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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-(Butoxymethyl)-3,3-dimethyloxolan-2-one 54550-86-6 C11H20O3
    5-(Butoxymethyl)-3,3-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-butyloxolan-2-one 62668-45-5 C13H24O3
    5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-butyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one 62668-38-6 C10H18O3
    5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-{[(Prop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]methyl}oxolan-2-one 62668-34-2 C8H12O3
    5-{[(Prop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]methyl}oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Ethenyl-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one 62668-26-2 C8H12O2
    3-Ethenyl-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Ethenyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one 62668-27-3 C9H14O2
    3-Ethenyl-5-ethyl-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one 62668-43-3 C12H22O3
    5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one
    —— methyl 3-oxa-4-keto-4a-homo-5β-cholan-24-oate 865623-87-6 C25H40O4
    methyl 3-oxa-4-keto-4a-homo-5β-cholan-24-oate
    —— 3-Butyl-5-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 62668-44-4 C12H20O3
    3-Butyl-5-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-{[(Prop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]methyl}-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 62668-47-7 C13H20O3
    3-{[(Prop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]methyl}-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— (5R)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,6-dione 587875-11-4 C7H8O4
    (5R)-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,6-dione
    —— 3-Ethenyl-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one 62705-32-2 C13H14O2
    3-Ethenyl-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Prop-2-enoxymethyl)-3-propyloxolan-2-one 62668-41-1 C11H18O3
    5-(Prop-2-enoxymethyl)-3-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Propan-2-yl-5-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 62705-40-2 C11H18O3
    3-Propan-2-yl-5-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Ethyl-5-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 62668-39-7 C10H16O3
    3-Ethyl-5-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-ethyloxolan-2-one 62668-40-0 C11H20O3
    5-(Butoxymethyl)-3-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3aR,6S,7S,8aR)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-7-methyloctahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 935733-49-6 C16H30O3Si
    (3aR,6S,7S,8aR)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-7-methyloctahydro-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-iodo-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 92287-20-2 C11H11IO2
    5-iodo-6-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— cis-caronaldehyde 2102-46-7 C7H10O3
    cis-caronaldehyde
    —— 4-Ethyl-5-hydroxypentanoic acid lactone 73805-43-3 C7H12O2
    4-Ethyl-5-hydroxypentanoic acid lactone
    —— 5-(iodo-phenyl-methyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 92287-19-9 C11H11IO2
    5-(iodo-phenyl-methyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1S,2'S,4'R)-[2-hydroxy-1-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 906662-79-1 C12H21NO5
    (1S,2'S,4'R)-[2-hydroxy-1-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (1S,2'S,4'R)-[2-allyloxy-1-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 906662-80-4 C15H25NO5
    (1S,2'S,4'R)-[2-allyloxy-1-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-azido-2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 203927-01-9 C22H27N3O4Si
    (4S,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-azido-2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S,6S)-6-(3-bromoprop-1-en-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one 335060-55-4 C10H15BrO2
    (3R,5S,6S)-6-(3-bromoprop-1-en-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (2R,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-heptanolide 631918-26-8 C9H16O2
    (2R,4S,5R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-heptanolide
    —— (3R,5S,6S)-6-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-on 117248-20-1 C9H16O2
    (3R,5S,6S)-6-Ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-on
    —— prop-2-enyl N-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamate 574005-85-9 C8H11NO4
    prop-2-enyl N-[(3S)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]carbamate
    —— 2-chloromethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonyl chloride 60947-38-8 C6H6Cl2O3
    2-chloromethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbonyl chloride
    —— α,α'-Dibromoglutaric anhydride 121049-89-6 C5H4Br2O3
    α,α'-Dibromoglutaric anhydride
    —— (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-((E)-3-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1445989-98-9 C12H18O3
    (4R,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-((E)-3-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R,6S,E)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 1445990-06-6 C12H18O3
    (4R,6S,E)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4S,6S,E)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one 1445990-05-5 C12H18O3
    (4S,6S,E)-4-hydroxy-6-(3-methylhexa-3,5-dienyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3,6-diethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 16429-10-0 C9H16O2
    3,6-diethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (2S,3S,4S)-3-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-4-pentyl-γ-butyrolactone 203514-30-1 C12H20O4
    (2S,3S,4S)-3-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-4-pentyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4S,5S)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2-one 287483-41-4 C25H34O3Si
    (4S,5S)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-pentyl-2-(3H)-furanone 157497-26-2 C9H16O3
    (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-pentyl-2-(3H)-furanone
    —— bis(trifluoromethyl)(1-oxa-cyclopenta-2-one-3-yl)borane-dimethylamine 148298-56-0 C8H12BF6NO2
    bis(trifluoromethyl)(1-oxa-cyclopenta-2-one-3-yl)borane-dimethylamine
    —— 5-methyl-1-trifluoromethyl-2-oxa-6-aza-bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-5-en-3-one 63801-29-6 C6H4F3NO2
    5-methyl-1-trifluoromethyl-2-oxa-6-aza-bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-5-en-3-one
    —— 5-tert-Butyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 125263-12-9 C9H16O2
    5-tert-Butyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-oxa-6-aza-bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-5-en-3-one 63801-30-9 C4H3NO2
    2-oxa-6-aza-bicyclo[2.2.0]hex-5-en-3-one
    —— (1S,2R,8R,11R,12S,16S)-2,16-dimethyl-6-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecane-5,15-dione 1161927-13-4 C19H28O3
    (1S,2R,8R,11R,12S,16S)-2,16-dimethyl-6-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecane-5,15-dione
    —— (1'S,2'S,8'S,11'R,12'S,16'S)-2',16'-dimethylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,15'-5-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecane]-6'-one 1315357-89-1 C21H32O4
    (1'S,2'S,8'S,11'R,12'S,16'S)-2',16'-dimethylspiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,15'-5-oxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,8.012,16]octadecane]-6'-one
    —— 3-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one 6051-08-7 C10H16O2
    3-oxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-one
    —— 3,3-bis(2-propenyl)oxepan-2-one 163012-20-2 C12H18O2
    3,3-bis(2-propenyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— 5-deoxy-DL-ribonic acid-4-lactone 5803-57-6 C5H8O4
    5-deoxy-DL-ribonic acid-4-lactone
    —— 5-deoxy-D-lyxonic acid-4-lactone 5803-57-6 C5H8O4
    5-deoxy-D-lyxonic acid-4-lactone
    —— (Z)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylideneacetic acid 135102-76-0 C8H10O4
    (Z)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-ylideneacetic acid
    —— (2Z)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)propanoic acid 887748-15-4 C9H12O4
    (2Z)-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)propanoic acid
    —— (3S)-3-[(2R)-1-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]oxan-2-one 379215-18-6 C17H23NO2
    (3S)-3-[(2R)-1-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]oxan-2-one