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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one 106296-45-1 C6H10O5
    (3R,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione 111725-02-1 C6H4F4O3
    3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione 108221-63-2 C11H9FO3
    3-Fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (E)-2-(1-methoxy-1-phenylmethylidene)-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 131067-17-9 C13H14O3
    (E)-2-(1-methoxy-1-phenylmethylidene)-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-dimethyl-D-ribonic acid-4-lactone 68086-77-1 C7H12O5
    <i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-dimethyl-D-ribonic acid-4-lactone
    —— (E)-2-(1-methoxyethylidene)-γ-butyrolactone 101948-68-9 C7H10O3
    (E)-2-(1-methoxyethylidene)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (E)-3-(1-methoxypropylidene)-dihydrofuran-2-one 131067-14-6 C8H12O3
    (E)-3-(1-methoxypropylidene)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonyl chloride 131953-18-9 C5H5ClO3
    5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonyl chloride
    —— (3S,4S)-4-Bromo-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one 117858-88-5 C4H5BrO3
    (3S,4S)-4-Bromo-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (-)-(S)-4-hexyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 123975-94-0 C10H18O2
    (-)-(S)-4-hexyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 8-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 90199-10-3 C8H12O2
    8-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one 19893-77-7 C9H14O2
    (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-4-(benzyloxymethoxy)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1159174-83-0 C20H32O6Si
    (3R,4S,5S)-4-(benzyloxymethoxy)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)methyl)-3-methoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-5-((benzyloxy)methoxy)-4-(((benzyloxy)methoxy)methyl)-hexahydrocyclo pentafuran-2-one 1328921-48-7 C24H28O6
    (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-5-((benzyloxy)methoxy)-4-(((benzyloxy)methoxy)methyl)-hexahydrocyclo pentafuran-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-(4'-methyl-3'-pentenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one 122624-85-5 C11H18O3
    (4S,5R)-5-(4'-methyl-3'-pentenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethynyl)oxolan-2-one 179093-53-9 C12H10O3
    (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethynyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethynyl)oxolan-2-one 178977-50-9 C12H10O3
    (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethynyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [1R,4S,5S,6S,4(1'S)]-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)propyl-1'-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-66-0 C19H25NO4
    [1R,4S,5S,6S,4(1'S)]-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)propyl-1'-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [1R,4S,5S,6S,4(1'S)]-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)propyl-1'-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-38-6 C19H25NO4
    [1R,4S,5S,6S,4(1'S)]-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)propyl-1'-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [1R,4S,5S,6S,4(1'S)]-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)aziridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-65-9 C18H21NO4
    [1R,4S,5S,6S,4(1'S)]-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)aziridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)aziridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-36-4 C18H21NO4
    2-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)aziridine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)-2',2'-dimethyloxazolidine-3'-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-32-0 C21H27NO5
    4'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)-2',2'-dimethyloxazolidine-3'-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [1R,4S,5S,6S,4(1'S)]-[2'-hydroxy-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-73-9 C18H23NO5
    [1R,4S,5S,6S,4(1'S)]-[2'-hydroxy-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 4'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)-2',2'-dimethyloxazolidine-3'-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-63-7 C21H27NO5
    4'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)-2',2'-dimethyloxazolidine-3'-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)propyl-1'-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-17-1 C19H25NO4
    1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)propyl-1'-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [2'-hydroxy-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 331821-75-1 C18H23NO5
    [2'-hydroxy-1'-(4-oxo-3-oxa-6-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)ethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 5-cyclohexyl-5-pentanolide 15972-18-6 C11H18O2
    5-cyclohexyl-5-pentanolide
    —— cis-4,5-dimethoxyoxan-2-one 3206-94-8 C7H12O4
    cis-4,5-dimethoxyoxan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-[(E)-ethylidene]dihydrofuran-2(5H)-one 57025-60-2 C7H10O2
    5-methyl-3-[(E)-ethylidene]dihydrofuran-2(5H)-one
    —— teucroxylepin 133586-19-3 C20H26O6
    teucroxylepin
    —— teucjaponin A 81422-44-8 C22H28O7
    teucjaponin A
    —— (5-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyltetrahydropyran-3-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester 671247-40-8 C16H23O5P
    (5-methyl-2-oxo-5-phenyltetrahydropyran-3-yl)phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— (1R,7S)-4-(prop-2'-enyloxy)-3,5,8-trioxa-4λ<sup>5</sup>-phosphabicyclo<5.3.0>decan-4,9-dione 224434-47-3 C9H13O6P
    (1R,7S)-4-(prop-2'-enyloxy)-3,5,8-trioxa-4λ<sup>5</sup>-phosphabicyclo<5.3.0>decan-4,9-dione
    —— (4R,5S)-4-<allyloxy(diisopropylamino)phosphinoxymethyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 224434-43-9 C15H28NO5P
    (4R,5S)-4-<allyloxy(diisopropylamino)phosphinoxymethyl>-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-<allyloxy(diisopropylamino)phosphinoxymethyl>-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 224434-41-7 C21H42NO5PSi
    (4R,5S)-4-<allyloxy(diisopropylamino)phosphinoxymethyl>-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— [2-2H]-(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 10379-45-0 C6H10O3
    [2-2H]-(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— [2-2H]-(3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 10379-46-1 C6H10O3
    [2-2H]-(3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-2-oxo-5-triethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde 186794-83-2 C14H24O4Si
    (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-2-oxo-5-triethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-4-[(E,3R)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-5-triethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 186794-91-2 C21H38O4Si
    (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-4-[(E,3R)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-5-triethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-4-[(E)-3-oxooct-1-enyl]-5-triethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 186794-86-5 C21H36O4Si
    (3aS,4R,5S,6aR)-4-[(E)-3-oxooct-1-enyl]-5-triethylsilyloxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (R)-7-benzyloxacycloheptan-2-one 159690-58-1 C13H16O2
    (R)-7-benzyloxacycloheptan-2-one
    —— 3,5-dideoxy-D-xylo-heptono-1,4-lactone 177422-49-0 C7H12O5
    3,5-dideoxy-D-xylo-heptono-1,4-lactone
    —— (1R-(1α,5α,6α))-6-(2-propyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 149859-30-3 C8H12O2
    (1R-(1α,5α,6α))-6-(2-propyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (-)-1-O-Methylsweroside aglucon 51884-84-5 C11H14O4
    (-)-1-O-Methylsweroside aglucon
    —— 11βH,13-dihydro-13-dimethylaminomicheliolide hydrochloride 1403357-80-1 C17H27NO3*ClH
    11βH,13-dihydro-13-dimethylaminomicheliolide hydrochloride
    —— pentalenolactone F 85416-36-0 C15H18O5
    pentalenolactone F
    —— (2S,4R)-5-(t-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-2-fluoropentan-4-olide 202272-27-3 C21H25FO3Si
    (2S,4R)-5-(t-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-2-fluoropentan-4-olide
    —— (1S,3S,5S)-4-bromo-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one 203632-81-9 C8H11BrO2
    (1S,3S,5S)-4-bromo-4-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— 8-Methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>dec-7-en-2-one 135974-79-7 C10H14O2
    8-Methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>dec-7-en-2-one
    —— 4,8-Dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one 94607-50-8 C11H18O2
    4,8-Dimethyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one