内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | cephalosporolide C diacetate | 1542162-64-0 | C14H20O7 |
| —— | (1R,2S,3R,4R)-3-exo-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-oxabicyclo<2.2.1>hept-2-endo-yl (1S')-camphanate | 156672-89-8 | C16H20O7 |
| —— | (3aS,6aR)-3-Phenyl-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-furo[3,4-d]isoxazol-4-one | 216063-18-2 | C11H9NO3 |
| —— | sodium D-isoascorbate 5-phosphate | 144615-44-1 | C6H6O9P*3Na |
| —— | 7,7-Dimethyl-3-methylen-1-oxaspiro<4,5>decan-2-on | 67464-48-6 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (1S,2S,6S,7R,11R)-1-Amino-11-hydroxymethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3,5,8,10-tetraoxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undecan-9-one | 172987-04-1 | C10H15NO6 |
| —— | (3S,3aS,6aR)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-yl acetate | 1041082-07-8 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | (7R)-7-phenylselanyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one | 63048-54-4 | C14H16O2Se |
| —— | (3E)-3-[(5E)-5-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)pentylidene]oxolan-2-one | 53185-70-9 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | 6-endo-hydroxy-7-exo-(2-methyl allyloxymethyl)-3-oxa-1,5,7-trimethyl bicyclo<3,3,1>nonan-2-one | 116398-14-2 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | D-<1-13C>-erythronate | 108269-40-5 | C4H6O4 |
| —— | 4-Hydroxy-4-<5-oxo-2-methyl-tetrahydrofurfuryl-(3)>-penten-(2)-saeure-(1) | 90927-42-7 | C10H14O5 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1S,2'R,4'R)-2-methyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propylcarbamate | 326500-65-6 | C14H25NO4 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-vinyl-5-[(R)-1-hydroxypropyl]-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1215080-16-2 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,8S,10R,16R)-2,16-dimethyl-4,7,13-trioxapentacyclo[8.3.3.01,10.02,6.06,8]hexadecane-5,11,12-trione | 1632978-40-5 | C15H16O6 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid carbamoylamide | 90566-37-3 | C9H14N2O4 |
| —— | 3-[3-(3-acetyloxypropyl)-2-oxooxan-3-yl]propyl acetate | 74636-64-9 | C15H24O6 |
| —— | bicyclo[9.3.0]-4,8-di(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-13-thiono-12,14-dioxa-2,9-tetradecadiyne | 366011-39-4 | C24H40O4SSi2 |
| —— | (1S,4R,5R)-4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 73240-76-3 | C8H10O3 |
| —— | 4-propan-2-yl-8-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione | 219661-22-0 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 1,2,7,8-Tetrafluorbicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-2,6-carbolacton | 68135-48-8 | C9H6F4O2 |
| —— | ent-14β-hydroxy-11-oxoisopimara-8,15-dien-3,4-olide | 1431388-09-8 | C20H28O4 |
| —— | 5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 92920-37-1 | C8H12O5 |
| —— | 116187-57-6 | C24H28O9 | |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 64861-50-3 | C11H16O7S |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-cyanomethyl-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 64861-51-4 | C11H13NO4 |
| —— | 7-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-6-one | 749254-83-9 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (1R,5S,7R,8R)-7-Azido-8-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-3-one | 220589-32-2 | C7H9N3O3 |
| —— | 1,2-diaminocyclohexane isocitratolactone platinum(II) complex | 96322-27-9 | C12H18N2O6Pt |
| —— | 4-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one | 5650-65-7 | C7H8O2 |
| —— | 82290-47-9 | C27H46O6Si2 | |
| —— | (S)-2-((3R,3aR,4R,6aS,9aS)-3a,4-Dimethyl-1,9-dioxo-octahydro-indeno[3a,4-c]furan-3-ylmethyl)-2-methyl-but-3-enoic acid | 113490-56-5 | C19H26O5 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-4-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-butyric acid | 35331-13-6 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6aS)-4-hydroxyhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1220043-30-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 4-Ethyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-oxetanon | 67354-14-7 | C8H16O2Si |
| —— | 8-iodo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one | 90641-27-3 | C8H11IO2 |
| —— | (3R,5R)-5-Isopropyl-3-((R)-1-methyl-allyl)-[1,4]oxathian-2-one | 126424-35-9 | C11H18O2S |
| —— | 5,5-dimethyl-3-(p-tolyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1342897-20-4 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-trans-4,6-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 32747-17-4 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | (1SR,6RS,7SR.8RS)-(+/-)-7-hydroxymethyl-8-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-2-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonane-3-one | 143400-03-7 | C14H22O5 |
| —— | 65461-29-2 | C19H24O4 | |
| —— | 4-Benzylsulfanyl-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 69247-08-1 | C13H16O2S |
| —— | (4R,6S)-6-[furan-3-yl]-4-hydroxytetrahydropyran-2-one | 212969-23-8 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | (8aR,10R,12aS)-10,14-Dihydroxy-4,12a-dimethyl-hexadecahydro-2-oxa-indeno[1,7a-a]phenanthren-3-one | 67305-88-8 | C22H34O4 |
| —— | diethyl 4-methyl-3-oxo-5,6a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-6,6-dicarboxylate | 115399-22-9 | C14H18O6 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one | 352214-82-5 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1169843-21-3 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (2S,6S,7S,9S,15R)-15-((S)-2-Hydroxy-pent-4-enyl)-15-methyl-2,9-diphenyl-1,8,13,16-tetraoxa-dispiro[5.0.5.4]hexadecan-14-one | 220691-51-0 | C30H36O6 |
| —— | (+/-)-6,7-O,O'-adipoylsynthanecine A | 119741-02-5 | C13H19NO4 |
| —— | tert-butyl N-(7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-2-yl)carbamate | 1228186-88-6 | C12H17NO4 |
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