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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3aR,6S,6aR)-6-ethoxy-3-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-4-one —— C13H13NO4
    (3aR,6S,6aR)-6-ethoxy-3-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-4-one
    —— (3aR,4R,6aR)-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-oxido-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-2-ium-6-one —— C7H9NO5
    (3aR,4R,6aR)-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-oxido-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-2-ium-6-one
    —— (3aR,6R,6aR)-6-ethoxy-3-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-4-one —— C13H13NO4
    (3aR,6R,6aR)-6-ethoxy-3-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,2]oxazol-4-one
    —— (1R,4S,8S,10Z,12R)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione —— C18H26O3S
    (1R,4S,8S,10Z,12R)-10-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-4,8-dimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— (4aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-7-methylidene-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one —— C10H14O2
    (4aS,7aR)-7a-methyl-7-methylidene-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one
    —— (3E,5R)-5-methyl-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylamino)methylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C8H10N4O2
    (3E,5R)-5-methyl-3-[(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylamino)methylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-pyridin-4-ylmethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H19N3O3
    4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[(E)-pyridin-4-ylmethylideneamino]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— N-[(E)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C16H20N2O4
    N-[(E)-1-(furan-2-yl)ethylideneamino]-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (3Z,5R)-3-(azidomethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C6H7N3O2
    (3Z,5R)-3-(azidomethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-2,2-dimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C12H21NO3
    (3R)-2,2-dimethyl-N-(3-methylbutyl)-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— [(3S,3aS,4S,9aR,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-chloroacetate —— C17H19ClO5
    [(3S,3aS,4S,9aR,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-chloroacetate
    —— (3S,6Z)-6-(bromomethylidene)-3-phenyloxan-2-one —— C12H11BrO2
    (3S,6Z)-6-(bromomethylidene)-3-phenyloxan-2-one
    —— (3S,6E)-6-(bromomethylidene)-3-phenyloxan-2-one —— C12H11BrO2
    (3S,6E)-6-(bromomethylidene)-3-phenyloxan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(2S)-6-methoxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C13H24O3
    (5R)-5-[(2S)-6-methoxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-4,6,6-trimethyloxepan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (4R)-4,6,6-trimethyloxepan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(2S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one —— C12H20O2
    (5S)-5-[(2S)-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-methyl-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C8H12O3
    (4R,5S)-4-methyl-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (4R,5R)-4-methyl-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione —— C8H12O3
    (4R,5R)-4-methyl-5-propyloxolane-2,3-dione
    —— (3S)-3-pentyloxan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (3S)-3-pentyloxan-2-one
    —— methyl (1R,5R)-2-(carbamoylamino)-1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate —— C12H17N3O6
    methyl (1R,5R)-2-(carbamoylamino)-1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— (4S,5S)-4-iodo-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C5H7IO2
    (4S,5S)-4-iodo-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S,6S,7R)-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carboxylic acid —— C10H14O5
    (1R,4R,5S,6S,7R)-7-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-carboxylic acid
    —— ethyl 2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C12H16O5
    ethyl 2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-(prop-2-ynoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— (2R)-2-(bromomethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid —— C6H7BrO4
    (2R)-2-(bromomethyl)-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R)-3-propanoyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3R)-3-propanoyloxolan-2-one
    —— ethyl (2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate —— C10H15BrO4
    ethyl (2R,3R,4S,5S)-5-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3Z,3aS,6aS)-3-[[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]oxymethylidene]-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C13H12O5
    (3Z,3aS,6aS)-3-[[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]oxymethylidene]-4,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one —— C5H8O5
    (3S,4S)-4-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-hydroxyoxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C6H7NO2
    (3R,5S)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H6O4
    (3S)-4-methylidene-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C6H7NO2
    (3R,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C6H7NO2
    (3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,4S,5S,6R,7R)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one —— C7H12O7
    (3S,4S,5S,6R,7R)-3,4,5,6,7-pentahydroxyoxocan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-propanoyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3S)-3-propanoyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3Z,4S)-4-methyl-3-[(4R)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C10H14O3
    (3Z,4S)-4-methyl-3-[(4R)-4-methyloxolan-2-ylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,3S,7S,9S,10R)-1,9-dimethyl-4-methylidene-6,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradecane-5,12-dione —— C15H20O4
    (1R,3S,7S,9S,10R)-1,9-dimethyl-4-methylidene-6,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.03,7]tetradecane-5,12-dione
    —— (1R,4R,4aS,6aR,9aS,9bR)-1,4,6a-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1,4a,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione —— C19H28O4
    (1R,4R,4aS,6aR,9aS,9bR)-1,4,6a-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1,4a,5,6,8,9,9a,9b-octahydrocyclopenta[f]isochromene-2,7-dione
    —— (5S)-5-ethoxyoxolane-2,3,4-trione —— C6H6O5
    (5S)-5-ethoxyoxolane-2,3,4-trione
    —— (4S,5R)-4-chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C10H17ClO2
    (4S,5R)-4-chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C10H17ClO2
    (4S,5S)-4-chloro-5-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,8R,12S)-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione —— C11H14O3
    (1R,4R,8R,12S)-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-3,9-dione
    —— ethyl (2S,3S)-4,5-dioxo-2-pentan-3-yloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C12H18O5
    ethyl (2S,3S)-4,5-dioxo-2-pentan-3-yloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O6
    (3S,5R)-3-hydroxy-5-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2S)-3-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide —— C13H18N4O3S2
    (2S)-3-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]-2-methyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)propanamide
    —— (3E)-3-[3-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]propoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C13H16O6
    (3E)-3-[3-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]propoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(1R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]prop-2-enoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H14O6
    (3S,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(E)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl]prop-2-enoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— [(1R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1R,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxetan-2-one —— C5H5F3O2
    (3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)oxetan-2-one