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内酯类

内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物,通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中,并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

内酯的分类
  1. 按环大小划分:根据内酯环的大小,可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
  2. 按碳原子数划分:依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同,可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
结构特征
  • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
  • 在生物体内,某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化,在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
应用
  1. 医药领域:许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如,四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
  2. 工业化学:内酯作为重要的化工原料,在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
  3. 分析化学与生物传感器:利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测;通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
生物活性
  • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性,如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
  • 在细胞信号传导过程中,内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

总之,内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元,在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— (3S,5R)-3-methyl-5-octyloxolan-2-one —— C13H24O2
(3S,5R)-3-methyl-5-octyloxolan-2-one
—— (3Z,5R)-3-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O2S
(3Z,5R)-3-(butylsulfanylmethylidene)-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (5S)-5-ethynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H8O2
(5S)-5-ethynyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (S)-5-Isopropyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C10H18O2
(S)-5-Isopropyl-4,4,5-trimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
—— (5S)-5-tert-butylperoxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O4
(5S)-5-tert-butylperoxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— prop-2-enyl (3S)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H10O4
prop-2-enyl (3S)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
—— methyl (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H12O4
methyl (3S)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
—— (5R)-5-tert-butylperoxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O4
(5R)-5-tert-butylperoxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3R)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C7H10O4
(3R)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— methyl (8aR)-6-methoxy-1-oxo-3H-cyclohepta[c]furan-8a-carboxylate —— C12H12O5
methyl (8aR)-6-methoxy-1-oxo-3H-cyclohepta[c]furan-8a-carboxylate
—— (3R,5S)-3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H9FO3
(3R,5S)-3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— (3R)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]oxolan-2-one —— C7H13NO2
(3R)-3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]oxolan-2-one
—— (3S,5R)-3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H9FO3
(3S,5R)-3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— (R)-3-Ethyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C9H13NO4
(R)-3-Ethyl-3-((E)-2-nitro-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
—— (4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-(2-chloropropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H9Cl3O2
(4R)-3,3-dichloro-4-(2-chloropropan-2-yl)oxolan-2-one
—— (3R,5S)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C10H16O3
(3R,5S)-5-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3S,5R)-3-fluoro-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C10H7FO3
(3S,5R)-3-fluoro-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— methyl (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate —— C14H16O4
methyl (2R,3S)-5-oxo-2-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-3-carboxylate
—— (4R)-5,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
(4R)-5,5-diethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
—— (3S)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C7H10O4
(3S)-3-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— (3S)-3-methyl-4-methylidene-3-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O2
(3S)-3-methyl-4-methylidene-3-propyloxolan-2-one
—— (3S,5S)-3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C11H9FO3
(3S,5S)-3-fluoro-3-methyl-5-phenyloxolane-2,4-dione
—— (4R,5S)-4-methyl-3-methylidene-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C11H18O2
(4R,5S)-4-methyl-3-methylidene-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
—— (3E,5S)-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H14O3
(3E,5S)-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3E,5R)-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C13H14O3
(3E,5R)-3-[methoxy(phenyl)methylidene]-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3R)-3-butyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C8H14O3
(3R)-3-butyl-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
—— (5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-octyloxolan-2-one —— C12H20Cl2O2
(5R)-3,3-dichloro-5-octyloxolan-2-one
—— methyl (2S)-4,4-dichloro-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C7H8Cl2O4
methyl (2S)-4,4-dichloro-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
—— (5R)-5-cyclopropyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O2
(5R)-5-cyclopropyloxolan-2-one
—— methyl (2R)-4,4-dichloro-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C7H8Cl2O4
methyl (2R)-4,4-dichloro-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
—— (3Z,4R)-3-butylidene-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C12H20O2
(3Z,4R)-3-butylidene-4-ethyl-5,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
—— (4R,5S)-5-hexyl-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one —— C13H22O2
(4R,5S)-5-hexyl-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
—— (5S)-5-(2-bromoethyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C7H9BrO2
(5S)-5-(2-bromoethyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
—— (5R)-5-(2-bromoethyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C7H9BrO2
(5R)-5-(2-bromoethyl)-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
—— (4S,5S)-5-hexyl-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one —— C13H22O2
(4S,5S)-5-hexyl-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
—— (4R,5R)-5-hexyl-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one —— C13H22O2
(4R,5R)-5-hexyl-4-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one
—— 3-[(3R)-3-acetyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propanenitrile —— C9H11NO3
3-[(3R)-3-acetyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propanenitrile
—— tert-butyl 2-[(3S,4E)-4-benzylidene-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C17H20O4
tert-butyl 2-[(3S,4E)-4-benzylidene-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]acetate
—— (4S,5S)-4-Acetyl-5-phenethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C14H16O3
(4S,5S)-4-Acetyl-5-phenethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
—— (4R,5S)-4-Acetyl-5-phenethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C14H16O3
(4R,5S)-4-Acetyl-5-phenethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
—— 3-[(3S)-3-acetyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propanenitrile —— C9H11NO3
3-[(3S)-3-acetyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propanenitrile
—— (5R)-5-decyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C15H28O2
(5R)-5-decyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (5S)-5-decyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C15H28O2
(5S)-5-decyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
—— (3S)-3-(bromomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H7BrO2
(3S)-3-(bromomethyl)oxolan-2-one
—— (3R)-3-(bromomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C5H7BrO2
(3R)-3-(bromomethyl)oxolan-2-one
—— (3R)-3-(3-bromophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9BrO3
(3R)-3-(3-bromophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H11BrO3
(3S)-3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-(3-bromophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9BrO3
(3S)-3-(3-bromophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3R)-3-(4-bromophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione —— C11H9BrO3
(3R)-3-(4-bromophenyl)oxane-2,6-dione
—— (3S)-3-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione —— C12H10ClFO3
(3S)-3-[(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxane-2,6-dione