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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 8-Chloro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-enyl)-12-methoxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C24H29ClO7
    8-Chloro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methylpent-1-enyl)-12-methoxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione
    —— 5-ethyl-3-oxo-3-tridecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one —— C21H37O6P
    5-ethyl-3-oxo-3-tridecoxy-8,8a-dihydro-1H-furo[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-one
    —— 5-Benzyl-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C20H20N2O4S
    5-Benzyl-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— 5,9,10-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-10-propan-2-ylspiro[3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(11)-ene-6,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione —— C20H28O9
    5,9,10-Trihydroxy-3'-(1-hydroxyethyl)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-10-propan-2-ylspiro[3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(11)-ene-6,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione
    —— 10-(Chloromethyl)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-10-hydroxyspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H19ClO6
    10-(Chloromethyl)-5'-(furan-3-yl)-10-hydroxyspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-[3-(3-methyloxiran-2-yl)prop-2-enoyl]oxolan-2-one —— C11H14O5
    4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-[3-(3-methyloxiran-2-yl)prop-2-enoyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— dihydro-5-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)furan-2(3H)-one —— C11H12O3
    dihydro-5-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one —— C14H13ClN2O3S
    3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-11-hydroxy-4-sulfanylidene-8-oxa-3,5-diazatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecan-9-one
    —— 8-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    8-hydroxy-5,8-dimethyl-1-methylidene-4,5,7,8a,9,9a-hexahydro-3aH-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2-one
    —— 4-Hydroxy-6-[2-(2-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one —— C18H28O3
    4-Hydroxy-6-[2-(2-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 3-Hexadec-15-ynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C21H34O3
    3-Hexadec-15-ynylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 7-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-1,4a,5,6,8,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one —— C20H30O4
    7-Hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpent-2-enylidene)-7-methyl-11-methylidene-1,4a,5,6,8,9,10,11a-octahydrocyclonona[c]pyran-3-one
    —— 2,4,5-Trihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione —— C15H22O6
    2,4,5-Trihydroxy-2,6,13-trimethyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.4.3.01,5]tridecane-9,12-dione
    —— 6-Methyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carbaldehyde —— C10H12O4
    6-Methyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-5-carbaldehyde
    —— 5,10,14-Trihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-8,12-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.1.01,5.06,10]pentadec-2-ene-9,13-dione —— C15H18O7
    5,10,14-Trihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-8,12-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.1.01,5.06,10]pentadec-2-ene-9,13-dione
    —— jasmonolides 34686-71-0 C10H16O2
    jasmonolides
    —— 4,12-Dihydroxy-5-methyl-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,5]dodecan-11-one —— C15H22O4
    4,12-Dihydroxy-5-methyl-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-10-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.01,5]dodecan-11-one
    —— 6-Hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one —— C20H28O5
    6-Hydroxy-9,10,12-trimethyl-9-[2-(5-oxooxolan-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4-en-3-one
    —— (4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-3-yl) acetate —— C17H20O6
    (4-hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-3-yl) acetate
    —— 10-Hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridecan-3-one —— C15H24O3
    10-Hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridecan-3-one
    —— (3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate —— C17H22O4
    (3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) acetate
    —— 11-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethylidene]-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-12-one —— C20H28O6
    11-[2-(3,3-Dimethyloxiran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethylidene]-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-2-methylidene-5,13-dioxatricyclo[8.4.0.04,6]tetradecan-12-one
    —— Methyl 2-[13-(2-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-5,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate —— C27H36O8
    Methyl 2-[13-(2-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)-6,6,8,12-tetramethyl-17-methylidene-5,15-dioxo-2,14-dioxatetracyclo[7.7.1.01,12.03,8]heptadecan-7-yl]acetate
    —— 3-[5-Hydroxy-6-(4-methyldec-2-en-2-yl)-2-oxooxan-3-ylidene]propanoic acid —— C19H30O5
    3-[5-Hydroxy-6-(4-methyldec-2-en-2-yl)-2-oxooxan-3-ylidene]propanoic acid
    —— 2-Hydroxy-8-methoxy-3'-(1-methoxyethylidene)-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione —— C21H28O8
    2-Hydroxy-8-methoxy-3'-(1-methoxyethylidene)-7-methyl-12-propan-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,5'-oxolane]-2',11-dione
    —— 6-(1,2-Dihydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one —— C13H16O5
    6-(1,2-Dihydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one
    —— 5,9,10-Trihydroxy-3'-(2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethylidene)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-10-propan-2-ylspiro[3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(11)-ene-6,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione —— C21H28O10
    5,9,10-Trihydroxy-3'-(2-hydroxy-1-methoxyethylidene)-8-methoxy-7-methyl-10-propan-2-ylspiro[3-oxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undec-1(11)-ene-6,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione
    —— 5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadeca-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one —— C24H38O3
    5-(Methoxymethyl)-3-octadeca-9,11-diynyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione —— C19H20O6
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodec-4(12)-ene-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3-dione
    —— 3-nonyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 77488-49-4 C14H26O2
    3-nonyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— Teuscordonin 124817-37-4 C20H22O6
    Teuscordonin
    —— 5'-(Furan-3-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3,6-trione —— C20H22O7
    5'-(Furan-3-yl)-12-(hydroxymethyl)-10-methylspiro[2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecane-9,3'-oxolane]-2',3,6-trione
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C10H18O3
    4-Hydroxy-5-methyl-3-(2-methylbutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 7-[10-(5-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)undeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione —— C28H36O5
    7-[10-(5-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,6-dihydropyran-2-yl)undeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaenyl]-4,6,7-trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-3,5-dione
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl)but-2-enyl acetate —— C14H22O5
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl)but-2-enyl acetate
    —— 5-Ethenyl-2,8,9-trihydroxy-5,11,11-trimethyl-16-oxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,10.02,7]hexadec-6-en-15-one —— C20H28O5
    5-Ethenyl-2,8,9-trihydroxy-5,11,11-trimethyl-16-oxatetracyclo[7.5.2.01,10.02,7]hexadec-6-en-15-one
    —— (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,2,2-trichloroacetate —— C17H17Cl3O5
    (3,6,9-Trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl) 2,2,2-trichloroacetate
    —— (1alpha,4alpha,5beta,6alpha,11betaH)-1,4-Epoxy-5-hydroxy-10(14)-germacren-12,6-olide —— C15H22O4
    (1alpha,4alpha,5beta,6alpha,11betaH)-1,4-Epoxy-5-hydroxy-10(14)-germacren-12,6-olide
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-methylidene-3-octa-2,4,6-trienoyloxolan-2-one —— C13H14O4
    3-Hydroxy-4-methylidene-3-octa-2,4,6-trienoyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl) 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O6
    (1-Hydroxy-2,11-dimethyl-7-methylidene-6-oxo-5,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.04,8]tetradeca-2,12-dien-9-yl) 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 8-Hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,7,8,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one —— C15H20O3
    8-Hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,7,8,11,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— 5-(Aminomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C5H9NO2
    5-(Aminomethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-(3-Chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C12H21ClO5
    5-(3-Chloro-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— 3,4-Dihydroxy-6-undecyloxan-2-one —— C16H30O4
    3,4-Dihydroxy-6-undecyloxan-2-one
    —— Penicilactone —— C7H10O4
    Penicilactone
    —— 4-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one —— C9H16O4
    4-Hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— 5-Tetradeca-5,8-dienyloxolan-2-one —— C18H30O2
    5-Tetradeca-5,8-dienyloxolan-2-one
    —— 10,16-Dihydroxy-2,6,11,14,17-pentamethyl-20-methylidene-7,18-dioxahexacyclo[12.5.1.16,9.01,16.02,12.05,11]henicosane-8,15,19-trione —— C25H32O7
    10,16-Dihydroxy-2,6,11,14,17-pentamethyl-20-methylidene-7,18-dioxahexacyclo[12.5.1.16,9.01,16.02,12.05,11]henicosane-8,15,19-trione
    —— 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(1-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C18H23NO3
    4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-N-(1-phenylethyl)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 8-Chloro-12-methoxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione —— C24H29ClO6
    8-Chloro-12-methoxy-10,13,14-trimethyl-5-(3-methylpent-1-enyl)-4,11,15-trioxatetracyclo[8.7.0.02,7.012,17]heptadeca-2,5,7-triene-9,16-dione