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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S,4R)-(-)-N-propylcamphanamide 85805-98-7 C13H21NO3
    (1S,4R)-(-)-N-propylcamphanamide
    —— (+)-Dihydromevinolin 77517-29-4 C24H38O5
    (+)-Dihydromevinolin
    —— (1'S,2S,3R,4R)-3-(tert-Butylamino)-4-<(camphanoyloxy)methyl>tetrahydro-2-methylfuran 134180-72-6 C20H33NO5
    (1'S,2S,3R,4R)-3-(tert-Butylamino)-4-<(camphanoyloxy)methyl>tetrahydro-2-methylfuran
    —— (2R,4S)-4-<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-2-methyl-4-butanolide 103233-24-5 C22H28O3Si
    (2R,4S)-4-<<(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy>methyl>-2-methyl-4-butanolide
    —— (1R,2S,4aR,6S,8S,8aS)-1-carboxy-2,6-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene 1,8 lactone 129264-77-3 C13H18O2
    (1R,2S,4aR,6S,8S,8aS)-1-carboxy-2,6-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalene 1,8 lactone
    —— neopentanol (-)-camphanate 41809-75-0 C15H24O4
    neopentanol (-)-camphanate
    —— (-)-2-Diphenylphosphinoyl-(1R)-(2-pyridynyl)ethyl (1'S,4'R)-camphanoate 375367-61-6 C29H30NO5P
    (-)-2-Diphenylphosphinoyl-(1R)-(2-pyridynyl)ethyl (1'S,4'R)-camphanoate
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid furan-2-ylmethyl ester 185334-27-4 C15H18O5
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid furan-2-ylmethyl ester
    —— (1S,4R)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide 85806-00-4 C17H21NO3
    (1S,4R)-N-benzyl-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-cyclopent-3-enyl ester 131149-34-3 C20H30O6Si
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1R,5S)-2-oxo-5-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-cyclopent-3-enyl ester
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (R)-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitro-butyl ester 654070-90-3 C16H24N2O8
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (R)-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitro-butyl ester
    —— (-)-endo-(1S)-camphanic acid (1R,5S,6S)-7,7-dichlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl ester 1021877-49-5 C17H20Cl2O4
    (-)-endo-(1S)-camphanic acid (1R,5S,6S)-7,7-dichlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl ester
    —— (+)-endo-(1S)-camphanic acid (1S,5R,6R)-7,7-dichlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl ester 1021877-58-6 C17H20Cl2O4
    (+)-endo-(1S)-camphanic acid (1S,5R,6R)-7,7-dichlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl ester
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (3E,5E)-(1S,2R)-1-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-hepta-3,5-dienyl ester 171010-45-0 C24H35NO5
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (3E,5E)-(1S,2R)-1-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-hepta-3,5-dienyl ester
    —— (1S,2R,3R,5R)-ethyl-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate 1111644-55-3 C18H21BrO5
    (1S,2R,3R,5R)-ethyl-2-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3-carboxylate
    —— [(3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-3-phenylcyclopenten-1-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate 1204751-51-8 C22H24O5
    [(3S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-3-phenylcyclopenten-1-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— L-ribono-lactone 19774-08-4 C6H10O5
    L-ribono-lactone
    —— (5R)-5-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one 350797-13-6 C12H12O3
    (5R)-5-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-en-2-one 163728-82-3 C17H26O5
    (1S,4S,5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-8-isopropyl-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>oct-7-en-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5S,8R)-6-methenyl-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one 163728-78-7 C16H24O5
    (1S,4S,5S,8R)-6-methenyl-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4-<(pivaloyloxy)methyl>-3-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-2-one
    —— 3-Hex-5-enyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one 247216-23-5 C10H16O2
    3-Hex-5-enyl-4-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (S)-5-vinyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone 173256-41-2 C7H10O3
    (S)-5-vinyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (S)-3-isobutyryl-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1342897-38-4 C16H20O3
    (S)-3-isobutyryl-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-propionyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1342897-03-3 C15H18O3
    (S)-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyl-3-propionyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— [4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-(1S)-1-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-(2R)-2-yl)butyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 817166-96-4 C19H37NO5Si
    [4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-(1S)-1-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-(2R)-2-yl)butyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— [(1S)-1-[(4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-(2R)-2-yl]-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)butyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 817166-95-3 C26H43NO5Si
    [(1S)-1-[(4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-(2R)-2-yl]-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)butyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— <RS-(R*,R*)>-7-(1-Diphenylphosphinoylethyl)-oxepan-2-one 97509-80-3 C20H23O3P
    <RS-(R*,R*)>-7-(1-Diphenylphosphinoylethyl)-oxepan-2-one
    —— <RS-(R*,S*)>-7-(1-Diphenylphosphinoylethyl)-oxepan-2-one 97509-80-3 C20H23O3P
    <RS-(R*,S*)>-7-(1-Diphenylphosphinoylethyl)-oxepan-2-one
    —— α-methylene-δ,δ-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone 174970-09-3 C8H12O2
    α-methylene-δ,δ-dimethyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— (2S,3S)-2-benzyl-3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone 229030-08-4 C11H12O3
    (2S,3S)-2-benzyl-3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone
    —— 4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetoacetic acid-lactone 110680-30-3 C10H8O3
    4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetoacetic acid-lactone
    —— 4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone 1200-70-0 C10H10O3
    4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-3-phenyl-5-[(phenylseleno)methyl]-, trans- 127560-77-4 C17H16O2Se
    2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-3-phenyl-5-[(phenylseleno)methyl]-, trans-
    —— 4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 80934-72-1 C8H14O3
    4-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 5-butoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 62668-35-3 C9H16O3
    5-butoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— tannunolide D 131740-76-6 C15H20O3
    tannunolide D
    —— 4-(Cyclohex-3'-enyl)butyrolactone 15972-16-4 C10H14O2
    4-(Cyclohex-3'-enyl)butyrolactone
    —— 3-(Butoxymethyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 62668-48-8 C14H24O3
    3-(Butoxymethyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— 13-Oxadispiro<4.1.5.3>pentadecan-14-one 77520-35-5 C14H22O2
    13-Oxadispiro<4.1.5.3>pentadecan-14-one
    —— (R)-4-(spiro-cyclohexyl)-3-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone 69573-50-8 C15H18O2
    (R)-4-(spiro-cyclohexyl)-3-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-Methyl-1-oxaspiro<5.5>undecan-2-one 77520-33-3 C11H18O2
    4-Methyl-1-oxaspiro<5.5>undecan-2-one
    —— 2',6'-endo-spiro<cyclohexane-1,5'-<4>oxatricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>>undec-8'-en-3'-one> 82639-66-5 C15H20O2
    2',6'-endo-spiro<cyclohexane-1,5'-<4>oxatricyclo<5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>>undec-8'-en-3'-one>
    —— 5-Carbethoxy-4,4-dimethyl-butyrolacton 62565-30-4 C9H14O4
    5-Carbethoxy-4,4-dimethyl-butyrolacton
    —— 4,4-dipropyldihydrofuran-2-one 67026-11-3 C10H18O2
    4,4-dipropyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— ethyl (2aR,2a<sup>1</sup>R,3S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1,4-dioxa-4a-azacyclopenta[cd]pentalene-3-carboxylate 855596-40-6 C10H13NO5
    ethyl (2aR,2a<sup>1</sup>R,3S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1,4-dioxa-4a-azacyclopenta[cd]pentalene-3-carboxylate
    —— D-threo-L-galacto-octono-1,4-lactone 3257-67-8 C8H14O8
    D-threo-L-galacto-octono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2,2-Dimethyl-4-hexanolid 62581-38-8 C10H18O2
    2,2-Dimethyl-4-hexanolid
    —— (4S)-4-phenyl-6-methylidenetetrahydro-2-pyranone 122019-98-1 C12H12O2
    (4S)-4-phenyl-6-methylidenetetrahydro-2-pyranone
    —— 5-bromo-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C11H11BrO2
    5-bromo-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— trans-4-Phenyl-5-propyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 121078-32-8 C13H16O2
    trans-4-Phenyl-5-propyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone