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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (S)-5-((S)-1-bromo-3-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1384163-66-9 C9H15BrO2
    (S)-5-((S)-1-bromo-3-methylbutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,2S,13R,14S)-4,11-dioxatricyclo[12.2.1.02,13]heptadec-15-en-7-yne-3,12-dione 951697-40-8 C15H16O4
    (1R,2S,13R,14S)-4,11-dioxatricyclo[12.2.1.02,13]heptadec-15-en-7-yne-3,12-dione
    —— illicinolide B 143823-79-4 C16H24O9
    illicinolide B
    —— (3aR,6aR)-3a-prop-2-enyl-1,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3,4-dione 111086-21-6 C10H12O3
    (3aR,6aR)-3a-prop-2-enyl-1,5,6,6a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3,4-dione
    —— 3-butyl-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1041431-63-3 C10H18O2
    3-butyl-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (S)-5-[(S)-1-iodo-2-methylpropyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1415637-19-2 C8H13IO2
    (S)-5-[(S)-1-iodo-2-methylpropyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,5R,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 802912-06-7 C8H12O3
    (1R,5R,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (3aR,4S,8S,9S,9aS,9bR)-8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl acetate 953419-66-4 C16H22O5
    (3aR,4S,8S,9S,9aS,9bR)-8-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl acetate
    —— (R)-6-[(R)-1-iodo-2,2-dimethylpropyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1415637-31-8 C10H17IO2
    (R)-6-[(R)-1-iodo-2,2-dimethylpropyl]tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hexanal 159955-43-8 C16H30O4Si
    (R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hexanal
    —— 101480-11-9 C24H32O5
    —— 58832-51-2 C13H12O5
    —— (6S,7S,8R)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctan-2,4-dione 950479-24-0 C17H32O4Si
    (6S,7S,8R)-6-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-8-ethyl-3,7-dimethyl-1-oxacyclooctan-2,4-dione
    —— (4R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-[2-((1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 118682-46-5 C19H30O4
    (4R,6R)-4-Hydroxy-6-[2-((1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-ethyl]-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 2(R)-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyrolactone 130014-28-7 C6H10O2
    2(R)-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyrolactone
    —— ((E)-6-Hept-2-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 34727-34-9 C12H20O2
    ((E)-6-Hept-2-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-6-chloro-1-hydroxy-4,5-(isopropylidenedioxy)cyclohexane-1,3-carbolactone 863983-58-8 C10H13ClO5
    (1S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-6-chloro-1-hydroxy-4,5-(isopropylidenedioxy)cyclohexane-1,3-carbolactone
    —— (2S,3R,5R)-methyl 3-(iodomethyl)-2,5-dimethyl-5-vinyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate 1002114-45-5 C11H17IO3
    (2S,3R,5R)-methyl 3-(iodomethyl)-2,5-dimethyl-5-vinyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate
    —— cis dimethyl-3,3 tertiobutyl-8 oxa-2 spiro<4,5>decanone-1 91704-55-1 C15H26O2
    cis dimethyl-3,3 tertiobutyl-8 oxa-2 spiro<4,5>decanone-1
    —— α-Valeryl-γ-butyrolacton 23938-82-1 C9H14O3
    α-Valeryl-γ-butyrolacton
    —— 6-butyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 54494-81-4 C10H18O2
    6-butyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— trans-2-(2,2-bis(methylthio)ethyl)-2,3-dimethyl-5-pentanolide 114199-54-1 C11H20O2S2
    trans-2-(2,2-bis(methylthio)ethyl)-2,3-dimethyl-5-pentanolide
    —— 1448230-45-2 C10H15IO4
    —— 6-bromo-2,6-dideoxy-D-ribo-hexono-1,4-lactone 109986-35-8 C6H9BrO4
    6-bromo-2,6-dideoxy-D-ribo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— 5-bromo-1-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one 1410839-98-3 C26H31BrO5Si
    5-bromo-1-(((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-7-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-8-one
    —— 3-(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one 72806-86-1 C10H16O3
    3-(1-Hydroxy-ethyl)-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one
    —— 8-pentyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 70855-28-6 C12H20O2
    8-pentyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— (1R,7R)-4-Oxa-tricyclo[5.3.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dodec-11-en-3-one 54566-25-5 C11H14O2
    (1R,7R)-4-Oxa-tricyclo[5.3.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dodec-11-en-3-one
    —— γ,δ-Decamethylen-δ-valerolacton 15210-28-3 C15H26O2
    γ,δ-Decamethylen-δ-valerolacton
    —— 4,5-dihydroxy-2-isopropyl-valeric acid-4-lactone 61837-28-3 C8H14O3
    4,5-dihydroxy-2-isopropyl-valeric acid-4-lactone
    —— (1S,6R)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.4.0>decane-3,8-dione 130417-15-1 C10H14O3
    (1S,6R)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.4.0>decane-3,8-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methoxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one 1092077-36-5 C8H14O4
    (4R,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methoxy-4-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4aR,6aS,7R,10aS,10bS)-7,9-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,6a,7,8,10a,10b-decahydro-benzo[c]chromen-6-one 126538-25-8 C15H22O2
    (4aR,6aS,7R,10aS,10bS)-7,9-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,6a,7,8,10a,10b-decahydro-benzo[c]chromen-6-one
    —— 4-<(3)H>-6-aminohexanoic acid 1,4-lactone hydrochloride 137494-28-1 C6H11NO2*ClH
    4-<(3)H>-6-aminohexanoic acid 1,4-lactone hydrochloride
    —— (1R,2R,6S,7R,11S,13R)-7-[(2R)-2-(furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-2,2'-oxirane]-8-one 133586-19-3 C20H26O6
    (1R,2R,6S,7R,11S,13R)-7-[(2R)-2-(furan-3-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-11-hydroxy-13-methylspiro[9-oxatricyclo[5.3.3.01,6]tridecane-2,2'-oxirane]-8-one
    —— {4-Oxo-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-yl}methanesulfonyl chloride 1936003-12-1 C7H9ClO4S
    {4-Oxo-5-oxaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-yl}methanesulfonyl chloride
    —— (5S,6R)-6-((1S,3R)-3-[1,3]Dithian-2-yl-1-methoxy-butyl)-5-methoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 137298-88-5 C15H26O4S2
    (5S,6R)-6-((1S,3R)-3-[1,3]Dithian-2-yl-1-methoxy-butyl)-5-methoxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-(6-Ethoxy-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-2-yl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 81925-54-4 C13H20O4
    5-(6-Ethoxy-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyran-2-yl)-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 4-iodomethyl-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 671786-62-2 C7H11IO2
    4-iodomethyl-3,3-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 81086-10-4 C12H16O3
    —— 143121-53-3 C17H23NO4
    —— 5-Hept-2-ynyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 56407-86-4 C11H16O2
    5-Hept-2-ynyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-6-chloro-1,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1,3-carbolactone 863983-56-6 C13H23ClO5Si
    (1S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-6-chloro-1,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1,3-carbolactone
    —— (5R, 6S)-6-endo-dimethoxymethyl-7-exomethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>-3-octanone 108377-13-5 C11H18O4
    (5R, 6S)-6-endo-dimethoxymethyl-7-exomethyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>-3-octanone
    —— (1'R,2S,3R)-2-(2'-methylenecyclohexyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde 517867-54-8 C12H16O3
    (1'R,2S,3R)-2-(2'-methylenecyclohexyl)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R<sup>*</sup>,4R<sup>*</sup>)-(+/-)-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentanolide 78148-69-3 C7H12O2
    (3R<sup>*</sup>,4R<sup>*</sup>)-(+/-)-3,4-dimethyl-5-pentanolide
    —— (+)-(3aS,5S,5aR,9aR,9bS)-1,2,5,5a,6,7,9a,9b-Octahydro-6,6,9a-trimethyl-5-(phenylselenyl)naphtho<2,1-b>furan-4(3aH)-one 137330-36-0 C21H26O2Se
    (+)-(3aS,5S,5aR,9aR,9bS)-1,2,5,5a,6,7,9a,9b-Octahydro-6,6,9a-trimethyl-5-(phenylselenyl)naphtho<2,1-b>furan-4(3aH)-one
    —— 1-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one, 4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-6-[(triethylsilyl)oxy]-,(4S,5R,6S)- 496050-96-5 C22H36O3Si2
    1-Oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one, 4-(dimethylphenylsilyl)-6-[(triethylsilyl)oxy]-,(4S,5R,6S)-
    —— (4S,5S)-3-But-2-yn-(E)-ylidene-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 342386-03-2 C11H14O4
    (4S,5S)-3-But-2-yn-(E)-ylidene-4-methoxymethoxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3,3,4,4-Di-pentamethylen-γ-butyrolacton 57479-54-6 C14H22O2
    3,3,4,4-Di-pentamethylen-γ-butyrolacton