内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 5-(3-chlorophenyl)oxepan-2-one | 1402080-53-8 | C12H13ClO2 |
| —— | 6-allyl-3,3-dimethyl-5-oxononanolide | 77014-36-9 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R)-4-ethynyl-3-methyl-5-pentyloxolan-2-one | 185246-64-4 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-7,7,9,10-tetramethyl-1,4,4a,7-tetrahydro-1,4-ethano-pyrano[4,3-c]pyran-3,5-dione | 106591-89-3 | C14H18O5 |
| —— | (2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]furan-8a-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester | 854450-20-7 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 2-bromo-2-deoxy-L-threono-1,4-lactone | 117859-49-1 | C4H5BrO3 |
| —— | (1S,2S,3S,6S,7R,9R)-2-Iodo-5-oxo-4,8-dioxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 70400-52-1 | C9H9IO5 |
| —— | (R)-6-(1S,2S)-2-((hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one | 284662-66-4 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 6(S)-{2(Z)-[4-bromo-2(S)-hydroxy-2-(1(R)-hydroxy-5-phenyl-pentyl)-5-oxo-cyclopent-3-enylidene]-1(R)-hydroxy-ethyl}-tetrahydropyran-2-one | 753497-80-2 | C23H27BrO6 |
| —— | 1362110-66-4 | C17H22O7 | |
| —— | des-acetyl-cochleamycin A | 619332-65-9 | C19H24O5 |
| —— | 4-(6-Isocyanatohexyliden)-3-(5-isocyanatopentyl)-2-oxetanon | 105251-77-2 | C16H22N2O4 |
| —— | 3-furfurylidene-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one | 135299-31-9 | C10H10O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-2'ξ,5',5',6'<i>c</i>,8'a-pentamethyl-(2ξ<i>O</i>,4'a<i>r</i>,8'a<i>t</i>)-decahydro-spiro[furan-2,1'-naphthalen]-5-one | 110146-37-7 | C18H30O2 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-6-pentyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 106361-72-2 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | 3b,4,4,7a-tetramethyl-1-H-decahydroindeno<1,2-c>furan-3-one | 128443-46-9 | C15H24O2 |
| —— | (1R,4S)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (3E,5E)-(1R,2S)-1-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-hepta-3,5-dienyl ester | 171230-72-1 | C24H35NO5 |
| —— | (R)-6-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 130258-53-6 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (1S,3R,6R,7R,12S)-2,2,6-Trimethyl-11-oxa-tricyclo[5.4.1.0<sup>3,12</sup>]dodecan-10-one | 80717-57-3 | C14H22O2 |
| —— | Bromo-thioacetic acid S-(3,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl) ester | 118534-95-5 | C9H13BrO3S |
| —— | 2-<5-Methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl>-essigsaeure-ethylester | 1132-07-6 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (1α,2β,5β,6α)-3-oxa-7,8-diazatricyclo<4.3.0.0<sup>2,5</sup>>non-7-en-4-one | 105252-61-7 | C6H6N2O2 |
| —— | 6-endo-hydroxy-3-exo-nitro-5-exo-tetrahydropyranyloxy-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-2-endo-carboxylic acid γ-lactone | 75467-04-8 | C12H15NO7 |
| —— | 5-(carboxymethyl)-5-deoxy-8-hydroxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-oxo-α-L-ido-heptofuranose 5,8-lactone | 99655-64-8 | C11H16O6 |
| —— | (2S,5S,6S)-2-[2-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-6-ethyl-5-methyl-[1,3]dioxan-4-one | 250328-23-5 | C25H34O4Si |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-phenylhept-1-en-4-yl (1S)-3-oxo-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>heptane-1-carboxylate | 140438-81-9 | C23H30O4 |
| —— | 2,5-di-O-allyl-L-mannaro-1,4:3,6-di-γ-lactone | 654072-02-3 | C12H14O6 |
| —— | (+/-)-5,5,9a-trimethyl-(3a<i>r</i>,4a<i>c</i>,8a<i>c</i>,9a<i>c</i>)-octahydro-3<i>t</i>,8<i>t</i>-cyclo-furo[2,3-<i>g</i>]isochromene-2,7-dione | 106591-79-1 | C14H18O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,9aS,9bR)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 1294513-67-9 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6S,6aR)-5,5-Difluoro-4-hydroxy-6-iodo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 73347-03-2 | C7H7F2IO3 |
| —— | (1S,2R,4aR,5R,8aR)-2′,5′,8′a-trimethyl-spiro[furan-2(5H),1′(2′H)-decahydronaphthalen]-5-oxo-5′-carboxylic acid | 1519040-73-3 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | 1582740-84-8 | C15H25BrO3Si | |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6aR)-4-Octyl-2,6-dioxo-hexahydro-furo[3,4-b]furan-3-carboxylic acid | 26191-78-6 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | 9b-(methoxymethyl)-7-methyl-3,3a,6,6a,9a,9b-hexahydrobenzo[de]chromene-2,9-dione | 104265-18-1 | C15H18O4 |
| —— | (1S,7R,12R)-7-(furan-3-yl)-12-(methoxymethoxy)-9-methyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,8]heptadeca-2,4(8),9,13-tetraene-5,15-dione | 1538596-66-5 | C22H20O7 |
| —— | α-(1,1-dicyanohexyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 666738-98-3 | C11H14N2O2 |
| —— | 1β-hydroxyl-2-noreudesm-4(15)-en-5α,6β,7α,11αH-12,6-olide | 1198423-33-4 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | rel-(3aS,6R,7aS)-6-(methoxymethoxymethyl)-3,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzo<b>furan-2,4-dione | 92463-78-0 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (S)-γ-[4-3H1,4-2H1]butyrolactone | 1035846-00-4 | C4H6O2 |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyldihydro(2-13C)furan-2-one | 135102-79-3 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 2,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone | 158603-79-3 | C6H9FO4 |
| —— | α-(1,1-dicyanohexyl)-γ-valerolactone | 666738-99-4 | C12H16N2O2 |
| —— | (1R,7R,14R)-7-(furan-3-yl)-9-methyl-6,16-dioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.01,14.04,8]heptadeca-2,4(8),9,11-tetraene-5,15-dione | 1538596-78-9 | C20H16O5 |
| —— | (3E)-dihydro-3-(iodomethylidene)-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone | 136021-07-3 | C11H9IO2 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,8-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9b-octahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 118304-48-6 | C19H24O5 |
| —— | (1R,5R,6R)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 802911-66-6 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-propionyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1342897-27-1 | C15H18O3 |
| —— | 77521-46-1 | C20H26O8 | |
| —— | 124212-64-2 | C20H28O5 | |
| —— | (1R,6R)-2-Oxa-tricyclo[4.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]undecan-3-one | 68157-80-2 | C10H14O2 |
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