内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (5S)-5-[(1S)-1-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxypropyl]tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 865487-01-0 | C23H30O3Si |
| —— | 4-(2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylcyclopentyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone | 73879-72-8 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 3aβ,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9aβ-octahydro-8aβ-methyl-3-methylenenaphtho<2,3-b>furan-2(3H)-one | 74063-98-2 | C14H18O2 |
| —— | (5S)-5-[(1R)-2-cyclohexyl-1-hydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-one | 136944-72-4 | C12H20O3 |
| —— | (1R,5S)-6-((Z)-benzylidene)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 1613445-87-6 | C12H10O2 |
| —— | (3S,5R,1'R)-5-[1-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-iodopropyl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one | 1015071-29-0 | C14H27IO3Si |
| —— | 4-<1-Hydroxypropyl>-oxetanon-(2) | 3285-44-7 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-3-(2-methyl-2-(triethylsilylperoxy)propyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1321200-09-2 | C16H32O4Si |
| —— | (+/-)-9-methoxy-7<i>t</i>-methyl-(4a<i>r</i>)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-1<i>t</i>,4<i>t</i>-etheno-naphthalene-2<i>t</i>,3<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>,6<i>t</i>-tetracarboxylic acid-2,3;5,6-dianhydride | 132859-70-2 | C18H16O7 |
| —— | (2R,4R,9S)-2,4,7,7,9-Pentamethyl-[1,5]dioxecane-6,10-dione | 191486-39-2 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | linderanine-C | 139681-96-2 | C15H16O5 |
| —— | (S)-4-(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)oxepan-2-one | 1436856-97-1 | C14H20O2Si |
| —— | 3-(3-hydroxy-butyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 22766-95-6 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 5-Butyl-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 318472-47-8 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | 3,3,5,5-d<sub>4</sub>-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 135005-73-1 | C4H6O2 |
| —— | γ-Lacton der 7-Hydroxy-5-carbomethoxy-hexahydroinden-carbonsaeure-(4) | 95566-78-2 | C12H16O5 |
| —— | (5S,6S)-6-phenyl-5-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1346159-01-0 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl 2-[(1R,4R,5R,6S)-10-oxo-11-oxatricyclo[4.3.2.01,5]undec-8-en-4-yl]acetate | 85585-62-2 | C16H22O4 |
| —— | (+/-)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-7a-methyl-4-methylene-trans-hexahydrobenzofuran-2(3H)-one | 104575-75-9 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 3-(4-Methyl-pent-3-enyl)-3-phenylselanyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 84011-76-7 | C20H26O2Se |
| —— | ent-2β-Hydroxy-1α-iodo-3α-(methoxymethoxy)-20-norgibberella-9,16-diene-7,19-dioic acid 7-(methyl ester) 19,2-lactone | 114613-99-9 | C22H27IO6 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one-3,3-d2 | 133871-98-4 | C7H12O2 |
| —— | ent-2β-Hydroxy-1α-iodo-3α-(methoxymethoxy)-16-oxo-17,20-dinorgibberell-9-ene-7,19-dioic acid 7-(methyl ester) 19,2-lactone | 114596-79-1 | C21H25IO7 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-[(1S)-2-cyclohexyl-1-iodoethyl]-3-propan-2-yloxolan-2-one | 118832-52-3 | C15H25IO2 |
| —— | (4R*,6S*)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-phenyl-1-oxacyclohexan-2-one | 106361-71-1 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 5-(4-fluorophenyl)oxepan-2-one | 1402080-50-5 | C12H13FO2 |
| —— | 2-cyano-5,5-dimethyl-4,7-dioxatetracyclo[7.3.1.0(2,6).0(6,13)]tridecan-3-one | 1315247-24-5 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | 4-Ethanesulfonylmethyl-oxetan-2-one | 108616-13-3 | C6H10O4S |
| —— | 4-[(methoxymethoxy)methyl]-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 635753-65-0 | C13H16O4 |
| —— | (3R)-3-[(1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-[(R)-(4-methylphenyl)sulfinyl]cyclohexyl]oxan-2-one | 185613-01-8 | C18H24O4S |
| —— | (S)-3-Eth-(Z)-ylidene-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 141979-33-1 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | rel-(1S,5S,8R)-1-(3-butenyl)-8-iodo-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>oct-2-en-7-one | 114837-69-3 | C11H13IO2 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Butyl-4-methyl-5-trimethylsilanylmethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-2-one | 138452-73-0 | C12H24O3Si |
| —— | 1-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3-isopropyl-cyclopentancarbonsaeure-(3)-lacton | 92015-75-3 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydro-5-iodomethyl-4-trimethylsilyloxy-2(3H)-furanone | 152388-09-5 | C8H15IO3Si |
| —— | 53574-65-5 | C12H15NO3 | |
| —— | 9-hydroxy-10-oxahexacyclo<6.4.0.0<sup>2,7</sup>.0<sup>3,6</sup>.0<sup>4,12</sup>.0<sup>5,9</sup>>dodecan-11-one | 77867-78-8 | C11H10O3 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-tridecyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one | 897657-64-6 | C17H32O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-<i>trans</i>-tetrahydro-benzofuran-2,7-dione-7-semicarbazone | 98961-17-2 | C9H13N3O3 |
| —— | 5(S)-<1(R),3(S)-Dimethyl-2(S)-hydroxy-5-<(trimethylsilyl)oxy>-4-pentynyl>-4(R)-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 137870-87-2 | C15H26O3Si |
| —— | (1S,1aR,2S,3S,4aS,6S,7S,7aS,10S,11R,11aS,E)-1,1a,3,6,7,9,11,11a-octamethyl-10-(3-methyl-2-methylenepentyl)-4,14-dimethylene-1,1a,2,3,4,6,7,10,11,11a-decahydro-5H-1,2-ethano-4a,7a-methanocyclopenta[a]cyclopropa[f][11]annulene | 128735-63-7 | C25H34O8 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-((R)-5'-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2'-oxohex-3'-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1268695-26-6 | C22H40O5Si2 |
| —— | (3α,3aβ,8aβ)-octahydro-3-iodo-2H-cyclohepta(b)-furan-2-one | 97191-23-6 | C9H13IO2 |
| —— | 6-(hexa-1,2,5-trien-3-yl)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1391711-32-2 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 5,5-Bis-pentafluorophenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 79505-97-8 | C16H4F10O2 |
| —— | (3E,7E)-(1R,2R,10R,11S)-2-Hydroxy-12-isopropylidene-4,8-dimethyl-16-oxa-tricyclo[8.4.2.0<sup>1,11</sup>]hexadeca-3,7-dien-15-one | 900803-39-6 | C20H28O3 |
| —— | (S)-2-((2R,3S,4R,5S)-4-Methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-propionaldehyde | 96481-65-1 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,4a,5-tetrahydroisochromen-1-one | 1259056-97-7 | C15H13ClO2 |
| —— | cis-syn-trans-Hexahydro-indan-dicarbonsaeure-(4,5)-anhydrid | 4369-98-6 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-4-(2-Methoxymethoxy-ethyl)-5-methoxymethoxymethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 133951-97-0 | C11H20O6 |
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