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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Tetrahydrofuran-2-one, 3-[1-fluoroethyl]-5-[[2-hydroxypropyl]benzeneethyl- —— C17H23FO3
    Tetrahydrofuran-2-one, 3-[1-fluoroethyl]-5-[[2-hydroxypropyl]benzeneethyl-
    —— 3-(ethoxymethylidene)-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C10H14O4
    3-(ethoxymethylidene)-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-5,6,6-tricarbonitrile, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo- —— C10H7N3O2
    3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-5,6,6-tricarbonitrile, 2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-
    —— 3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C10H15NO3
    3-(dimethylaminomethylidene)-6,6-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-5-methoxy-4-(2-methyl-3-methylene-1-buten-4-yl)- —— C11H16O3
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-5-methoxy-4-(2-methyl-3-methylene-1-buten-4-yl)-
    —— d-Galactono-1,4-lactone, 2,3-bis(diethylboryl)oxy-5,6-O-(ethylboranediyl)- —— C16H31B3O6
    d-Galactono-1,4-lactone, 2,3-bis(diethylboryl)oxy-5,6-O-(ethylboranediyl)-
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-3-methoxy-4-(2-methyl-1-propen-3-yl)-, trans- —— C9H14O3
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-3-methoxy-4-(2-methyl-1-propen-3-yl)-, trans-
    —— 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-4-(2-methyl-3-methylene-1-buten-4-yl)- —— C11H16O2
    2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-4-(2-methyl-3-methylene-1-buten-4-yl)-
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-5-methoxy-4-(2,3-dimethyl-2-buten-4-yl)- —— C11H18O3
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4,5-dihydro-5-methoxy-4-(2,3-dimethyl-2-buten-4-yl)-
    —— N-(5-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-acetamide —— C7H11NO3
    N-(5-Oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethyl)-acetamide
    —— 3-[1-[2-[1-(2,4-dioxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione —— C14H16N2O6
    3-[1-[2-[1-(2,4-dioxooxolan-3-ylidene)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethylidene]oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— Guaia-1(10),11-dien-15,2-olide —— C15H20O2
    Guaia-1(10),11-dien-15,2-olide
    —— Mevalonic lactone, trimethylsilyl —— C9H18O3Si
    Mevalonic lactone, trimethylsilyl
    —— 11-Hexyl-oxacycloundecan-2-one —— C16H30O2
    11-Hexyl-oxacycloundecan-2-one
    —— 5-Hydroxy-nonadecanoic, delta-lactone —— C19H36O2
    5-Hydroxy-nonadecanoic, delta-lactone
    —— 4-Hydroxy-nonadecanoic, gamma-lactone —— C19H36O2
    4-Hydroxy-nonadecanoic, gamma-lactone
    —— Xylonic acid, 2,3,4-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, delta-lactone, D- —— C14H32O5Si3
    Xylonic acid, 2,3,4-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, delta-lactone, D-
    —— 5-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H16O3Si
    5-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxyoxolan-2-one
    —— 2-Deoxytetronic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C7H14O3Si
    2-Deoxytetronic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— 4-trimethylsilyloxy-5-(1-trimethylsilyloxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C12H26O4Si2
    4-trimethylsilyloxy-5-(1-trimethylsilyloxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— Idonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, lactone —— C18H42O6Si4
    Idonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, lactone
    —— 3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-5-(1-trimethylsilyloxyethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H34O5Si3
    3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-5-(1-trimethylsilyloxyethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— D-Ribonic acid, 2-C-methyl-2,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, lactone —— C15H34O5Si3
    D-Ribonic acid, 2-C-methyl-2,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, lactone
    —— Arabino-Hexonic acid, 2-deoxy-3,5,6-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, gamma-lactone —— C15H34O5Si3
    Arabino-Hexonic acid, 2-deoxy-3,5,6-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-, gamma-lactone
    —— Threono-1,4-lactone, bis-TMS —— C10H22O4Si2
    Threono-1,4-lactone, bis-TMS
    —— 3-methyl-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-one —— C11H24O4Si2
    3-methyl-3,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-trimethylsilyloxy-5-(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H24O4Si2
    3-trimethylsilyloxy-5-(trimethylsilyloxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— D-threo-Pentonic acid, 3-deoxy-2,5-bis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-2-C-[[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl]-, lactone —— C15H34O5Si3
    D-threo-Pentonic acid, 3-deoxy-2,5-bis-O-(trimethylsilyl)-2-C-[[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl]-, lactone
    —— 3,6-dideoxy-arabino-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS —— C12H26O4Si2
    3,6-dideoxy-arabino-hexonic acid, 1,4-lactone, TMS
    —— Hexanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-, beta-lactone —— C8H14O2
    Hexanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-, beta-lactone
    —— 4-isopropyl-3,3-dimethyl-oxetan-2-one 7227-96-5 C8H14O2
    4-isopropyl-3,3-dimethyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-Camphoric anhydride —— C10H14O3
    (+/-)-Camphoric anhydride
    —— Methyl 2-((1S,8R)-1,6,8-trimethyl-3-oxa-2-oxotricyclo[6.3.1.0<4,12>]dodec-5-en-7-yl)acetate —— C17H24O4
    Methyl 2-((1S,8R)-1,6,8-trimethyl-3-oxa-2-oxotricyclo[6.3.1.0<4,12>]dodec-5-en-7-yl)acetate
    —— 2-((1S,7S,8R)-1,6,8-Trimethyl-3-oxa-2-oxotricyclo[6.3.1.0<4,12>]dodec-5-en-7-yl)ethanal —— C16H22O3
    2-((1S,7S,8R)-1,6,8-Trimethyl-3-oxa-2-oxotricyclo[6.3.1.0<4,12>]dodec-5-en-7-yl)ethanal
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-icos-11-ynyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C50H86O6
    4-Hydroxy-3-icos-11-ynyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 6H-3,6a-Methano-4H-naphtho[2,1-c]oxocin-4-one, 13-[(acetyloxy)methyl]dodecahydro-9,9,12a-trimethyl-, (3R,6aS,8aS,12aS,13R)- —— C22H34O4
    6H-3,6a-Methano-4H-naphtho[2,1-c]oxocin-4-one, 13-[(acetyloxy)methyl]dodecahydro-9,9,12a-trimethyl-, (3R,6aS,8aS,12aS,13R)-
    —— 6H-3,6a-Methano-4H-naphtho[2,1-c]oxocin-4-one, dodecahydro-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,9,12a-trimethyl-, (3R,6aS,8aS,12aS,13R)- —— C20H32O3
    6H-3,6a-Methano-4H-naphtho[2,1-c]oxocin-4-one, dodecahydro-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9,9,12a-trimethyl-, (3R,6aS,8aS,12aS,13R)-
    —— 5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethylidene]-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C19H34O4Si
    5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]ethylidene]-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— Propan-2-yl 8-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-5-oxo-9-(2-phenylcyclohexyl)oxy-2,6,10-trioxa-1-azatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane-3-carboxylate —— C31H39NO7Si
    Propan-2-yl 8-[dimethyl(phenyl)silyl]-5-oxo-9-(2-phenylcyclohexyl)oxy-2,6,10-trioxa-1-azatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane-3-carboxylate
    —— 3-(1-Ethoxy-ethoxy)-4,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C10H18O4
    3-(1-Ethoxy-ethoxy)-4,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C18H32O4Si
    5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxymethylidene]-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(2-methylenehept-6-ynyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C13H18O3
    4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-(2-methylenehept-6-ynyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one —— C6H10O4
    4-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— 2-[bis(2-oxonioethyl)amino]ethyloxidanium;(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxidanium;germane —— C12H33GeNO6+4
    2-[bis(2-oxonioethyl)amino]ethyloxidanium;(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)oxidanium;germane
    —— 2-(8'-Iodo-3'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane]-5'-yl)acetaldehyde —— C12H15IO5
    2-(8'-Iodo-3'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,6'-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane]-5'-yl)acetaldehyde
    —— (4-oxo-2-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl)methyl acetate —— C14H14O6
    (4-oxo-2-phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-6-yl)methyl acetate
    —— 6-Ethoxy-3-phenyl-6,6a-dihydrofuro[3,4-d]isoxazol-4(3aH)-one —— C13H13NO4
    6-Ethoxy-3-phenyl-6,6a-dihydrofuro[3,4-d]isoxazol-4(3aH)-one
    —— 2-(4-Oxo-3-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-10-yl)acetic acid —— C11H16O4
    2-(4-Oxo-3-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-10-yl)acetic acid
    —— 10-Phenyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.1.04,12]dodeca-1(11),7-dien-2-one —— C17H16O2
    10-Phenyl-3-oxatricyclo[5.4.1.04,12]dodeca-1(11),7-dien-2-one
    —— 2,6,8-Trihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-11-methylidene-9-pentan-2-yloxy-4,13-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.03,5]tridecan-12-one —— C19H30O7
    2,6,8-Trihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-11-methylidene-9-pentan-2-yloxy-4,13-dioxatricyclo[8.3.0.03,5]tridecan-12-one