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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4S,6S)-6-[(S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pentyl]-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1248520-20-8 C17H34O3Si
    (4S,6S)-6-[(S)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)pentyl]-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-(bromomethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2-one 1254693-05-4 C6H7BrO3
    5-(bromomethyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (2R,3S,5R,6R,7R,9S,12R)-2-hydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one —— C15H18O5
    (2R,3S,5R,6R,7R,9S,12R)-2-hydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one
    —— (3aR,5R,5aR,8aR,9aR)-5-methyl-1-methylene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione —— C14H16O3
    (3aR,5R,5aR,8aR,9aR)-5-methyl-1-methylene-4,5,5a,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,7-b]furan-2,8-dione
    —— Tutu —— C15H18O6
    Tutu
    —— [(1R,3S,8R,9E,15R)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate 27428-86-0 C19H22O7
    [(1R,3S,8R,9E,15R)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (4R,5R)-5-ethyl-4-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxyoxolan-2-one 1246769-71-0 C15H30O3Si
    (4R,5R)-5-ethyl-4-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-ethyloxolan-2-one 1246769-70-9 C12H24O3Si
    (4R,5R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (R)-7-(2-methoxyethyl)oxepan-2-one 1029408-03-4 C9H16O3
    (R)-7-(2-methoxyethyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— (4R,6S)-ethyl 6-allyl-tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate 1256634-37-3 C14H20O4
    (4R,6S)-ethyl 6-allyl-tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,3aS,6S,6aS,8S,9R,9aR,9br)-8-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-6H-3a,6-epidioxyazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one 1254986-34-9 C15H20O5
    (3R,3aS,6S,6aS,8S,9R,9aR,9br)-8-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-6H-3a,6-epidioxyazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,6-dimethyl-3-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1258457-20-3 C13H16O2
    3,6-dimethyl-3-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5,9-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undec-8-en-1-one 1287661-37-3 C12H18O2
    5,9-dimethyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undec-8-en-1-one
    —— (2R,4S)-4-Chloroformyl-2-methylbutan-4-olide 88218-40-0 C6H7ClO3
    (2R,4S)-4-Chloroformyl-2-methylbutan-4-olide
    —— (4S. 5S)-4-Amino-5-ethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one 409369-67-1 C6H11NO3
    (4S. 5S)-4-Amino-5-ethoxy-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-ethyl-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 6900-23-8 C8H14O2
    4-ethyl-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— novolactone 1804950-46-6 C20H28O4
    novolactone
    —— 3-Methyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one 143328-00-1 C9H14O2
    3-Methyl-5-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxybutylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione 141214-62-2 C8H10O4
    3-(1-Hydroxybutylidene)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Allyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 902240-79-3 C9H14O2
    3-Allyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxynonylidene)-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione 89706-95-6 C16H26O4
    3-(1-Hydroxynonylidene)-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 6-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one 28458-39-1 C12H17NO3
    6-[2-(3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 1-(5-Oxooxolan-2-YL)hexadec-9-ene-4,7,11-trione 62524-72-5 C20H30O5
    1-(5-Oxooxolan-2-YL)hexadec-9-ene-4,7,11-trione
    —— 3-O-methyl-isosecotanapartholide 128286-96-4 C16H20O5
    3-O-methyl-isosecotanapartholide
    —— 1-amino-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecan-5-one hydrochloride 1414379-20-6 C10H15NO2*ClH
    1-amino-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.1(3,8)]undecan-5-one hydrochloride
    —— Tert-butyl 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxan-3-yl)acetate 1404379-94-7 C13H22O4
    Tert-butyl 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxan-3-yl)acetate
    —— 5-(2-(5-(3-hydroxybutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1427085-07-1 C14H24O4
    5-(2-(5-(3-hydroxybutyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-(2-(5-acetyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1427085-11-7 C12H18O4
    5-(2-(5-acetyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R,3S,5R,6R,7R,8S,9R,12S)-2,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one 79029-98-4 C15H18O6
    (2R,3S,5R,6R,7R,8S,9R,12S)-2,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one
    —— 2-[(2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde —— C6H8O6
    2-[(2S,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde
    —— Methylene simvastatin 1246815-38-2 C25H36O5
    Methylene simvastatin
    —— (3S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-(10-Cyclohexyldecyl)oxane-2,6-dione 88444-19-3 C21H36O3
    4-(10-Cyclohexyldecyl)oxane-2,6-dione
    —— 3,6-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one 88987-27-3 C6H10O5
    3,6-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxytetradecylidene)oxane-2,4-dione 89288-29-9 C19H32O4
    3-(1-Hydroxytetradecylidene)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one 89345-16-4 C10H17ClO2
    3-Chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxydodec-11-en-1-ylidene)oxane-2,4-dione 89288-28-8 C17H26O4
    3-(1-Hydroxydodec-11-en-1-ylidene)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 5-tert-Butyl-3,3-dichloro-5-methyloxolan-2-one 89345-03-9 C9H14Cl2O2
    5-tert-Butyl-3,3-dichloro-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,3-Dichloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one 89345-15-3 C10H16Cl2O2
    3,3-Dichloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxydecylidene)-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione 89707-00-6 C16H26O4
    3-(1-Hydroxydecylidene)-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3,3-Dichloro-3a,4,5,6,7,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2(3H)-one 89630-79-5 C10H12Cl2O2
    3,3-Dichloro-3a,4,5,6,7,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-Chloro-3a,4,5,6,7,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2(3H)-one 89630-80-8 C10H13ClO2
    3-Chloro-3a,4,5,6,7,9a-hexahydrocycloocta[b]furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-[2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-but-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one 89608-45-7 C8H5F7O2
    3-[2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Heptafluoro-but-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6-Ethyl-3-(1-hydroxynonylidene)-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione 89706-99-0 C17H28O4
    6-Ethyl-3-(1-hydroxynonylidene)-6-methyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Benzyl-5-(phenylacetyl)oxan-2-one 89665-33-8 C20H20O3
    3-Benzyl-5-(phenylacetyl)oxan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxydecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione 89706-94-5 C18H30O4
    3-(1-Hydroxydecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxyundecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione 89707-07-3 C19H32O4
    3-(1-Hydroxyundecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxynonylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione 89707-05-1 C17H28O4
    3-(1-Hydroxynonylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 8-Oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,7]tridecan-9-one 89789-46-8 C12H18O2
    8-Oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,7]tridecan-9-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxypentadecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione 89706-98-9 C23H40O4
    3-(1-Hydroxypentadecylidene)-6-propyloxane-2,4-dione