内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 7-((E)-3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-1-enyl)-oxepan-2-one | 125214-68-8 | C11H18O3 |
|
| —— | 3-deoxy-d-mannoic lactone | 85985-74-6 | C6H10O5 |
|
| —— | (1R,6S,7S,8S)-7-ethyl-8-phenyl-1-nitro-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-one | 1378941-92-4 | C15H17NO4 |
|
| —— | 3-phenethyl-pentanedioic acid anhydride | 71280-36-9 | C13H14O3 |
|
| —— | 2,3-bis-(5,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-succinic acid dimethyl ester | 101887-44-9 | C18H26O8 |
|
| —— | 9-METHYL-2-OXASPIRO[5.5]UNDECAN-3-ONE | 465533-26-0 | C11H18O2 |
|
| —— | 5-diethylaminomethyl-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27846-67-9 | C12H23NO2 |
|
| —— | 3-<(Dimethylamino)methyl>-4,5-dihydro-4,4,5-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanon | 102870-17-7 | C10H19NO2 |
|
| —— | 4-(4-Oxo-oxetan-2-yl)-butyraldehyde | 197144-86-8 | C7H10O3 |
|
| —— | (2S,3R)-3-Methoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carbaldehyde | 110089-31-1 | C6H8O4 |
|
| —— | Tricyclo[4.4.3.01,6]-11-oxa-3,12-dioxotridecane | 72542-12-2 | C12H16O3 |
|
| —— | D-glucaric acid-1-isobutyl ester-6=>3-lactone | 122360-89-8 | C10H16O7 |
|
| —— | 5-oxatetracyclo[4.4.0.02,8.03,7]dec-9-en-4-one | 77083-36-4 | C9H8O2 |
|
| —— | 591231-25-3 | C29H42O6 |
|
|
| —— | 19β,28-epoxy-4-hydroxy-3,4-seco-18α-oleanan-3-oic acid lactone | 124150-16-9 | C30H48O3 |
|
| —— | ((E)-3-But-1-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 90292-24-3 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | (E)-(2R,4S,5S,6S)-9-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-7-nonenecarboxylic acid γ-lactone | 103563-59-3 | C16H28O4 |
|
| —— | (3R,4S,5S)-3-methyl-4-(nitromethyl)-5-tridecyloxolan-2-one | 1452900-15-0 | C19H35NO4 |
|
| —— | 6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4-(pivaloyloxymethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one | 1323991-12-3 | C14H22O6 |
|
| —— | (4S,5R)-(+)-hydroxy-5 heptanolide-4 | 97101-19-4 | C7H12O3 |
|
| —— | 80110-18-5 | C22H36O7 |
|
|
| —— | α-Cyano-δ,δ-pentamethylen-δ-valerolacton | 28525-68-0 | C11H15NO2 |
|
| —— | 3-Furancarboxylic acid, tetrahydro-5-methyl-2-oxo-, ethyl ester | 14872-53-8 | C8H12O4 |
|
| —— | methyl <3E,(4aR),4aβ,8α,8aα>-2,3,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-3-ethylidene-2-oxo-8-hydroxy-1,4-benzodioxin-6-carboxylate | 139704-91-9 | C12H14O6 |
|
| —— | 4,5-dibutyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carbonitrile | 36603-22-2 | C13H21NO2 |
|
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-3-benzyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one | 215798-01-9 | C18H28O3Si |
|
| —— | (-)-1α-Ethyl-5β-(hydroxymethyl)-3aβ,4,5,7aα-tetrahydroindan-4β-carboxylic Acid γ-Lactone | 91109-68-1 | C13H18O2 |
|
| —— | (5S)-5-[(2S,4R)-2,4-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-6-hydroxyhexyl]oxolan-2-one | 1047684-68-3 | C22H46O5Si2 |
|
| —— | 3-ethyl-3-[(E)-2-nitroprop-1-enyl]oxan-2-one | 114577-89-8 | C10H15NO4 |
|
| —— | (3S,6R)-3-methyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1354401-70-9 | C8H12O2 |
|
| —— | 1407674-48-9 | C9H15NO2 |
|
|
| —— | 5-(bromomethyl)-5-(ethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1402559-72-1 | C7H11BrO2 |
|
| —— | 2-propenyl <5R-(5α,8α,8aα)>-<5-<<(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-5,6,8,8a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-5-<(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl>spiro<1H-2-benzopyran-7(3H),2'-<1,3>dioxolan>-8-yl>carbamate | 225368-13-8 | C26H41NO7Si2 |
|
| —— | 3-(cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)oxetanone | 77192-33-7 | C8H10O2 |
|
| —— | α-Acetyl-δ-brom-γ-valerolacton | 89856-57-5 | C7H9BrO3 |
|
| —— | 5-diethylaminomethyl-3-(3-methyl-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27846-69-1 | C14H27NO2 |
|
| —— | 33880-82-9 | C16H24O3 |
|
|
| —— | (1R,4S,8S)-1,8-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2,4-dione | 311806-81-2 | C9H12O3 |
|
| —— | 92721-14-7 | C9H14O2 |
|
|
| —— | sodium bis(2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutyrato)oxochromate(V) | 84622-43-5 | C8H12CrO7*Na |
|
| —— | (E)-(2S,4S,7R,11S)-2,4,7,9,11-Pentamethyl-1,5-dioxa-cyclododec-8-ene-6,12-dione | 92771-00-1 | C15H24O4 |
|
| —— | (E)-(2S,4S,7R,11R)-2,4,7,9,11-Pentamethyl-1,5-dioxa-cyclododec-9-ene-6,12-dione | 92771-00-1 | C15H24O4 |
|
| —— | α-Methylen-β-nonyl-γ-butyrolacton | 137669-69-3 | C14H24O2 |
|
| —— | 5-(bromo(isopropyl)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1379786-24-9 | C8H13BrO2 |
|
| —— | 1240382-65-3 | C17H30O3Si |
|
|
| —— | (S)-5-((S)-1-Amino-pent-4-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 873017-39-1 | C9H15NO2 |
|
| —— | 1240382-58-4 | C11H16O3 |
|
|
| —— | 5,6-Bis-O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)-D-glucono-1,4-lacton | 78283-75-7 | C18H38O6Si2 |
|
| —— | 7-oxo-5-hydroxy-4,6,8,8-tetramethylnonanoic acid δ-lactone | 72658-41-4 | C13H22O3 |
|
| —— | 1,2-Dimethyl-1-triphenylsilylcyclopropan-2,3-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 33168-02-4 | C25H22O3Si |
|
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