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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (1S,6S)-9,9-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (1S,6S)-9,9-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (1R,6R)-9,9-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (1R,6R)-9,9-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (1R,6S)-9,9-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one —— C10H16O2
    (1R,6S)-9,9-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[4.2.1]nonan-3-one
    —— (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C7H11NO3
    (3S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C8H13NO3
    (3R,4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— methyl (3R,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C14H16O4
    methyl (3R,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R)-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one —— C15H18O2
    (3R)-3-phenyl-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C8H13NO3
    (3S,4S)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C13H14O4
    (3R,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3S,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid —— C13H14O4
    (3S,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (3R,4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C8H13NO3
    (3R,4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxamide —— C10H17NO3
    (3R,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C13H13NO2
    (3R,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,4R)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide —— C16H19NO3
    (3S,4R)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4R)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide —— C16H19NO3
    (3R,4R)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C13H13NO2
    (3S,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3R,4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide —— C16H19NO3
    (3R,4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S,4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide —— C16H19NO3
    (3S,4S)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3R,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxamide —— C10H17NO3
    (3R,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— α-Carboxy-β-phenyl-γ-methyl-γ-valerolacton —— C13H14O4
    α-Carboxy-β-phenyl-γ-methyl-γ-valerolacton
    —— (3S,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxamide —— C10H17NO3
    (3S,4S)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-propan-2-yloxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— methyl (3S,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C14H16O4
    methyl (3S,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C13H13NO2
    (3R,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— (3S,4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide —— C8H13NO3
    (3S,4R)-4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxamide
    —— (3S,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile —— C13H13NO2
    (3S,4R)-5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-4-phenyloxolane-3-carbonitrile
    —— trans-γ,γ-dimethyl-α-methoxycarbonyl-β-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C14H16O4
    trans-γ,γ-dimethyl-α-methoxycarbonyl-β-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— propyl (2R)-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate —— C9H14O4
    propyl (2R)-2-methyl-5-oxooxolane-2-carboxylate
    —— (1S,5R)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one —— C6H8O3
    (1S,5R)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one
    —— ethyl (3R,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H11ClO4
    ethyl (3R,5S)-5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C8H11ClO4
    ethyl (3S,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2R,5R)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate —— C9H14O4
    methyl (2R,5R)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— methyl (2R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate —— C9H14O4
    methyl (2R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3R,5S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3R,5S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3S,5S)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— methyl (2S,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate —— C9H14O4
    methyl (2S,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxane-2-carboxylate
    —— (3S,5R)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (3S,5R)-5-(methoxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (3R,5R)-3-acetyl-5-methyloxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-propyloxolan-2-one —— C9H14O3
    (3S,5S)-3-acetyl-5-propyloxolan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one —— C6H8O2
    (1R,4S)-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one
    —— ethyl (2R,3S)-4,5-dioxo-2-pentan-3-yloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C12H18O5
    ethyl (2R,3S)-4,5-dioxo-2-pentan-3-yloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2R,3S)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H16O5
    ethyl (2R,3S)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2S,3R)-4,5-dioxo-2-pentan-3-yloxolane-3-carboxylate —— C12H18O5
    ethyl (2S,3R)-4,5-dioxo-2-pentan-3-yloxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (2S,3R)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate —— C11H16O5
    ethyl (2S,3R)-2-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dioxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— 1-Phenylpent-1-yn-3-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate —— C21H24O4
    1-Phenylpent-1-yn-3-yl 4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate
    —— (5R)-5-ethoxyoxolane-2,3,4-trione —— C6H6O5
    (5R)-5-ethoxyoxolane-2,3,4-trione
    —— (3R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C7H6F6O3
    (3R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— methyl (1S,5S)-2-(carbamoylamino)-1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate —— C12H17N3O6
    methyl (1S,5S)-2-(carbamoylamino)-1-hydroxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxo-7-oxa-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene-4-carboxylate
    —— [1-[2-Oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea —— C14H25N3O4S
    [1-[2-Oxo-5-(2-propan-2-yloxyethoxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl]propan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea