内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4S)-4-<(1S,2R)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-<(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(phenylselenyl)ethyl>-2-methylpentyl>dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 173864-64-7 | C34H44O4SeSi |
| —— | (2R,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 950489-52-8 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (3aS,5R,7aS)-5-hydroxy-7a-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5-dihydro-3aH-1-benzofuran-2-one | 1418217-04-5 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 1-bromo-6-oxa-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione | 861333-60-0 | C6H6BrNO3 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4S,5R,E)-5-Acetoxy-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-8-methyl-6-nonenoic acid 1,4-lactone | 146384-01-2 | C13H20O6 |
| —— | bis(trimethylsilyl) (2-oxotetrahydrofur-4-yl)phosphonite | 329746-80-7 | C10H23O4PSi2 |
| —— | 5-O-acetyl-2-azido-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentonic acid γ-lactone | 97551-64-9 | C7H9N3O4 |
| —— | (5-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-phenyl-acetic acid methyl ester | 114701-95-0 | C13H14O4 |
| —— | 4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1178910-34-3 | C12H16O2Si |
| —— | (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-Dihydroxy-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,7-dione | 868526-03-8 | C7H8O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid 1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-isochromen-1-yl ester | 52378-78-6 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | 3-Hydroxymethylenperhydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-on | 91176-88-4 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,7aR)-3-Methyl-3a,7a-dihydro-3H,4H-isobenzofuran-1,5-dione | 121900-77-4 | C9H10O3 |
| —— | (1R,10R,11S,12S)-11,12-diphenyl-3,8-dioxabicyclo[8.2.0]dodecane-2,9-dione | 90455-60-0 | C22H22O4 |
| —— | (2aR,8aS,8bR)-7,7-Dimethyl-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 106144-79-0 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | 7-<i>sec</i>-butyl-oxepan-2-one | 104036-08-0 | C10H18O2 |
| —— | (-)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5-pentanolide | 131702-75-5 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (1,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl)-acetic acid | 92778-26-2 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | Monoepoxyovatodiolsaeure | 62854-02-8 | C20H24O5 |
| —— | 2,3-Secofriedelano-3,2-lacton | 56393-99-8 | C30H50O2 |
| —— | 4(S)-Benzyloxymethoxy-5(R)-methyl-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone | 152209-20-6 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (S)-4-[(Z)-(R)-1-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-non-3-enyl]-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one | 79064-95-2 | C18H34O4Si |
| —— | 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 56165-10-7 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | 3-ethoxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3<i>H</i>-4,7-methano-isobenzofuran-1-one | 149117-23-7 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | (3S,4S,6R) tetrahydro-3-hexyl-4-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy]-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 1100982-21-5 | C27H50O4 |
| —— | α-(1-ethyl-5-tetrazolyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 170944-31-7 | C7H10N4O2 |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-2-isopropenyl-γ-butyrolacton | 59253-85-9 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 3-tert-Butyl-2-[1-cyano-2,2-dimethyl-prop-(E)-ylidene]-4-oxo-oxetane-3-carbonitrile | 36994-51-1 | C14H18N2O2 |
| —— | DL-Homopilopsaeure-ethylester | 91057-99-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 1319745-45-3 | C24H40O5SSi2 | |
| —— | (S)-2-Methyl-butyric acid (1S,4S,4aR,7S,8S,8aR)-4-hydroxy-8-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 82065-71-2 | C23H36O6 |
| —— | (S)-5-(bromomethyl)-5-(thiophen-3-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1254701-79-5 | C9H9BrO2S |
| —— | 2,3,6-Tridesoxy-6-iod-L-threo-hexono-γ-lacton | 56405-82-4 | C6H9IO3 |
| —— | (R)-5-(2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-((triphenylsilyl)ethynyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one | 1257421-13-8 | C34H32O3Si |
| —— | 3-phenylseleno-4-butanolide | 71404-73-4 | C10H10O2Se |
| —— | (1S,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 1292817-11-8 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 6-[(E)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxyhept-1-enyl]oxan-2-one | 121225-01-2 | C18H34O3Si |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-Methyl-4-vinyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 56175-69-0 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | (Z)-(1S,9R)-8-Methyl-4-prop-1-ynyl-6,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>1,9</sup>]dodec-3-ene-2,5,11-trione | 60958-80-7 | C14H12O5 |
| —— | α-(Benzylidenhydrazono)-γ-butyrolacton | 55648-16-3 | C11H10N2O2 |
| —— | (Z)-(R)-8-Methyl-4-prop-1-ynyl-6,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>1,9</sup>]dodec-3-ene-2,5,11-trione | 60958-80-7 | C14H12O5 |
| —— | (1S*,5S*,7S*)-6-methylene-7-(methylthio)-3-oxo-7-(trimethylsilyl)bicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one | 132118-88-8 | C11H18O2SSi |
| —— | 1H-Cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one,5-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl]oxy]-4-ethenylhexahydro- | 139108-46-6 | C25H30O3Si |
| —— | 4-Hydroxymethyl-pent-4-ensaeure-lacton | 1641-82-3 | C6H8O2 |
| —— | (S)-2,2-Bis(trifluormethyl)-4-<<(4-ethoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl>methyl>-1,3-oxazolidin-5-on | 146197-90-2 | C11H9F6N3O4S |
| —— | (1S,4S,5S,8S)-4-Iodo-8-methoxy-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 158195-44-9 | C8H11IO3 |
| —— | 60485-57-6 | C19H22O6 | |
| —— | (E)-(R)-4-((Z)-1-Chloro-propenyl)-2-hydroxy-8-methyl-6,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.2.2.0<sup>1,9</sup>]dodec-3-ene-5,11-dione | 60958-82-9 | C14H15ClO5 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one | 1266113-84-1 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | 3-butyl-3-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 950-13-0 | C14H18O2 |
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