内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3aR,5aS,8aS)-5a-Hydroxy-1-methylene-1,2,3,3a,5a,6-hexahydro-dicyclopenta[b,c]furan-5-one | 137538-06-8 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-Methyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester | 126983-33-3 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | (S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-((2S,3R)-3-methyl-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-propionaldehyde | 853055-22-8 | C15H28O4Si |
| —— | 3-hydroxy-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione | 57765-92-1 | C9H8O4 |
| —— | 15-acetoxy-8α,13-epoxy-14-iodolabdano-20,2β-lactone | 134461-80-6 | C22H33IO5 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6S)-3,5-dimethyl-6-[(E,2S)-pent-3-en-2-yl]oxan-2-one | 89958-64-5 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | 6-Oxo-3-acetyl-2-methyl-tetrahydropyran | 40163-37-9 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (4aα,8aα)-4a-methyl-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-2H-benzopyran-2-one | 128957-00-6 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (1S,5S,8S)-8-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 870288-21-4 | C12H19NO4 |
| —— | Eupteleogenin-acetat | 3649-74-9 | C31H44O5 |
| —— | 4-iodo-5-methyl-1-(trifluoromethyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 131758-83-3 | C9H10F3IO2 |
| —— | 4,4-dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-2-one | 16466-28-7 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,6aR)-3-Ethyl-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 143741-38-2 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (20R)-3β-Dimethylamino-20-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-18-saeure-lacton; 20-Epi-N-methyl-paravallarin | 4275-44-9 | C23H35NO2 |
| —— | <i>rac</i>-3,3-ethanediyldioxy-11β-hydroxy-14,16,18-trioxo-14,15-seco-<i>D</i>-homo-13α-androst-5-ene-18-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 118685-96-4 | C25H34O8 |
| —— | 6,12-epoxy-4β,11β-eudesm-5-en-3-one | 112894-88-9 | C15H22O2 |
| —— | (-)-α-bromocoriamyrtin | 90192-39-5 | C15H17BrO5 |
| —— | (4S,5R,8R)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-8-[(E)-(1R,6R)-6-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1,3,7-trimethyl-2-oxo-oct-3-enyl]-5-methyl-oxocan-2-one | 161029-82-9 | C41H64O5Si2 |
| —— | 1616807-17-0 | C7H8O5 | |
| —— | 2-amino-2,3-dideoxy-L-lyxo-hexono-1,4-lactone hydrochloride | 107036-81-7 | C6H11NO4*ClH |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-pentyl-4-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxyoxan-2-one | 125011-08-7 | C19H38O3Si |
| —— | (4R,6R,1'R)-6-(1'-Iodopentyl)-4-(triisopropylsiloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 135759-18-1 | C19H37IO3Si |
| —— | [(E,4R)-4-[(2R,4R)-4-methoxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]-2-methyl-4-tri(propan-2-yl)silyloxybut-2-enyl] acetate | 641613-63-0 | C22H40O6Si |
| —— | 1,3,8-Trimethyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]dec-8-ene-2,5-dione | 37568-94-8 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | (1S,3S,7R,8R)-6-acetyl-4,9-dioxa-5-azatricyclo<6.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>>undec-5-en-10-one | 119719-63-0 | C10H11NO4 |
| —— | α-hydroxy-γ-pentyl-γ-butyrolactone | 272781-78-9 | C9H16O3 |
| —— | 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-cyclohexylacetursaeure-lacton | 91340-99-7 | C11H17NO4 |
| —— | Bis-dimedon-Verb. von 2,4-Ethyliden-D-glucuron | 117899-03-3 | C24H32O9 |
| —— | 15348-28-4 | C10H17CoN2O8 | |
| —— | Semicarbazon d. γ,γ-(2-Oxo-pentamethylen)-γ-butyrolacton | 93428-34-3 | C10H15N3O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4aR,7aR,8aR)-2,2,3a-Trimethyl-7-methylene-hexahydro-furo[2',3':4,5]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxol-6-one | 133076-84-3 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 4,13-Dimethyl-3,9,12,18-tetraoxa-8,17-diaza-tricyclo[14.2.1.1<sup>7,10</sup>]icosa-7,16-diene-2,11-dione | 78174-83-1 | C16H22N2O6 |
| —— | 1354635-24-7 | C19H38O7Si2 | |
| —— | (+/-)-(3α,5β,8R<sup>*</sup>)-3,8-dihexyl-2,7-dioxaspiro<4.4>nonane-1,6-dione | 94842-26-9 | C19H32O4 |
| —— | 105447-20-9 | C24H32O4Si | |
| —— | 3a,4,5,6-tetrachloro-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-oxo-3,6-methanobenzofuran | 72524-73-3 | C9H6Cl4O2 |
| —— | <3S-<3α,5β(S<sup>*</sup>)>>-5-(2-Cyclohexyl-1-hydroxyethyl)dihydro-3-isopropyl-2(3H)-furanone | 125816-09-3 | C15H26O3 |
| —— | 12-Oxa-dispiro[4.0.5.2]tridecan-13-one | 51175-24-7 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-2,6-Dioxo-6-semicarbazono-2ar(H),5ac(H),8ac(H),8bc(H)-2a,5,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-2H-naphtho <1.8-bc> furan | 91643-74-2 | C12H15N3O3 |
| —— | 113503-52-9 | C20H22O5 | |
| —— | 3α-(hydroxymethyl)-2β,6α-dimethyl-1β-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohexane-2α-carboxylic acid γ-lactone | 77060-43-6 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 3,4-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-pentadecyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-on | 95938-35-5 | C20H38O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-(E)-4-hydroxy-6-<2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthylidene)ethyl>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 137847-53-1 | C17H20O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,6R,6aR)-6-Iodo-4-((Z)-oct-2-enyl)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 117154-37-7 | C15H23IO2 |
| —— | 4-[2-Hydroxy-eth-(Z)-ylidene]-[1,3]oxathiolan-2-one | 126441-94-9 | C5H6O3S |
| —— | 3-acetoxy-4-((4a<i>R</i>)-4a,6<i>t</i>-dimethyl-(4a<i>r</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-hexahydro-2<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>-methano-benzo[1,3]dioxin-6<i>c</i>-yl)-5<i>H</i>-furan-2-one | 111032-02-1 | C17H22O6 |
| —— | (4aα,8aα)-4,4a,7-trimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one | 128956-96-7 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | 3-(3-oxiranylmethoxy-propyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 24018-87-9 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (S)-4-isobutyl-3-methylsulphonyl-5-oxazolidinone | 55739-10-1 | C8H15NO4S |
| —— | (5R,6S)-6-[(S)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-3-hydroxy-propyl]-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 870075-20-0 | C15H30O4Si |
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