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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-octadec-13-en-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one —— C23H34O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-octadec-13-en-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    8-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,6,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— N-(6,13-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-17,19-dien-16-yl)-N-methylacetamide —— C24H33NO3
    N-(6,13-dimethyl-8-oxo-7-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.05,9.013,18]icosa-17,19-dien-16-yl)-N-methylacetamide
    —— 4'-(Hydroxymethyl)-6',6'-dimethyl-10-methylidenespiro[3-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-5,3'-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]-2,2',11-trione —— C20H24O5
    4'-(Hydroxymethyl)-6',6'-dimethyl-10-methylidenespiro[3-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,6]dodecane-5,3'-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane]-2,2',11-trione
    —— 5-Buta-1,3-dienyl-4-hydroxy-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C11H16O3
    5-Buta-1,3-dienyl-4-hydroxy-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3a,8a-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yl-7,8,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[5,6-b]furan-2,6-dione —— C20H28O5
    4-hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-2-yl)-3a,8a-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yl-7,8,9,9a-tetrahydro-3H-azuleno[5,6-b]furan-2,6-dione
    —— 1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H18O2
    1,5,8-trimethyl-3a,4,9,9a-tetrahydro-1H-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— (3,4,6,12,13,15-Hexaacetyloxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C38H52O17
    (3,4,6,12,13,15-Hexaacetyloxy-4,8,11,11-tetramethyl-7,18-dioxo-19-oxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,6]nonadec-9-en-14-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— Cneorin D —— C25H28O8
    Cneorin D
    —— (±)-plakolide A —— C18H28O2
    (±)-plakolide A
    —— 5-(10,10-Dibromo-1-hydroxydeca-2,9-dienyl)oxolan-2-one —— C14H20Br2O3
    5-(10,10-Dibromo-1-hydroxydeca-2,9-dienyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3aS,5aS,10aS,10bS)-5a,10-dimethyl-3-methylene-3a,4,5,5a,10a,10b-hexahydrooxepino[4,5-g]benzofuran-2(3H)-one —— C15H18O3
    (3aS,5aS,10aS,10bS)-5a,10-dimethyl-3-methylene-3a,4,5,5a,10a,10b-hexahydrooxepino[4,5-g]benzofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-Hexacosyloxan-2-one —— C31H60O2
    6-Hexacosyloxan-2-one
    —— 4,9,12-Trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-8-en-13-one —— C15H22O3
    4,9,12-Trimethyl-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.02,4]tetradec-8-en-13-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(3-oxoocta-1,4,6-trienyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O4
    4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(3-oxoocta-1,4,6-trienyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 8-Hydroxy-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4a,5,8,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-1-one —— C20H28O3
    8-Hydroxy-7-methyl-11-methylidene-4-(4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-4a,5,8,9,10,11a-hexahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-1-one
    —— 9-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H26O5
    9-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9,10,12-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(11),4(12)-diene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H18O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodeca-1(11),4(12)-diene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— β-ethyl-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 50598-34-0 C7H12O2
    β-ethyl-β-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5,5-Dimethyl-12-(3-methylpentoxy)-10-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.03,7]tridec-2-ene-2-carbaldehyde —— C21H30O4
    5,5-Dimethyl-12-(3-methylpentoxy)-10-oxo-11-oxatetracyclo[7.3.1.01,9.03,7]tridec-2-ene-2-carbaldehyde
    —— 4,8,8-Trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one —— C10H14O2
    4,8,8-Trimethyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one
    —— 3-Methyl-4-(4,6,8-trimethylnonan-2-yl)oxetan-2-one —— C16H30O2
    3-Methyl-4-(4,6,8-trimethylnonan-2-yl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 8-Hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-1,3a,4,6,7,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    8-Hydroxy-1,5,8-trimethyl-1,3a,4,6,7,9a-hexahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 8,9-Dihydroxy-6,14,15,21,22-pentamethyl-10-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one —— C29H42O5
    8,9-Dihydroxy-6,14,15,21,22-pentamethyl-10-methylidene-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-isobutyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 117339-13-6 C8H14O3
    3-hydroxy-5-isobutyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— Ncgc00385958-01_C9H14O5_ —— C9H14O5
    Ncgc00385958-01_C9H14O5_
    —— 9-Methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-6-carbaldehyde —— C15H16O3
    9-Methyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-6-carbaldehyde
    —— 8-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-12-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-10-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.05,7]dodecan-11-one —— C15H22O5
    8-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-12-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-10-oxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.05,7]dodecan-11-one
    —— 6-Pentacosyloxan-2-one —— C30H58O2
    6-Pentacosyloxan-2-one
    —— (5,8-Dimethyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl) acetate —— C17H22O4
    (5,8-Dimethyl-1-methylidene-2-oxo-3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl) acetate
    —— 4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-oxepin-7-one —— C12H18O3
    4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-oxepin-7-one
    —— 9-Hydroxy-3-methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradecan-13-one —— C15H20O4
    9-Hydroxy-3-methyl-8,12-dimethylidene-4,14-dioxatricyclo[9.3.0.03,5]tetradecan-13-one
    —— 1b,6-Dihydroxy-6a-methyl-8-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexahydrospiro[2,5-methanooxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-d]oxepine-7,2'-oxiran]-3(2h)-one 17617-47-9 C15H18O6
    1b,6-Dihydroxy-6a-methyl-8-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexahydrospiro[2,5-methanooxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-d]oxepine-7,2'-oxiran]-3(2h)-one
    —— 4-[4-Hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]but-2-enal —— C11H12O5
    4-[4-Hydroxy-5-(3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene]but-2-enal
    —— 3-Hexadec-15-en-7-ynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C21H34O3
    3-Hexadec-15-en-7-ynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H14O3
    5-(1-Hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 13-Hydroxy-6-methyl-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-diene-7,17,18-trione —— C19H22O5
    13-Hydroxy-6-methyl-16-oxatetracyclo[13.2.2.03,11.04,8]nonadeca-1,9-diene-7,17,18-trione
    —— 12-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-6,9-dihydroxy-11-methyl-8,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-13-one —— C20H26O7
    12-[2-(Furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-6,9-dihydroxy-11-methyl-8,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.6.0.01,6.02,12]pentadecan-13-one
    —— Coriamyrtin 82660-12-6 C15H18O5
    Coriamyrtin
    —— 5-Ethenyl-4,5,10-trihydroxy-1,6,11-trimethyl-13-oxatetracyclo[8.6.0.02,7.011,14]hexadecane-9,12-dione —— C20H28O6
    5-Ethenyl-4,5,10-trihydroxy-1,6,11-trimethyl-13-oxatetracyclo[8.6.0.02,7.011,14]hexadecane-9,12-dione
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,8,8,11,14,20,21-heptamethyl-19-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricosan-18-one —— C30H50O3
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,8,8,11,14,20,21-heptamethyl-19-oxapentacyclo[12.9.0.02,11.05,10.015,21]tricosan-18-one
    —— (9a-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,8,9,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    (9a-Hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,8,9,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C18H18N2O4S2
    3-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-5-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— (3-Hydroxy-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradecan-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O7
    (3-Hydroxy-11-methyl-2,7-dimethylidene-6,12-dioxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradecan-9-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— N-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide —— C6H9NO3
    N-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxamide
    —— Prochamazulenogenin 24399-20-0 C15H20O3
    Prochamazulenogenin
    —— 10-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,7,12-trioxatricyclo[9.1.0.02,4]dodecan-8-one —— C10H14O5
    10-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3,7,12-trioxatricyclo[9.1.0.02,4]dodecan-8-one
    —— 6-[2-(3-butan-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C16H26O3
    6-[2-(3-butan-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadeca-11,15-dien-7,9-diynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C21H28O3
    3-Hexadeca-11,15-dien-7,9-diynyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (9-Hydroperoxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-7-en-14-yl) acetate —— C22H32O7
    (9-Hydroperoxy-5,9,13-trimethyl-18-methylidene-17-oxo-4,16-dioxatricyclo[13.3.0.03,5]octadec-7-en-14-yl) acetate