内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-(1-Chloro-2-methyl-propenyl)-3-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100066-95-3 | C10H15ClO2 |
| —— | 100467-35-4 | C20H28O5 | |
| —— | (R,R)-O,O'-Bis(2,2-dichlorovinyl)tartaric anhydride | 123848-36-2 | C8H4Cl4O5 |
| —— | (R)-((2S,3R)-2-Ethyl-4-methylene-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-acetic acid | 104206-42-0 | C14H24O5Si |
| —— | (3R,5S)-3-Bromo-5-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 162468-00-0 | C21H25BrO3Si |
| —— | 5(R)-bromo-7-cyclohexyl-2(S)-isopropyl-4(S)-heptanolide | 118041-16-0 | C16H27BrO2 |
| —— | (1S,6R,8R)-3,3-Dimethyl-5-oxo-2,4-dioxa-tricyclo[6.5.0.01,6]tridecane-12,12-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 109950-34-7 | C17H24O7 |
| —— | 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-4-acetic acid, 1,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo- | 1706442-16-1 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 9-vinyl-7-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-8-one | 139669-62-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 6-Methyl-3-propionyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione | 84670-15-5 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 2-acetyl-4,4-diethylbutanolide | 86577-35-7 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-tert-Butyl-3-methyl-3-phenyl-oxetan-2-one | 74686-95-6 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | 7-fluoro-10β-fluoromethyl-1β,8β-dimethylgibbane-1α,4aα-carbolactone | 77912-35-7 | C19H26F2O2 |
| —— | (1S,4S,5R,8R,11S)-4,5,11-Trihydroxy-9-oxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodecan-10-one | 85807-63-2 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | 1309207-19-9 | C14H14O2 | |
| —— | (S)-5-[(R)-3-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2-hydroxy-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 102916-19-8 | C23H30O4Si |
| —— | (4S,5S,6S)-5-Methyl-6-((E)-1-methyl-2-phenyl-vinyl)-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 156624-91-8 | C24H38O3Si |
| —— | 5-Oxo-4-butyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 100053-52-9 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-17ξ-[1,3]dioxolan-2-yl-5-hydroxy-3,5-seco-<i>A</i>-nor-10α-androsta-5,9(11)-dien-3-oic acid-lactone | 114307-27-6 | C21H28O4 |
| —— | (R)-5-(iodomethyl)-5-isobutyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1637370-56-9 | C9H15IO2 |
| —— | 2-O-Methyl-D-arabino-1,4-lacton | 68086-78-2 | C6H10O5 |
| —— | (1S,2R,5S,6S,7R)-5-(iodomethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-en-3-one | 122774-81-6 | C10H11IO2 |
| —— | (7aR)-(+)-7a-benzyl-4-methyl-7,7a-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1,5(3H,6H)-dione | 1236161-81-1 | C16H16O3 |
| —— | α-Iodo-δ-valerolactone | 63641-53-2 | C5H7IO2 |
| —— | (3E)-3-(chloromethylidene)-4-methyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 128071-65-8 | C11H15ClO2 |
| —— | 134826-78-1 | C10H16O2 | |
| —— | 3'a,7'a-cis-3'a,4',5',6',7',7'a-Hexahydrospiro<cyclohexane-1,1'(3'H)-isobenzofuran>-3'-one | 73090-09-2 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | ethyl (3aS,4S,7aR)-1,1,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-6-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-4-carboxylate | 1579293-61-0 | C23H40O5Si |
| —— | rac-(9aR,9bR,18aR,18bR)-tetradecahydro-4,9a:9b,15-dimethanocyclobuta[1,2-b:4,3-b']di[1]oxacycloundecine-2,17(3H,10H)-dione | 77188-52-4 | C22H32O4 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1449574-91-7 | C12H22O4Si |
| —— | (2R,4S)-2-Methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-4-carbaldehyde | 128683-38-5 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4S)-3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-dodecanolid-(4) | 96982-48-8 | C13H22O5 |
| —— | 1151391-98-8 | C27H54O5Si | |
| —— | (+-)-4t-chloro-10-oxo-(8at)-octahydro-4ar,1c-oxaethano-naphthalene-2c-carboxylic acid | 105340-44-1 | C12H15ClO4 |
| —— | (-)-(1R,2S,5R,6R,7S)-6-methyl-5-pivaloyloxymethyl-4-oxatricyclo<5.3.0.02,6>decan-3,8-dione | 162238-47-3 | C16H22O5 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R)-5-Hydroxy-12-oxa-tricyclo[4.4.3.0<sup>1,6</sup>]tridec-3-ene-2,11-dione | 78677-81-3 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | (1SR,2RS,5SR,6SR,7RS)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one | 115237-16-6 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Amino-5-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 180415-41-2 | C21H27NO3Si |
| —— | (R)-γ-[4-3H1,4-2H1]butyrolactone | 1035846-01-5 | C4H6O2 |
| —— | (4a<i>S</i>)-1,4b-dimethyl-(4b<i>t</i>,8a<i>c</i>,10a<i>t</i>)-decahydro-4a<i>r</i>,1<i>c</i>-oxaethano-phenanthrene-7,12-dione | 107524-21-0 | C17H24O3 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,9aS,9bS)-8-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione | 21653-36-1 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-((S)-2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-1-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1032880-00-4 | C24H32O5Si |
| —— | (5R)-5-[(1R)-1-amino-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]oxolan-2-one | 1292820-89-3 | C6H8F3NO2 |
| —— | 2-Oxaspiro[4.5]decane-1.6,8-trione | 280568-00-5 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | (S)-6-(iodomethyl)-6-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1258203-96-1 | C9H15IO2 |
| —— | (Z,3S,4S,9S,10R)-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-4,9-bis(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-10-pentyloxecin-2-one | 1585969-07-8 | C19H34O6 |
| —— | 2-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-acetoacetic acid-lactone | 30839-50-0 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 2H-1-Benzopyran-2,6(7H)-dione, 3,4,8,8a-tetrahydro-8a-methyl-, (S)- | 144125-10-0 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 5-deoxy-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone | 82838-46-8 | C5H8O4 |
| —— | cis-(+/-)-Tetrahydro-2-oxofuran-3,4-diessigsaeure-diethylester | 104208-10-8 | C12H18O6 |
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