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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R)-6-methylidene-3-propan-2-yloxan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    (3R)-6-methylidene-3-propan-2-yloxan-2-one
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 5-Methyl-15,18-dioxo-19-oxapentacyclo[8.7.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadec-13-ene-6-carboxamide —— C20H25NO4
    5-Methyl-15,18-dioxo-19-oxapentacyclo[8.7.2.01,13.02,10.05,9]nonadec-13-ene-6-carboxamide
    —— 12'-(2-Ethoxyethenyl)-12'-hydroxy-3'-methyl-13'-(2-oxopropyl)spiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-14'-one —— C25H34O7
    12'-(2-Ethoxyethenyl)-12'-hydroxy-3'-methyl-13'-(2-oxopropyl)spiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-14'-one
    —— [(1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O6
    [(1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-hydroxy-8-[2-[(2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (1S,4R,8R,9S,12R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one —— C11H12O3
    (1S,4R,8R,9S,12R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one
    —— (1R,4R,8R,9R,12R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one —— C11H12O3
    (1R,4R,8R,9R,12R)-9-hydroxy-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-5,10-dien-3-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O6
    (3R,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(Z)-[2-amino-1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H19N3O5S
    [(Z)-[2-amino-1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(Dimethylamino)methyl](5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)phosphinate —— C7H13NO4P-
    [(Dimethylamino)methyl](5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)phosphinate
    —— (dimethylazaniumyl)methyl-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)phosphinate —— C7H14NO4P
    (dimethylazaniumyl)methyl-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)phosphinate
    —— 6-(1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C17H20Br2O3
    6-(1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyldihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— N-[[17-[2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)acetyl]-5,13-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-5-pentacyclo[13.2.2.01,9.02,6.010,15]nonadeca-16,18-dienyl]methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C46H55ClFNO6S
    N-[[17-[2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)acetyl]-5,13-dihydroxy-6,10-dimethyl-5-pentacyclo[13.2.2.01,9.02,6.010,15]nonadeca-16,18-dienyl]methyl]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 1-[3-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-YL)-2-methylpropanoyl]-3-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-YL)thiourea —— C13H18N4O3S2
    1-[3-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-YL)-2-methylpropanoyl]-3-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-YL)thiourea
    —— [[2-Amino-1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C16H19N3O5S
    [[2-Amino-1-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino] 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— 2-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)acetate —— C8H11O4-
    2-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)acetate
    —— [Amino-[(5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium —— C9H17N2O2S+
    [Amino-[(5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium
    —— 3-[1-(1,3-Thiazol-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C9H10N2O2S
    3-[1-(1,3-Thiazol-2-ylamino)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1'S,2'S,3'R,11'S,13'R)-3'-methyl-13'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-12',14'-dione —— C21H26O5
    (1'S,2'S,3'R,11'S,13'R)-3'-methyl-13'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-12',14'-dione
    —— (1'S,2'S,3'S,11'R,13'R)-3'-methyl-13'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-12',14'-dione —— C21H26O5
    (1'S,2'S,3'S,11'R,13'R)-3'-methyl-13'-prop-2-enylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-15-oxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,11.03,8]hexadec-8-ene]-12',14'-dione
    —— (2S,4R,8R)-2-hydroxy-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,8]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trien-5-one —— C14H16O3
    (2S,4R,8R)-2-hydroxy-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,8]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trien-5-one
    —— (2S,4S,8R)-2-hydroxy-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,8]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trien-5-one —— C14H16O3
    (2S,4S,8R)-2-hydroxy-6-oxatricyclo[9.4.0.04,8]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-trien-5-one
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O6
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-hydroxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— [Amino-[(4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium —— C8H15N2O2S+
    [Amino-[(4-ethyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methylsulfanyl]methylidene]azanium
    —— [4-(5-Methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)but-2-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [4-(5-Methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)but-2-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— [1-(2-Methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)ethenylamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [1-(2-Methyl-5-oxo-4-propyloxolan-2-yl)ethenylamino]thiourea
    —— [4-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)but-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C11H19N3O2S
    [4-(5,5-Dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)but-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— 3,3,5,5-Tetramethyl-6-[4-(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-2-yl)phenyl]oxane-2,4-dione —— C24H30O6
    3,3,5,5-Tetramethyl-6-[4-(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4,6-dioxooxan-2-yl)phenyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 6,7-Dibromo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione —— C6H4Br2O3
    6,7-Dibromo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,4-dione
    —— 2-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-[(1S,6S,7S,8R)-8-phenyl-7-bicyclo[4.2.0]octanyl]acetamide —— C22H29NO3
    2-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-[(1S,6S,7S,8R)-8-phenyl-7-bicyclo[4.2.0]octanyl]acetamide
    —— 2-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-[(1S,6S,7S,8R)-8-phenyl-7-bicyclo[4.2.0]octanyl]acetamide —— C22H29NO3
    2-[(3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-N-[(1S,6S,7S,8R)-8-phenyl-7-bicyclo[4.2.0]octanyl]acetamide
    —— (3aS,9aR,9bR)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H16O3
    (3aS,9aR,9bR)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3aS,5R,5aS,8aR,9aS)-5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H16O3
    (3aS,5R,5aS,8aR,9aS)-5-methyl-1-methylidene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— (3E,5R)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-hexyloxolan-2-one —— C13H23NO2
    (3E,5R)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[(2R)-2-cyano-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid —— C8H9NO4
    3-[(2R)-2-cyano-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propanoic acid
    —— [(2S,4S)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C13H24N2O2S
    [(2S,4S)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [(Z)-1-[(2R,4S)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]ethylideneamino]urea
    —— [(2S,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate —— C13H24N2O2S
    [(2S,4R)-4-heptyl-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl carbamimidothioate
    —— 2-[(5R,6S)-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl]acetic acid —— C11H16O4
    2-[(5R,6S)-1-oxo-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-6-yl]acetic acid
    —— (3E,5S)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-hexyloxolan-2-one —— C13H23NO2
    (3E,5S)-3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-5-hexyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R,7S)-6,6-dimethyl-2,10-dimethylidene-4,8-dioxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-3,9-dione —— C16H20O4
    (5R,7S)-6,6-dimethyl-2,10-dimethylidene-4,8-dioxadispiro[4.1.47.35]tetradecane-3,9-dione
    —— (5R)-3-methylidene-5-[4-[(2S)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]butyl]oxolan-2-one —— C14H18O4
    (5R)-3-methylidene-5-[4-[(2S)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]butyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[9-[(2R)-oxiran-2-yl]nonylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C15H24O3
    (3Z)-3-[9-[(2R)-oxiran-2-yl]nonylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5S)-3-methylidene-5-[3-[(2R)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propyl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O4
    (5S)-3-methylidene-5-[3-[(2R)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]propyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-3-methylidene-5-[6-[(2S)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]hexyl]oxolan-2-one —— C16H22O4
    (5R)-3-methylidene-5-[6-[(2S)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]hexyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[(7E)-7-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)heptylidene]oxolan-2-one 53185-72-1 C15H20O4
    (3E)-3-[(7E)-7-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)heptylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,6S,7R)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9λ6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione —— C8H8O5S
    (1R,2R,6S,7R)-9,9-dioxo-4-oxa-9λ6-thiatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane-3,5-dione
    —— (3E)-3-[[(2R)-oxiran-2-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C7H8O3
    (3E)-3-[[(2R)-oxiran-2-yl]methylidene]oxolan-2-one