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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ethane;[8-(methylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate —— C19H31NO7S
    Ethane;[8-(methylsulfonylcarbamoyl)-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— 5-Bromo-3-ethyloxolan-2-one —— C6H9BrO2
    5-Bromo-3-ethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H12O4
    (5R)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Methyloxecan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    3-Methyloxecan-2-one
    —— Methyl 3-formyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C7H8O5
    Methyl 3-formyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,4R,5R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde —— C14H24O4Si
    (3aR,4R,5R)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-oxo-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-4-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-1(8)-en-2-one —— C8H10O3
    4-(Hydroxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-1(8)-en-2-one
    —— (6-Cyano-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C16H21NO4
    (6-Cyano-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-2-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— (2E)-2-[4-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide —— C11H19N3O2S
    (2E)-2-[4-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)butan-2-ylidene]hydrazinecarbothioamide
    —— 4-Ethyl-6,7-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C11H18O2
    4-Ethyl-6,7-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— (3Z)-3-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C15H22O2
    (3Z)-3-[2-(2,2-dimethyl-6-methylidenecyclohexyl)ethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-nonoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C15H26O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3-nonoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3E)-3-[6-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]hexoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one —— C16H22O6
    (3E)-3-[6-[(Z)-(2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)methoxy]hexoxymethylidene]oxolan-2-one
    —— Ethane;(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C11H18O4
    Ethane;(5-oxooxolan-2-yl)methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— (2R)-N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-oxooxetane-2-carboxamide —— C8H13NO3
    (2R)-N-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-4-oxooxetane-2-carboxamide
    —— 4-Heptan-3-yl-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[5.1.0]octane-2,6-dione —— C16H26O3
    4-Heptan-3-yl-8,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[5.1.0]octane-2,6-dione
    —— [(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 4-deuterio-2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C25H38O5
    [(1R,3S,7R,8R,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4S)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 4-deuterio-2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 5-Phenyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C18H16O3
    5-Phenyl-5-(2-phenylethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (3R)-2-ethyl-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C8H12O4
    (3R)-2-ethyl-4-methyl-5-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 3,3,4,4,5,5-Hexahydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C4H6O8
    3,3,4,4,5,5-Hexahydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-4-methoxy-6-[(1R,6R)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4-dienyl]oxan-2-one —— C26H48O5Si
    (4R,6R)-4-methoxy-6-[(1R,6R)-6-methoxy-3-methyl-1-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxynona-2,4-dienyl]oxan-2-one
    —— 7-Propoxyoxepan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    7-Propoxyoxepan-2-one
    —— (7-Methoxy-3-methyl-10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[3.3.2]dec-4-en-3-yl) 2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate —— C21H30O5
    (7-Methoxy-3-methyl-10-oxo-9-oxabicyclo[3.3.2]dec-4-en-3-yl) 2,2-dimethyl-1-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
    —— (1S,15R)-2,16-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.01,18.02,7.08,10.012,16]nonadec-7-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',5-dione —— C24H30O3
    (1S,15R)-2,16-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.01,18.02,7.08,10.012,16]nonadec-7-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2',5-dione
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione —— C6H8O5
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)oxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (4,5-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2,2-difluoropropanoate;(7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 3,3,3-trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoate —— C24H31F5O8
    (4,5-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2,2-difluoropropanoate;(7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 3,3,3-trifluoro-2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— Ethane;4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one —— C11H18O2
    Ethane;4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decan-5-one
    —— (3-Methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)methanesulfonic acid —— C6H10O5S
    (3-Methyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl)methanesulfonic acid
    —— [(Z)-1-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [(Z)-1-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl)propan-2-ylideneamino]urea
    —— [(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R,13R)-1,13-dimethoxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C22H32O7
    [(1R,4R,9R,10R,12R,13R)-1,13-dimethoxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— (3R,5S,6R)-5-bromo-3-tert-butyl-6-fluoro-6-methyloxan-2-one —— C10H16BrFO2
    (3R,5S,6R)-5-bromo-3-tert-butyl-6-fluoro-6-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 5-(8-Heptadecenyl)-3-hydroxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C21H38O3
    5-(8-Heptadecenyl)-3-hydroxydihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one —— C20H29BrO2
    (4R,5R)-5-[(2R)-2-[(1R,3aR,7aR)-4-(bromomethylidene)-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propyl]-4-methyl-3-methylideneoxolan-2-one
    —— 3-(2-Methylpropyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C9H15NO2
    3-(2-Methylpropyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— 4-Propyliminooxolan-2-one —— C7H11NO2
    4-Propyliminooxolan-2-one
    —— (2E)-2-(1-{2-oxo-5-[(pentyloxy)methyl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl}propan-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (non-preferred name) —— C14H25N3O3S
    (2E)-2-(1-{2-oxo-5-[(pentyloxy)methyl]tetrahydrofuran-3-yl}propan-2-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (non-preferred name)
    —— (5S)-5-ethyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione —— C9H12O3
    (5S)-5-ethyl-3-prop-2-enyloxolane-2,4-dione
    —— (2,4-Dimethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl) acetate —— C9H14O4
    (2,4-Dimethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl) acetate
    —— (5S)-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    (5S)-5-ethoxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (4,5-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C28H44O8
    (4,5-Dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate;(7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-4-yl) 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— 3-Chloro-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-cyclopentylethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C17H25ClO3
    3-Chloro-6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-cyclopentylethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— [(9R,12S)-1,13-dihydroxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C20H28O7
    [(9R,12S)-1,13-dihydroxy-2,12-dimethyl-8-methylidene-5-oxo-6,15-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.04,9]pentadec-2-en-10-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— [(9E)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylpropanoate —— C19H24O7
    [(9E)-15-hydroxy-5-methylidene-6-oxo-7,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.3.01,13.04,8]heptadec-9-en-3-yl] 2-methylpropanoate
    —— (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate —— C22H36O4
    (5-Oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2-tert-butyl-2,4,4-trimethylpentanoate
    —— (6,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;ethane —— C19H32O4
    (6,8-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-1-yl) 2,2-dimethylpropanoate;ethane
    —— [(E)-1-[5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O3S
    [(E)-1-[5-(3-methylbutoxymethyl)-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 3-(1-Phenylethyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C13H15NO2
    3-(1-Phenylethyliminomethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-butyl-4-pentylideneoxetan-2-one —— C12H20O2
    (3S)-3-butyl-4-pentylideneoxetan-2-one
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C24H39BO4P2Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-bis(phosphanyl)boranyloxy-4-[3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl]-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl 7-cyano-9-ethyl-6-oxo-3-(2,4,4-trimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpentoxy)-5-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.04,8]decane-10-carboxylate —— C27H37F6NO5
    1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-yl 7-cyano-9-ethyl-6-oxo-3-(2,4,4-trimethyl-2-propan-2-ylpentoxy)-5-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.04,8]decane-10-carboxylate