内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4β,7-dichloro-10β-methoxycarbonyl-1β,8α-dimethylgibbane-1α,4aα-carbolactone | 77732-52-6 | C20H26Cl2O4 |
| —— | 1192815-65-8 | C14H28O3Si | |
| —— | cis-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 121756-27-2 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,4R)-4-ethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3,2,1>octan-3,5-dione | 98442-36-5 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 6,6-Dimethyl-8-methylene-5,6,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[f]azulene-1,3-dione | 197586-19-9 | C15H16O3 |
| —— | (3aS,5aR,8S,9R,9aS,9bS)-8-[2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)ethyl]-9-triethylsilanyloxy-3a,5a,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-naphtho[1,2-c]furan-1-one | 1403352-56-6 | C36H50O4Si2 |
| —— | 4-(3-acetoxy-acetonyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 855911-97-6 | C12H18O5 |
| —— | 2-(((2R,4S)-4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carboxamide | 118149-41-0 | C13H25N3O4Si |
| —— | (3S,4R,7R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-7-[(R)-2-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-butyl]-3-methyl-oxepan-2-one | 765300-81-0 | C33H52O4Si2 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-3-isobutyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 862015-56-3 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-7<i>t</i>-acetoxy-6<i>c</i>-methoxy-3-methyl-(4a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1<i>H</i>-1<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>-oxaethano-naphthalene-4,9-dione | 101103-58-6 | C15H18O6 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-methyl-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2-one | 504412-43-5 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | (5S,6R)-6-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-hydroxy-propyl]-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 870075-15-3 | C15H30O4Si |
| —— | 4-amyloxymethyl-2-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydroxy)propylbutanolide | 108332-96-3 | C14H26O5 |
| —— | 7-Methyl-8-vinyl-oxocane-2,4-dione | 129199-66-2 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,2R,3S,6S,8R,11R)-4,10-dioxatetracyclo[6.4.0.02,6.03,11]dodecane-5,9-dione | 109573-29-7 | C10H10O4 |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.7]dodecan-2-one | 135605-13-9 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | 7-oxa-1-azaspiro[4.4]non-1-en-6-one 1-oxide | 675105-46-1 | C7H9NO3 |
| —— | 9-Hydroxymethyl-3-((2-oxo-[5H]-4-furyl))methyl-spiro[5.5]undecane | 154464-75-2 | C17H26O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S,6R)-6-((2S,3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methylheptan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1289377-57-6 | C15H28O4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4aR,5R,8aR)-2′,5′,8′a-trimethyl-5′-methoxycarbonyl-spiro-[furan-2(5H),1′(2′H)-decahydro naphthalen]-5-one | 1519040-68-6 | C18H28O4 |
| —— | (3aR,6aS,9aR,9bR)-9b-Methoxymethyl-7-methyl-3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-benzo[de]chromene-2,9-dione | 104199-04-4 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | (2R,6R)-2-(3-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)propyl)-6-((S)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)dihydro-2H-pyran-3(4H)-one | 1312080-53-7 | C29H38O5Si |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6aR)-4-hydroxyhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 160023-09-6 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | α-Phenyl-γ-<6-amino-4-hydroxy-(1,3,5)triazinyl-(2)>-γ-butyrolacton | 93087-02-6 | C13H12N4O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1R,4R,6R)-6-acetoxy-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-7-yl ester | 73886-17-6 | C10H12O6 |
| —— | 8-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 615280-54-1 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (1R,9S)-4-Methyl-5,7,10-trioxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodec-3-en-11-one | 80348-99-8 | C10H12O4 |
| —— | 4-Benzyl-3-eth-(E)-ylidene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 139669-66-2 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | (Z)-ethyl 3-chloro-2-((4-oxooxetan-2-yl)methyl)but-2-enoate | 1638667-74-9 | C10H13ClO4 |
| —— | 6-(Iodomethyl)-4-oxahexanolide | 121138-09-8 | C6H9IO3 |
| —— | (3aα,4β,5β,6aα)-(+/-)-Hexahydro-5-methoxy-1-oxo-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-4-carbonsaeure-methylester | 101375-88-6 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | (R)-5-benzyl-5-(iodomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1637370-47-8 | C12H13IO2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-5-azidomethyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 179685-91-7 | C6H9N3O2 |
| —— | 1-Allyl-9-iodo-5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonan-3-one | 95578-24-8 | C12H17IO2 |
| —— | (2R,8R)-2,8-dimethyl-2,3,7,8-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-nonaric acid di-γ-lactone | 128685-04-1 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 869210-33-3 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (R)-1-Trifluoromethyl-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 131758-89-9 | C14H17F3O4 |
| —— | 2-(2-Oxopropyliden)-δ-valerolacton | 53143-41-2 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | 2-methyl-trans-3-methylcyclohex-4-ene-cis-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride | 82112-10-5 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 1α(S),10α(R)-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-3α(R)-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-11β(R)-phenylseleno-4-guaien-6α(S),12-olide | 1202792-05-9 | C33H56O5SeSi3 |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,6S,7S,7aR)-3a-formyl-7-[2-((2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,6-dimethyl-octahydro-inden-1-yl ester | 134004-68-5 | C25H40O6 |
| —— | 6-allyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]furan-1,5-dione | 58648-42-3 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | ((4aR,5S)-1-Oxo-1,3,4,4a,5,7a-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-5-yl)-acetaldehyde | 54867-33-3 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | 1,4,5-Tris-O-methyl-chinasaeure-lacton | 14833-62-6 | C10H16O5 |
| —— | α-Isopropyl-γ-carboxy-butyrolacton | 98558-81-7 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | cis-3-acetoxymethyl-2-(2-propenyl)-4-butanolide | 75584-35-9 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 2,8-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one | 1690338-28-3 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 3-deoxy-D-gluco-heptono-lactone | 73163-22-1 | C7H12O6 |
| —— | (-)-(6S)-Tetrahydro-6-(pent-2-ynyl)-2H-pyran-2-one | 136173-90-5 | C10H14O2 |
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