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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5S,9S)-9-ethyl-9-methyl-3-phenyl-4,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-1,6-dione 1046160-34-2 C16H16O4
    (5S,9S)-9-ethyl-9-methyl-3-phenyl-4,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-1,6-dione
    —— 5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.1>decan-3-one 90083-69-5 C10H16O2
    5-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.1>decan-3-one
    —— 6,6-dimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one 93097-25-7 C9H14O2
    6,6-dimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one
    —— 2-ethyl-4-(iodomethyl)-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone 87441-57-4 C8H13IO2
    2-ethyl-4-(iodomethyl)-3-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (5S)-5-[(2S)-2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypentyl]oxolan-2-one 267241-59-8 C25H34O3Si
    (5S)-5-[(2S)-2-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypentyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-2,4-di-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone-4-carboxylic acid cis-amide 120808-49-3 C13H23NO4
    2-hydroxy-2,4-di-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone-4-carboxylic acid cis-amide
    —— cis-2-hydroxy-2,4-di-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone-4-carboxylic acid 120808-50-6 C13H22O5
    cis-2-hydroxy-2,4-di-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone-4-carboxylic acid
    —— cis-2-hydroxy-4-cyano-2,4-di-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone 120808-48-2 C13H21NO3
    cis-2-hydroxy-4-cyano-2,4-di-tert-butyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— chloro-2α methyl-2β phenyl-4β butyrolactone 72407-00-2 C11H11ClO2
    chloro-2α methyl-2β phenyl-4β butyrolactone
    —— (3S,1'R)-3-[(2-oxo-1-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2(5H)-3,4-dihydrofuranone 178613-68-8 C12H18O3
    (3S,1'R)-3-[(2-oxo-1-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]-2(5H)-3,4-dihydrofuranone
    —— (2'R,3R,4R,5S)-3-(6'-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2'-(methoxymethoxy)hexyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 220776-88-5 C31H46O7Si
    (2'R,3R,4R,5S)-3-(6'-tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy-2'-(methoxymethoxy)hexyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— ethyl 4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1188416-39-8 C9H14O4
    ethyl 4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl 4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate 1188416-38-7 C8H12O4
    methyl 4,4-dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (+/-)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 942493-40-5 C9H8O2S
    (+/-)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-(thien-3-yl)methoxycyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone 1198791-09-1 C12H12O5S
    (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-(thien-3-yl)methoxycyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone
    —— (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-(thien-3-yl)methoxy-2-(thien-3-yl)methylcyclohex-2-ene-1,5-carbolactone 1233376-32-3 C17H16O5S2
    (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-dihydroxy-3-(thien-3-yl)methoxy-2-(thien-3-yl)methylcyclohex-2-ene-1,5-carbolactone
    —— (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-(thien-3-yl)methoxy-2-(thien-3-yl)methylcyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone 1198791-02-4 C29H44O5S2Si2
    (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-(thien-3-yl)methoxy-2-(thien-3-yl)methylcyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone
    —— (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-(thien-3-yl)methoxycyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone 1198791-01-3 C24H40O5SSi2
    (1R,4S,5R)-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-(thien-3-yl)methoxycyclohex-2-en-1,5-carbolactone
    —— (3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 35786-18-6 C6H10O4
    (3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-(5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone 61566-85-6 C17H20N2O3
    4-(5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
    —— (1R,5S)-1-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 82578-23-2 C6H8O2
    (1R,5S)-1-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (Z)-4,4,7-Trimethyl-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione 59529-06-5 C13H20O3
    (Z)-4,4,7-Trimethyl-oxacycloundec-9-ene-2,6-dione
    —— Strigol deriv 79298-09-2 C13H12O5
    Strigol deriv
    —— Tagitinin-F 59979-57-6 C19H24O6
    Tagitinin-F
    —— (S)-α-N-boc-aminoxy-γ-butyrolactone 666706-31-6 C9H15NO5
    (S)-α-N-boc-aminoxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4-(4,5-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone 61566-84-5 C16H18N2O3
    4-(4,5-Dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone
    —— (3RS,4RS,5S,8'RS)-4-Acetoxy-3-(8',9'-epoxynonanyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 222314-51-4 C16H26O5
    (3RS,4RS,5S,8'RS)-4-Acetoxy-3-(8',9'-epoxynonanyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3RS,4RS,5S)-4-Acetoxy-5-methyl-3-(non-8'-enyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one 222190-52-5 C16H26O4
    (3RS,4RS,5S)-4-Acetoxy-5-methyl-3-(non-8'-enyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one 51849-73-1 C13H16O2
    3-benzyl-5,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-<(E)-phenylmethylidene>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 72806-73-6 C12H12O2
    5-methyl-3-<(E)-phenylmethylidene>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2R,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde 950489-56-2 C7H10O3
    (2R,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carbaldehyde
    —— (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 950489-50-6 C12H14O2
    (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethyl-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2S,3S)-2-dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxymethyl-3-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 81661-42-9 C13H24O3Si
    (2S,3S)-2-dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxymethyl-3-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (2S,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-16-phenylhexadecanoic acid 1,4-lactone 1064016-68-7 C24H38O2
    (2S,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-16-phenylhexadecanoic acid 1,4-lactone
    —— (2S,3S)-2-hydroxymethyl-3-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone 66601-84-1 C7H10O3
    (2S,3S)-2-hydroxymethyl-3-vinyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3-methylene-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 131165-59-8 C8H10O2
    3-methylene-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,6S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-(dihydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1068433-24-8 C12H24O5Si
    (4R,6S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-(dihydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid allyl ester 122889-48-9 C9H10O4
    2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid allyl ester
    —— 2-Oxetanone, 4-(2,6,8-trimethyl-1,5-nonadienyl)- —— C15H24O2
    2-Oxetanone, 4-(2,6,8-trimethyl-1,5-nonadienyl)-
    —— (2S,3R)-2-allyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde 503605-20-7 C8H10O3
    (2S,3R)-2-allyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbaldehyde
    —— (5S,6R)-6-((R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxobutyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1449755-45-6 C10H16O5
    (5S,6R)-6-((R)-1-hydroxy-2-oxobutyl)-5-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1R,6R,7S,8S,10R,11S)-1,10-epoxy-6,15-dihydroxy-13-methoxygermacra-4-en-8,12-olide 1235721-40-0 C16H24O6
    (1R,6R,7S,8S,10R,11S)-1,10-epoxy-6,15-dihydroxy-13-methoxygermacra-4-en-8,12-olide
    —— (S)-5-benzyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 415902-37-3 C11H12O2
    (S)-5-benzyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1R,6R,7S,8S,10R)-1,10-epoxy-6,15-dihydroxygermacra-4,11(13)-dien-8,12-olide 1235721-41-1 C15H20O5
    (1R,6R,7S,8S,10R)-1,10-epoxy-6,15-dihydroxygermacra-4,11(13)-dien-8,12-olide
    —— (1R,4R,5R)-4-isopropyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-en-2-one 1226497-34-2 C11H16O2
    (1R,4R,5R)-4-isopropyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]non-6-en-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 1198463-51-2 C8H14O3
    (4R,6R)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyl-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— [(9E)-15-hydroxy-6-methylidene-5-oxo-4,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.03,7]heptadec-9-en-8-yl] 2-methylpropanoate 21871-14-7 C19H24O7
    [(9E)-15-hydroxy-6-methylidene-5-oxo-4,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.03,7]heptadec-9-en-8-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— 9-Propanoyl-7-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-6-one 89665-12-3 C10H14O3S2
    9-Propanoyl-7-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]decan-6-one
    —— 5-Propanoyloxan-2-one 89665-28-1 C8H12O3
    5-Propanoyloxan-2-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-γ-decalactone 145285-59-2 C10H18O3
    3-hydroxy-γ-decalactone