内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (S)-2-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-4-Methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-propionic acid | 73907-83-2 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | 905452-81-5 | C8H10O4 | |
| —— | (3α,3aα,8aα)-octahydro-3-chloro-2H-cyclohepta(b)-furan-2-one | 97191-02-1 | C9H13ClO2 |
| —— | aldehydo-D-glucurono-6,3-lactone diethyl dithioacetal | 4258-11-1 | C10H18O5S2 |
| —— | methyl 5-methylene-2-oxo-3-(p-tolyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate | 1148149-25-0 | C15H16O4 |
| —— | (4-Methyl-2,6-dioxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetyl chloride | 883866-55-5 | C8H9ClO4 |
| —— | (2aS,5R,5aR,6S,8aR,8bR)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-6-hydroxy-2a-methyl-2a,3,4,5,5a,6,8a,8b-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 143495-18-5 | C19H32O4Si |
| —— | 4-(1-trans-propenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-2,8-dione | 79011-85-1 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | (R)-4-Methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 137008-56-1 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (3aS,3bR,5S,7aR,7bR,8S,11bS)-7a,8-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3b,5,7b,11,11-pentamethyl-5-vinyl-3a,5,7a,7b,8,9,10,11,11a,11b-decahydro-3bH-1,3,4-trioxa-cyclopenta[l]phenanthren-2-one | 111724-01-7 | C22H32O7 |
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-1-enyl)butanolide | 27373-86-0 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (3aR,5R,8S,8aS)-5,8-Dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,8a-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 107344-12-7 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 1,8-dioxacyclohexadeca-11,13-diyne-2,7-dione | 1393363-14-8 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | (3aS,5aR,10aR,10bR)-1,2,3,3a,5a,6,7,8,10a,10b-Decahydro-9-oxa-cyclohepta[e]inden-10-one | 123807-90-9 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | 11,13-methylenumbellifolide | 135431-98-0 | C16H22O4 |
| —— | 3-(6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-heptyl)-dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one | 1082301-52-7 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | 1-Dehydroxy-1,2-didehydro-hexahydro-protogentiogenin | 91950-37-7 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (tetrahydropyrannyl)-5 pentanolide-4 | 93676-75-6 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 6-desoxymyrocin C | 143495-35-6 | C20H24O4 |
| —— | ent-10β-hydroxy-3α-methoxymethoxy-17-oxo-20-nor-12α,17-methanogibberellane-7,19-dioic acid 7-methyl ester 19,10-lactone | 1309586-92-2 | C23H30O7 |
| —— | dichloro-6,7 heptanolide-4 | 98325-73-6 | C7H10Cl2O2 |
| —— | N(3)-benzyloxymethyl-3',5'-O-di(triethylsilyl)-5,6-dihydrothymidine | 1334176-53-2 | C30H52N2O6Si2 |
| —— | (3aS,4R,5S,6aS)-ethyl-6a-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-phenylhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-5-carboxylate | 1111644-49-5 | C18H22O5 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-3-(propa-1,2-dienyl)furan-2(3H)-one | 1427729-77-8 | C13H10O2 |
| —— | cis-4,5-dihydro-4-isopropyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 112423-40-2 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | 2,3,3aβ,4,6,7,8,8a,9,9aβ-decahydro-8aβ-methyl-2-oxonaphtho<2,3-b>furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 73483-62-2 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | 2-(3-chlorocarbonyl-butyl)-3-methyl-succinic acid-anhydride | 856062-42-5 | C10H13ClO4 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5S,6S)-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 1431160-92-7 | C13H20O5 |
| —— | 1,9-Bis-(5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3,7-dithia-nonane | 412934-58-8 | C15H24O4S2 |
| —— | 5-deoxy-2,3-bis-O-methoxymethyl-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone | 137271-96-6 | C9H16O6 |
| —— | 3β-chloro-4α-hydroxy-5,7α,6β(H)-guaia-1(10),11(13)-dien-12,6-olide | 1228392-78-6 | C15H19ClO3 |
| —— | 2-methyl-<i>D</i>-5-deoxy-ribonic acid 4-lactone | 117776-52-0 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | 626201-41-0 | C12H20O5S | |
| —— | (E)-2-butylidene-δ-valerolactone | 61203-12-1 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 5S-(1S-hydroxypent-4-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2-one | 861807-70-7 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 5-oxo-3,3,6-trimethylnonanolide | 77014-37-0 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 1,6β,11α-Trihydroxy-11β-methyl-4-oxo-10αH-ambrosa-2-ene-12-oic acid-γ-lactone | 139122-98-8 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | (S)-N-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide | 625437-73-2 | C12H13NO3 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6S)-6-hexyl-4-methyl-5-[(4S)-4-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl]oxan-2-one | 140134-17-4 | C19H31NO3S2 |
| —— | 2-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl-4-trifluoroacetoxymethyl-4-butanolide | 134251-79-9 | C8H5F7O4 |
| —— | 4-ethyl-3-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1448719-29-6 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | 2,3-dinor-6,15-dioxo-19,19,20,20-d4-PGF<sub>1</sub>α 6,9-hemiacetal 1,6-lactone | 82290-54-8 | C18H26O5 |
| —— | (S)-5-Methyl-5-((R)-4-methyl-cyclohex-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 63323-23-9 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 1,11-Bis-(2-oxo-tetrahydropyran-3-yl)-4,8-dithia-undecane | 412934-75-9 | C19H32O4S2 |
| —— | 4-(1-bromo-1-methylethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1421638-85-8 | C7H11BrO2 |
| —— | (R)-3-trifluoromethyl-γ-butyrolactone | 109719-07-5 | C5H5F3O2 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-isopropenylpentanoic acid γ-lactone | 108427-00-5 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 7-Methyl-1-propan-2-yl-4,9-dioxatetracyclo[5.3.2.02,6.08,10]dodecan-3-one | 854762-29-1 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4S,4'R)-4'-(1-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)but-3-enyl)-4',5'-dihydro-2'H-spiro[bicyclo[2.2.2]oct[5]ene-2,3'-furan]-2'-one | 1384477-67-1 | C21H34O3Si |
| —— | α,α-Dichlor-β-tribrommethyl-β-propiolacton | 6900-32-9 | C4HBr3Cl2O2 |
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