内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 10391-82-9 | C20H26O2 | |
| —— | (3aS)-5a-(α-hydroxy-isopropyl)-3c-methyl-(3ar,5aξ,9bt)-3a,4,5,5a,8,9b-hexahydro-3H-furo[2,3-f]chromene-2,7-dione | 107275-84-3 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (5aS,9aR)-8-isopropyl-5a,9a-dimethyl-2-oxo-decahydro-benzo[b]oxepin-7-yl ester | 10356-64-6 | C17H28O4 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-tetrahydro-5-carboxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one | 133710-35-7 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,7aS)-3a-Bromomethyl-3-oxo-1,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid | 104461-46-3 | C10H11BrO4 |
| —— | 3-(2-Oxooxan-3-yl)propyl acetate | 54394-89-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexamethyl-cyclohex-4-en-1,2-dicarbonsaeure-anhydrid | 3205-83-2 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | 6-bromo-3,3,6-trimethyl-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,7-dione | 854823-78-2 | C11H15BrO3 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-tert-Butyl-3-thiophen-2-yl-oxetan-2-one | 114059-27-7 | C11H14O2S |
| —— | 2-methyl-2-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-propionic acid | 5672-12-8 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | 3-{3,4-Dimethyl-1-[1-(3-methyl-5-oxo-3-vinyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-ethyl]-2-oxo-cyclohexyl}-propionic acid | 16128-17-9 | C20H30O5 |
| —— | (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(3-chlorophenyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1300699-00-6 | C11H10BrClO2 |
| —— | (3aS,6aR,9aS,9bR)-9b-Methoxymethyl-4,7-dimethyl-3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydro-benzo[de]chromene-2,9-dione | 104319-34-8 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | (1R,7R,8R,9R,11R)-9-ethenyl-8-hydroxy-4-[2-[(2R,4S)-5-hydroxy-4-methylhept-6-en-2-yl]-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl]-11-methyl-2,6-dioxatricyclo[5.2.2.01,5]undec-4-en-3-one | 903504-36-9 | C23H32O5S2 |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.4]octan-2-one | 125382-71-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (S)-5-Ethyl-5-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 403511-49-9 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | 3β,10α-dihydroxy-1αH,6αH,11α-guai-4-enolide | 175671-76-8 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | 3,3-Dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<3.6>decan-2-one | 125382-75-4 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 8α-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-4,5β-epoxy-6β7αH-eudesm-11-en-12,6-olide | 108692-21-3 | C21H34O4Si |
| —— | (2R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone | 103712-18-1 | C9H16O2 |
| —— | d3-2-methyl-butyric acid 8-{2-[4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 1002349-58-7 | C30H50O6Si |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aR)-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1591271-00-9 | C16H28O3Si |
| —— | 2,2-Dimethyl-propionic acid 2-[(1S,2R)-2-((1S,3aS,6aR)-3,6-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-yl)-2-methyl-cyclopentyl]-ethyl ester | 126019-47-4 | C20H30O5 |
| —— | (8Z)-8-tetradecen-5-olide | 1342307-14-5 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | Acetic acid 4-(6-methyl-heptanoyl)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethyl ester | 158522-72-6 | C15H24O5 |
| —— | 4-oxatricyclo<3.2.1.0<sup>2,8</sup>>octan-3-one | 58790-27-5 | C7H8O2 |
| —— | (3aR,7aR)-5-Iodo-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 104307-78-0 | C8H9IO2 |
| —— | 4-but-2-enyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 99097-73-1 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 6-chloro-3,3,6-trimethyl-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,7-dione | 854823-75-9 | C11H15ClO3 |
| —— | 6-Oxo-2,2-dimethyl-5-acetyltetrahydropyran | 90612-50-3 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (R)-4-(2-furyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-6-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1332645-35-8 | C16H11F3O3 |
| —— | 40335-63-5 | C10H11IO4 | |
| —— | 7-Butyl-1-hexyl-4a-hydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]pyran-3-one | 339291-55-3 | C20H36O3 |
| —— | 4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 3893-49-0 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 5-acetyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100960-25-6 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-6-[(Z)-hept-1-enyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one | 109519-26-8 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | 4,4,4-Trifluoro-3-methyl-butyric acid (1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl]-ethyl}-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl ester | 79902-47-9 | C30H47F3O5Si |
| —— | Coriamyrtin-norketon | 20071-36-7 | C14H16O6 |
| —— | 2-ethyl-2-methyl-3-phenyl-[1,3]oxarsolan-5-one | 67696-11-1 | C12H15AsO2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-5-iodomethyl-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86336-04-1 | C6H9IO3 |
| —— | (1R,5S,8R)-8-[(E)-(S)-3-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one | 87727-91-1 | C21H36O3Si |
| —— | α-Hydroxy-γ-propyl-butyrolacton | 13088-56-7 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 3-(2,6-dimethyl-hept-5-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one | 1082301-48-1 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 136786-47-5 | C22H28O3Si |
| —— | bicyclo<3.2.1>octane-6,3-carbolactone | 30244-07-6 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 4-aminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone hydrochloride | 132354-19-9 | C5H9NO2*ClH |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-4-{(E)-(S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5-[4-(trityl-amino)-phenyl]-pent-1-enyl}-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 117625-27-1 | C49H65NO4Si2 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]-N-[[(2S)-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]methyl]carbamate | 714972-41-5 | C15H25NO6 |
| —— | α-Aceto-α-(β'-butoxyethyl)-δ-ethoxy-γ-valerolacton | 10436-02-9 | C15H26O5 |
| —— | (3aR,6S,6aS,9aS,9bR)-3'-(4-fluorophenyl)-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethylspiro[4,5,6,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-3,5'-4H-1,2-oxazole]-2,9-dione | 1186630-20-5 | C22H22FNO5 |
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