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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— [(3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate —— C24H36O5
    [(3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2S)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— 2-[2-[(4Z,6Z)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide —— C17H25NO4
    2-[2-[(4Z,6Z)-3,5-dimethyl-2-oxoocta-4,6-dienyl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetamide
    —— tert-butyl N-[(3S)-5-oxo-4,4-dipropyloxolan-3-yl]carbamate —— C15H27NO4
    tert-butyl N-[(3S)-5-oxo-4,4-dipropyloxolan-3-yl]carbamate
    —— (1R,2R,6S,8S,10S,11R,12S)-11-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-pyrrolidin-1-yl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C19H25NO6
    (1R,2R,6S,8S,10S,11R,12S)-11-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-12-pyrrolidin-1-yl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— [(3aR,4S,9R,9bS)-9-methyl-3,6-dimethylidene-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,8,9,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H20O5
    [(3aR,4S,9R,9bS)-9-methyl-3,6-dimethylidene-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,8,9,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 5-[2-[3-[2-(5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C15H24O6
    5-[2-[3-[2-(5-Oxooxolan-2-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-[2-[3-[2-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C15H24O6
    3-[2-[3-[2-(2-Oxooxolan-3-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (4R)-5-[(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one;(4S)-5-[(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C30H36O10
    (4R)-5-[(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one;(4S)-5-[(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (4S)-5-[(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O5
    (4S)-5-[(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3S,6R)-3-hexyl-6-undecyloxane-2,4-dione —— C22H40O3
    (3S,6R)-3-hexyl-6-undecyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (4R)-5-[(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one —— C15H18O5
    (4R)-5-[(1S,4R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxocyclopent-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylidene-4-(3-oxobutyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— (3R,6R)-3-hexyl-6-undecyloxane-2,4-dione —— C22H40O3
    (3R,6R)-3-hexyl-6-undecyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— [5-(2-Hexadecoxy-1-hydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] propan-2-yl carbonate —— C26H46O8
    [5-(2-Hexadecoxy-1-hydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] propan-2-yl carbonate
    —— 5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-octadecoxyoxolane-2,4-dione —— C24H44O6
    5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3-octadecoxyoxolane-2,4-dione
    —— trans-(E)-6-{2-{7-(4-fluorophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro{4.5}dec-7-en-8-yl}ethenyl}-4-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C23H27FO5
    trans-(E)-6-{2-{7-(4-fluorophenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro{4.5}dec-7-en-8-yl}ethenyl}-4-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— [(3aR,4S,9R,9aR,9bS)-9a-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,8,9,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    [(3aR,4S,9R,9aR,9bS)-9a-hydroxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-3a,4,5,8,9,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— Disodium;[5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate —— C6H8Na2O9S+2
    Disodium;[5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— [5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate —— C6H8O9S
    [5-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate
    —— 6-Hydroxy-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C10H14O3
    6-Hydroxy-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— (6R)-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C17H20Br2O3
    (6R)-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6S)-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C17H20Br2O3
    (6S)-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6S)-6-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C17H20Br2O3
    (6S)-6-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (6R)-6-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione —— C17H20Br2O3
    (6R)-6-[(1S,2R)-1,2-dibromo-2-phenylethyl]-3,3,5,5-tetramethyloxane-2,4-dione
    —— (1R,2R,4R,7E,10R,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-7-hydroxyimino-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-5-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2'-one —— C24H31NO3
    (1R,2R,4R,7E,10R,11S,14S,15S,16S,18S,19S)-7-hydroxyimino-10,14-dimethylspiro[hexacyclo[9.8.0.02,4.05,10.014,19.016,18]nonadec-5-ene-15,5'-oxolane]-2'-one
    —— magnesium;[(5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] phosphate —— C6H7MgO9P
    magnesium;[(5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] phosphate
    —— [(1S,2S,6R,7S,11S)-11-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate —— C19H22O6
    [(1S,2S,6R,7S,11S)-11-hydroxy-5,9,13-trimethylidene-4-oxo-3,14-dioxatricyclo[9.2.1.02,6]tetradecan-7-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate
    —— 4-[2-[3-[2-(5-Oxooxolan-3-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]ethyl]oxolan-2-one —— C15H24O6
    4-[2-[3-[2-(5-Oxooxolan-3-yl)ethoxy]propoxy]ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C10H14O3
    3-Hydroxy-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— (4R)-2-oxo-N-[(5-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C20H22N2O4
    (4R)-2-oxo-N-[(5-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-2-oxo-N-[(5-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C20H22N2O4
    (4S)-2-oxo-N-[(5-phenyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(3Z,5S,6S,7S,8R,11Z,13S,14R,15S,16Z)-8,14-dihydroxy-19-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]-5,7,13,15-tetramethylnonadeca-1,3,11,16-tetraen-6-yl] carbamate —— C33H55NO8
    [(3Z,5S,6S,7S,8R,11Z,13S,14R,15S,16Z)-8,14-dihydroxy-19-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]-5,7,13,15-tetramethylnonadeca-1,3,11,16-tetraen-6-yl] carbamate
    —— (4R)-N-methyl-2-oxo-N-[(3-thiophen-2-yl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C18H21N3O3S
    (4R)-N-methyl-2-oxo-N-[(3-thiophen-2-yl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-methyl-2-oxo-N-[(3-thiophen-2-yl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide —— C18H21N3O3S
    (4S)-N-methyl-2-oxo-N-[(3-thiophen-2-yl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxamide
    —— (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione —— C6H8O6
    (5R)-5-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxyoxolane-2,3-dione
    —— 4-[4-[(2S,4R)-4-ethenyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]butyl]benzenecarboximidamide;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid —— C20H25F3N2O4
    4-[4-[(2S,4R)-4-ethenyl-6-oxooxan-2-yl]butyl]benzenecarboximidamide;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
    —— (+/-)-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone-5-octyl-4-allyl amide —— C17H27NO3
    (+/-)-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone-5-octyl-4-allyl amide
    —— (4S)-N-[[3-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]methyl]-N-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C17H25N3O4
    (4S)-N-[[3-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]methyl]-N-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4R)-N-(2-benzylsulfanylethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C19H25NO3S
    (4R)-N-(2-benzylsulfanylethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (4S)-N-(2-benzylsulfanylethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C19H25NO3S
    (4S)-N-(2-benzylsulfanylethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— [(1S,7R,8R)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate —— C23H32O6
    [(1S,7R,8R)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2-methylbutanoate
    —— sodium;[(5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate —— C6H8NaO9P
    sodium;[(5S)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-2,4-dioxooxolan-3-yl] hydrogen phosphate
    —— (6S)-6-[(1E,3E,6E,9E)-pentadeca-1,3,6,9-tetraenyl]oxan-2-one —— C20H30O2
    (6S)-6-[(1E,3E,6E,9E)-pentadeca-1,3,6,9-tetraenyl]oxan-2-one
    —— [(1S,3R,7S,8aR)-8-[[(2R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]methyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate —— C23H34O5
    [(1S,3R,7S,8aR)-8-[[(2R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]methyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate
    —— (4R)-N-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H21N3O3
    (4R)-N-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— (2R,4R,5S,7S,9S,14R)-7-methyl-12-methylidene-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione —— C15H14O6
    (2R,4R,5S,7S,9S,14R)-7-methyl-12-methylidene-3,6,10,15-tetraoxapentacyclo[12.2.1.02,4.05,7.09,13]heptadec-1(17)-ene-11,16-dione
    —— (4S)-N-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide —— C15H21N3O3
    (4S)-N-[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carboxamide
    —— prop-2-enyl N-[(3S)-5-oxo-4,4-dipropyloxolan-3-yl]carbamate —— C14H23NO4
    prop-2-enyl N-[(3S)-5-oxo-4,4-dipropyloxolan-3-yl]carbamate
    —— 2-[(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid —— C6H8O7
    2-[(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid
    —— [(1aR,3R,4R,4aR,5S,7S,8aR)-4-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-1a,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]naphthalen-5-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate —— C26H40O6
    [(1aR,3R,4R,4aR,5S,7S,8aR)-4-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-1a,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]naphthalen-5-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— A-75943 —— C15H23NO4
    A-75943