内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1′R,5R)-5-{1′-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2′-(hydroxy)ethyl}-3H,5H-furan-2-one | 266345-90-8 | C12H24O4Si |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-Chloro-5-chloromethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 53558-90-0 | C5H6Cl2O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[(1E,3S)-3-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilanyloxy)-oct-1-enyl]-5-hydroxy-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 137563-95-2 | C21H38O4Si |
| —— | 7a-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(6H)-one | 1627214-44-1 | C15H13BrO2 |
| —— | 1280640-51-8 | C11H15NO2 | |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (1R,2R,5R,8S)-8-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-yl ester | 65825-60-7 | C8H9BrO5S |
| —— | (1S,4S,7R,8R,9R)-7-Methyl-2-oxa-tricyclo[6.4.0.0<sup>4,9</sup>]dodecane-3,10-dione | 66278-33-9 | C12H16O3 |
| —— | 67662-57-1 | C21H24O4Se | |
| —— | (E)-5-Hydroxy-3-(4-oxo-azetidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-pent-2-enoic acid ethyl ester | 73630-51-0 | C10H15NO4S |
| —— | 5-((E)-2-buten-2-yl)-3-((Z)-chloromethylene)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 91713-34-7 | C9H11ClO2 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-Methoxyamino-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 128227-43-0 | C6H11NO3 |
| —— | (1<i>R</i>)-2<i>t</i>-cyano-1,2<i>c</i>-dimethyl-cyclopentane-1<i>r</i>,3<i>c</i>-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 99060-38-5 | C10H11NO3 |
| —— | anti-(-)-(5S,6S)-5-isopropyl-6-vinyl-1,4-dioxan-2-one | 1318230-71-5 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | 3-ethoxy-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 875239-98-8 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 3-methyl-3-(1-semicarbazono-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 99768-53-3 | C8H13N3O3 |
| —— | (+)-(S)-5,6-dihydro-3-methyl-6-phenethylpyran-2-one | 1293391-38-4 | C14H16O2 |
| —— | (R)-6-[(4S,5S)-2,2-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]tetrahydropyran-2-one | 1152589-58-6 | C16H20O4 |
| —— | (R)-6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-4-methyl-6-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-hexanoic acid | 852878-80-9 | C16H27NO6 |
| —— | (1R,4S,6R)-6-Phenylselanyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one | 136859-85-3 | C13H14O2Se |
| —— | 2,2,3,6-tetramethyl-1,9-dioxaspiro[3.5]nonan-8-one | 74794-20-0 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | trans-4-Methoxy-6-methyltetrahydropropan-2-on | 69349-76-4 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 5-ethyl-3-hexyl-3-(2-hydroxy-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 66094-78-8 | C16H30O3 |
| —— | 2-oxo-7a-pentyl-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid | 67498-51-5 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | 3-(2-hydroxy-propyl)-5-methyl-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 65668-68-0 | C11H20O3 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,6aR)-3-Methyl-1-((S)-1-phenyl-ethyl)-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-c]isoxazol-5-one | 78853-92-6 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | hydroxydictyolactone | 84667-05-0 | C20H30O3 |
| —— | 6,6-dimethyl-4,8-dioxo-5-methoxycarbonyl-2-undecylidene-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octane | 138972-43-7 | C22H34O5 |
| —— | (S)-4-((2R,3S,5S)-3,5-Dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-2-methyl-3-oxo-pentanethioic acid S-tert-butyl ester | 69010-79-3 | C17H28O4S |
| —— | 3-Methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxy-hexansaeure-lacton | 501951-34-4 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | 11β,12-dibromo-3,3-(ethylenedioxy)eudesmano-13,6α-lactone | 135645-75-9 | C17H24Br2O4 |
| —— | (1R,3R,4S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-1-hydroxy-5-oxocyclohexane-1,3-carbolactone | 189366-37-8 | C13H22O5Si |
| —— | (3R,5R)-3-Methyl-8-phenyl-δ-octanolide | 144867-59-4 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 5-(bromomethyl)-5-(methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1254701-81-9 | C6H9BrO2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-3-phenyl-glutaric acid-anhydride | 100518-88-5 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 141077-71-6 | C21H30O6 | |
| —— | (+/-)-2α-Methansulfon-3β,5β-epoxy-6α-brom-7-oxo-9α,10α-decalin-1β-carbonsaeure-lacton | 94267-95-5 | C12H13BrO6S |
| —— | 144406-90-6 | C11H12O4 | |
| —— | 1,8-dimethyl-5-oxatetracyclo[4.4.0.02,8.03,7]decan-4-one | 129666-97-3 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | 6-ethyl-6-chloro-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 100860-25-1 | C7H11ClO2 |
| —— | 7,18-Diallyl-1,12-dioxa-cyclodocosane-2,6,13,17-tetraone | 76334-27-5 | C26H40O6 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS,9S,10aR)-9-ethenyl-4-hydroxy-3,3a,4,6a,7,8,9,10-octahydrobenzo[h][2]benzofuran-1-one | 1384477-68-2 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | ((2R,3R)-3-Methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-acetic acid isopropyl ester | 182218-95-7 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (1R,4S,7R,8S)-7,8-Diethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-one | 145298-88-0 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | 5-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-(N-methylhydroxylamino)-α-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone | 181118-89-8 | C12H25NO4Si |
| —— | (-)-2(S)-allo-Protolichesterinsaeuremethylesterpyrazolin | 144408-14-0 | C21H36N2O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-methoxyoxan-2-one | 930807-83-3 | C8H14O5 |
| —— | dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-(phenylseleno)-2(3H)-furanone | 75826-36-7 | C12H14O2Se |
| —— | (3aS,4S,5S,6aR)-4-bromo-5-hydroxyhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1361318-13-9 | C7H9BrO3 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-pentadecen-(8t)-saeure-(1)-lacton | 94428-19-0 | C15H26O2 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS,10R,10aS)-10-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2',2'-dimethyl-4,6a,9,10-tetrahydro-1H,8H-spiro[naphtho[1,8a-c]furan-7,5'-[1,3]dioxan]-3(3aH)-one | 320342-64-1 | C23H38O5Si |
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