内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (4aR,5R,6R,7R,7aS)-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-6-iodo-7-methylcyclopenta[c]pyran-3(1H)-one | 1206128-29-1 | C9H13IO3 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid (R)-1-((R)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-undecyl ester | 128113-62-2 | C17H32O5S |
| —— | 21-syn-hydroxy-7-oxo-6-oxadodecacyclo<11.9.0.0<sup>1,16</sup>.0<sup>2,11</sup>.0<sup>2,20</sup>.0<sup>3,9</sup>.0<sup>3,16</sup>.0<sup>4,19</sup>.0<sup>5,17</sup>.0<sup>8,15</sup>.0<sup>10,14</sup>.0<sup>18,22</sup>>docosane-12-syn-carbonitrile | 120497-66-7 | C22H17NO3 |
| —— | (1R,2R,3R,8R)-2-Bromo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one | 85114-85-8 | C10H13BrO2 |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5α,8S<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-dihexyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94842-27-0 | C19H32O4 |
| —— | 3β,22α-dihydroxyoleano-11,13(18)-dien-29-oic acid 29,22α-lactone | 130632-87-0 | C30H44O3 |
| —— | 4-Cyclohexyl-3,3-diethyl-oxetan-2-one | 132835-46-2 | C13H22O2 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-4-oxo-6-acetoxy-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro<3,4-d>isoxazole | 133942-57-1 | C13H11NO5 |
| —— | 6-[(Z)-hex-1-enyl]oxan-2-one | 98892-44-5 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3-(1-hydroxy-2-propenyl)-4-vinyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 913617-68-2 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | [3R-(3a,4b,5b,6a(2R,3Z,5R,6R,7R,8Z,11S,12R,13R,14S,15S,16Z,17E))]-6-[2,6-bis[(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]-14-(carbamoyloxy)-5,7,9,11,13,15-hexamethyl-12-hydroxy-20-({[({[(2-propenyloxy)carbonyl]amino}hexyl)amino]carbonyl}oxy)-3,8,16,18-trieico | 184291-79-0 | C65H121N3O12Si3 |
| —— | 5-Cyclohex-1-enyl-3-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 96232-76-7 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (R)-6-Methyl-4-nitromethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 195703-21-0 | C7H11NO4 |
| —— | 2-tert-Butylperoxy-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxa-spiro[4.5]decan-4-one | 58908-38-6 | C15H26O5 |
| —— | 5-Butyl-5-iodomethyl-3-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 91476-25-4 | C10H15IO2 |
| —— | Isorosenolo-lacton | 508-69-0 | C20H30O3 |
| —— | α-Cyan-γ,γ-dimethyl-δ-valerolacton | 857480-62-7 | C8H11NO2 |
| —— | N-methoxy-N,4,7,7-tetramethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide | 1053659-48-5 | C12H19NO4 |
| —— | (R)-1-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid (3aR,4R,6aR)-2,2-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-furo[3,4-d][1,3]dioxol-4-ylmethyl ester | 84772-56-5 | C19H17ClF4O6 |
| —— | (8S)-8-fluoroerythronolide B 6,9;9,11-spiroketal | 82664-16-2 | C21H35FO6 |
| —— | 5-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-heptanolid-(1,7) | 92038-07-8 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4E,6aR)-4-(3-oxooctylidene)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydrothieno[3,4-b]furan-2-one | 127269-16-3 | C14H20O3S |
| —— | trans,trans-(5S)-5-<9'-(2'',3''-bis((dimethylthexylsilyl)oxy)cyclohexyl)- 3'-nonenyl>-2,3-dihydrofuranone | 114528-96-0 | C35H68O4Si2 |
| —— | (+)-(3aR,6S,6aS)-6-iodohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 2630-45-7 | C7H9IO2 |
| —— | 8-anti-acetoxymethyl-6-exo-chloro-2-oxabicyclo-(3.2.1)-octan-3-one | 93052-63-2 | C10H13ClO4 |
| —— | (+/-)-syn-3-(1-methylprop-2-ynyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 145215-53-8 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | trans-3-methoxy-4-methylperhydro-2-pyrone | 109864-27-9 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | <2-Hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-diphenyl-tetrahydro-(4)furyl>-essigsaeure-lacton | 1042-32-6 | C20H20O3 |
| —— | 7-phenyl-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-3,6-methanobenzofuran-2(6H)-one | 1640991-93-0 | C15H14O2 |
| —— | (3S,4R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-6-heptenyl]-4-methoxy-3-(methoxymethoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1250395-14-2 | C20H36O9 |
| —— | 5-phenyl-4,4',5,6-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopentapyran-1-one | 332940-38-2 | C14H14O2 |
| —— | (4S,5S,6S)-6-((1S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1-methylethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 765941-25-1 | C15H30O4Si |
| —— | (3R,4R)-4-(2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1141365-40-3 | C23H30O3Si |
| —— | 2aα,3α,6,6-Tetramethyl-(5aα)-cyclopentano<2,3-c>-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran | 77507-02-9 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-5-(phenylmethyl)-, trans- | 115584-54-8 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 3-C-propyl-5-O-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-pentono-1,4-lactone | 121687-50-1 | C24H32O3Si |
| —— | (Z)-(R)-9-dodecyl-4,5,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-oxonin-2-one | 1370732-66-3 | C20H36O2 |
| —— | (2'R,3R,4'S,4a'R,5S,5'R,8a'S)-5-(furan-3-yl)-4'-hydroxy-4a'-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-methyldecahydro-2H-dispiro[furan-3,1'-naphthalene-5',2''-oxiran]-2-one | 133586-20-6 | C20H26O6 |
| —— | 4,7,9-Trihydroxy-3-methoxymethyl-6,9a-dimethyl-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 97788-53-9 | C16H26O6 |
| —— | (5R)-8-amino-5-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-5,6-dihydro-5-<(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl>spiro<1H-2-benzopyran-7(3H),2'-<1,3>dioxolan>-3-one | 225368-15-0 | C22H35NO5Si2 |
| —— | 5-(3-Chloro-tetrahydro-furan-2-yloxymethyl)-3-heptyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 57040-35-4 | C19H31ClO6 |
| —— | 1591632-90-4 | C19H21NO4 | |
| —— | 7-Acetoxy-1-carboxy-2(ax),3-dihydroxy-10β-methoxycarbonyl-1-methyl-8-oxo-gibb-4-en-1->3-lacton | 115893-68-0 | C21H24O8 |
| —— | (3R,3aS,6R,7aR)-3a-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-6-(4-oxo-pentyl)-tetrahydro-benzofuran-2,7-dione | 105578-93-6 | C15H22O5 |
| —— | [Au(triphenylphosphine)(5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxylate)] | 916737-26-3 | C23H20AuO4P |
| —— | Acetic acid (3S,3aR,5R,7S,7aS,8R,9aR)-5-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,5,6,7,7a,8,9,9a-decahydro-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-7-yl ester | 126771-27-5 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | 95590-37-7 | C12H14O3 | |
| —— | (20S)-3α-Dimethylamino-20-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-18-saeure-lacton | 1243-99-8 | C23H37NO2 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-4'-oxo-3'-methyl-spiro<cyclohexan-1.2'-oxetan> | 3285-42-5 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | <(1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-cyclopent-3-en-2-yl>-acetic acid, γ-lactone | 74106-53-9 | C9H12O3 |
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