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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,4-bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)-3-butene-3-olide 109907-08-6 C4H2F10O2S2
    2,4-bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)-3-butene-3-olide
    —— trans-Cyclopentano-γ-lacton —— C7H10O2
    trans-Cyclopentano-γ-lacton
    —— 3-(Z)-chloroethylidene-4S-chloromethyl-5R-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 169131-87-7 C13H12Cl2O2
    3-(Z)-chloroethylidene-4S-chloromethyl-5R-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3R,5S-3-Benzyl-5-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon 150407-67-3 C12H14O3
    3R,5S-3-Benzyl-5-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon
    —— dihydro-5(S)-<<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3(R)-(phenylmethyl)-3(2H)-furanone 172649-42-2 C18H28O3Si
    dihydro-5(S)-<<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-3(R)-(phenylmethyl)-3(2H)-furanone
    —— cis-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 43119-29-5 C7H10O2
    cis-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 1-tert-butyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-dione 185420-77-3 C11H16O4
    1-tert-butyl-2,8-dioxabicyclo-[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-dione
    —— 4-(3,3-Dimethyl-2-oxobutyl)oxane-2,6-dione 185420-78-4 C11H16O4
    4-(3,3-Dimethyl-2-oxobutyl)oxane-2,6-dione
    —— (5S,8S,10R)-5,8-Dihydroxy-10-pentyl-2,7-oxecanedione 1637438-24-4 C14H24O5
    (5S,8S,10R)-5,8-Dihydroxy-10-pentyl-2,7-oxecanedione
    —— δ-nonanolactone 16429-09-7 C9H16O2
    δ-nonanolactone
    —— trans-dihydro-5-phenyl-4-(carbomethoxy)-2(3H)-furanone —— C12H12O4
    trans-dihydro-5-phenyl-4-(carbomethoxy)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 28274-28-4 C7H10O4
    2-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (S)-β-methanesulfonyloxy-γ-butyrolactone 174302-47-7 C5H8O5S
    (S)-β-methanesulfonyloxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— dihydrosterepolide 79380-67-9 C15H18O4
    dihydrosterepolide
    —— 6-(6-Bromopyridine-2-yl)methyl-tetrahydropyran-2one 116897-11-1 C11H12BrNO2
    6-(6-Bromopyridine-2-yl)methyl-tetrahydropyran-2one
    —— [(1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate 133805-99-9 C29H48O6Si
    [(1S,3S,7S,8S,8aR)-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 4-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-γ-butyrolactone 134359-15-2 C11H18O2
    4-methyl-4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-allyl-β-hydroxybutyrolactone 87683-11-2 C7H10O3
    α-allyl-β-hydroxybutyrolactone
    —— (4R,5R)-4-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2-methylhexan-5-olide 263881-01-2 C12H21NO4
    (4R,5R)-4-t-butoxycarbonylamino-2-methylhexan-5-olide
    —— tert-butyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbamate 191013-83-9 C11H19NO4
    tert-butyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylcarbamate
    —— sodium salt of (Z)-3-(hydroxymethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C5H5O3*Na
    sodium salt of (Z)-3-(hydroxymethylene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-(N-t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-cyclohexylethyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 125015-95-4 C20H35NO5
    (3S,5S)-5-[(1S)-1-(N-t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-cyclohexylethyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (5S)-5-[(1S)-1-(N-t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-cyclohexylethyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 112227-09-5 C17H29NO4
    (5S)-5-[(1S)-1-(N-t-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-cyclohexylethyl]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[(1S)-2-cyclohexyl-1-[(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]ethyl]carbamate 123580-22-3 C20H35NO4
    tert-butyl N-[(1S)-2-cyclohexyl-1-[(2S,4R)-5-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolan-2-yl]ethyl]carbamate
    —— (+/-)-lisenolide A2 79980-79-3 C17H28O3
    (+/-)-lisenolide A2
    —— (+/-)-litsenolide B2 79980-80-6 C17H26O3
    (+/-)-litsenolide B2
    —— (Z)-α-ethylidene-γ-butyrolactone 43142-59-2 C6H8O2
    (Z)-α-ethylidene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-ethylidenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone 43142-58-1 C6H8O2
    3-ethylidenedihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 32475-72-2 C7H12O2
    3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3-isobutylglutaric anhydride 179548-53-9 C9H14O3
    3-isobutylglutaric anhydride
    —— 4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-heptadecafluorononyl)-γ-butyrolactone 82497-72-1 C13H7F17O2
    4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-heptadecafluorononyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-({[(tert-butyl)(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-5-{[(tert-butyl)(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-3,3a,5,5,6,6a-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1395618-63-9 C30H44O4Si2
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-({[(tert-butyl)(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-5-{[(tert-butyl)(diphenyl)silyl]oxy}-3,3a,5,5,6,6a-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-((R)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-phenylpentyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1240483-21-9 C30H52O4Si2
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-((R)-3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-5-phenylpentyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-4-((E)-3-oxo-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1395619-06-3 C34H38O4Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-4-((E)-3-oxo-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-4-((S,E)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1395619-12-1 C34H40O4Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-4-((S,E)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-<(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1-pentyl>-7(R)-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one 145773-21-3 C18H24O4
    (1S,5R,6R,7R)-6-<(3R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1-pentyl>-7(R)-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one
    —— (4S,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-undecyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 905711-29-7 C22H44O3Si
    (4S,6R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-undecyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-hexahydro-5-triethylsilyoxy-4-[5-phenyl-(3R)-3-triethylsilyloxy-pentanyl]-2H-cyclopenta[β]furan-2-one 477884-73-4 C30H52O4Si2
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-hexahydro-5-triethylsilyoxy-4-[5-phenyl-(3R)-3-triethylsilyloxy-pentanyl]-2H-cyclopenta[β]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-hexyl-3-trimethylsilyl-4-<(R)-2'-hydroxytridecyl>-2-oxetanone 161370-83-8 C25H50O3Si
    (3R,4S)-3-hexyl-3-trimethylsilyl-4-<(R)-2'-hydroxytridecyl>-2-oxetanone
    —— (6R)-3-hexyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2-one —— C22H42O3
    (6R)-3-hexyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-((R)-2-(triisopropylsilyloxy)tridecyl)oxetan-2-one 296242-39-2 C31H62O3Si
    (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-((R)-2-(triisopropylsilyloxy)tridecyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (4S,6S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-undecyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one 250138-60-4 C22H44O3Si
    (4S,6S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-undecyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (6R)-3-hexyl-5,6-dihydro-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione 112836-64-3 C22H40O3
    (6R)-3-hexyl-5,6-dihydro-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— (4S,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-undecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 250138-59-1 C16H30O3
    (4S,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-undecyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— sphaeropsidin A 38991-80-9 C20H26O5
    sphaeropsidin A
    —— (±)-4-hydroxymethyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 172843-34-4 C7H10O3
    (±)-4-hydroxymethyl-4-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S,6S)-6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 90290-47-4 C9H16O2
    (3S,5S,6S)-6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— D-<i>glycero</i>-D-<i>manno</i>-heptonic acid-4-lactone 5329-44-2 C7H12O7
    D-<i>glycero</i>-D-<i>manno</i>-heptonic acid-4-lactone
    —— D-altrono-1,4-lactone 83602-36-2 C6H10O6
    D-altrono-1,4-lactone
    —— 4-mercapto-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 19895-33-1 C4H6O2S
    4-mercapto-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone