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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H16BrClO3
    (5R,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H16BrClO3
    (5S,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5S,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H16BrClO3
    (5S,6S)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (5R,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C15H16BrClO3
    (5R,6R)-5-bromo-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethyl-3,3-dimethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (16R)-16-(4-chlorophenyl)-15-oxadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecane-7,14-dione —— C21H25ClO3
    (16R)-16-(4-chlorophenyl)-15-oxadispiro[5.1.58.36]hexadecane-7,14-dione
    —— (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione —— C10H13Cl3O3
    (6R)-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-6-(trichloromethyl)oxane-2,4-dione
    —— [4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-1-en-2-ylamino]urea —— C14H25N3O3
    [4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-1-en-2-ylamino]urea
    —— [4-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]but-1-en-2-ylamino]urea —— C10H17N3O3
    [4-[(3S,5R)-5-methyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]but-1-en-2-ylamino]urea
    —— [[(Z)-1-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-yl]amino]thiourea —— C10H17N3O2S
    [[(Z)-1-[(3R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-yl]prop-1-en-2-yl]amino]thiourea
    —— 2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide —— C14H20N4O3S2
    2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide
    —— 2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide —— C14H20N4O3S2
    2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide
    —— 2-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide —— C14H20N4O3S2
    2-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylcarbamothioyl)acetamide
    —— [4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O2S
    [4-[(3S,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]but-1-en-2-ylamino]thiourea
    —— (3S)-3-acetyl-3-benzyloxolan-2-one —— C13H14O3
    (3S)-3-acetyl-3-benzyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-acetyl-3-benzyloxolan-2-one —— C13H14O3
    (3R)-3-acetyl-3-benzyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid —— C6H8O7
    (2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid
    —— (2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate —— C6H7O7-
    (2R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetate
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one —— C8H14O8
    (3S,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(1S,2R,3S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C25H38N2O6
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C24H34N2O6
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C25H38N2O6
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[5-[[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]pentyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C24H34N2O6
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-1-[4-[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one —— C12H22O4
    (3S,5R)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5-pentyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    (3R,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    (3S,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O4
    (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-3-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate —— C17H17Cl3O5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate
    —— [(3R,3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate —— C17H17Cl3O5
    [(3R,3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate —— C17H17Cl3O5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aR,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2,2-trichloroacetate
    —— (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5S,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one —— C20H30O5
    (3Z,4S)-3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5S,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aR,9R,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,9,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H20O3
    (3R,3aR,9R,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,9,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— (3R,3aR,9S,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,9,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione —— C15H20O3
    (3R,3aR,9S,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5,8,9,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione
    —— [(3S,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate —— C17H20O5
    [(3S,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] acetate
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2S)-2-chloropropanoate —— C18H21ClO5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2S)-2-chloropropanoate
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2R)-2-chloropropanoate —— C18H21ClO5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] (2R)-2-chloropropanoate
    —— (1R,4S,8R,9S,10S,12R)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one —— C20H28O4
    (1R,4S,8R,9S,10S,12R)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one
    —— propan-2-yl (1S,2S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate —— C13H20O4
    propan-2-yl (1S,2S,3S,5S)-3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] propanoate —— C18H22O5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bR)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] propanoate
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2-dichloropropanoate —— C18H20Cl2O5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2,2-dichloropropanoate
    —— (3R,5R)-3-hexyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (3R,5R)-3-hexyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-phenylacetate —— C23H24O5
    [(3R,3aR,4R,9aS,9bS)-3,6,9-trimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-phenylacetate
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[3-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C23H34N2O6
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-[3-[[(1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carbonyl]amino]propyl]-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1R,4S)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    (1R,4S)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— (1S,4R)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C14H23NO4
    (1S,4R)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide
    —— 2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H17O4-
    2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetate
    —— 2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C11H18O4
    2-[(3R,5R)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— 2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetic acid —— C11H18O4
    2-[(3S,5S)-2-oxo-5-pentyloxolan-3-yl]acetic acid
    —— (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-prop-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide —— C13H19NO3
    (1R,4S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-N-prop-2-enyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxamide