内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-(R)-4-methyl-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 39850-02-7 | C18H26O5 |
| —— | (3aS,5R,6aR)-5-hydroxyhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 122921-28-2 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-9-Isobutyl-7-oxatricyclo<4.3.0.0<sup>2,9</sup>>nonan-8-on | 58400-69-4 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | L-oleandrono-1,4-lactone | 94729-12-1 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | 9-Acetyl-oxonane-2,5-dione | 42769-24-4 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 5-[3-Chloro-4-(4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 53954-78-2 | C16H19ClO3 |
| —— | 3-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-1,4-oxathian-2-one | 75355-71-4 | C5H4F4O2S |
| —— | 6-Methyl-dihydro-pyran-2,3,4-trione | 86396-22-7 | C6H6O4 |
| —— | γ-(1-propenyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1130937-80-2 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | <i>cis</i>-tetrahydro-thiopyran-2,6-dicarboxylic acid-anhydride | 116331-08-9 | C7H8O3S |
| —— | (1R,2S,3S,6R,7R,9R)-2-Chloro-1,8,8-trimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 57199-66-3 | C13H17ClO4 |
| —— | anisatin acetonide | 130434-87-6 | C18H24O8 |
| —— | 52114-35-9 | C12H14O5 | |
| —— | (S)-7-Methyl-4-methylene-2-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-1-one | 51769-06-3 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 33158-80-4 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 2-endo,3,6-endo-trimethyl-3-<(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy>-4-oxatricyclo<5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>>decan-5-one | 77224-24-9 | C17H26O4 |
| —— | 5-[3-Chloro-4-(4-hydroxy-cyclohexyl)-phenyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 53954-77-1 | C16H19ClO3 |
| —— | 4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (Z)-(R)-cyclodec-2-enyl ester | 127672-08-6 | C20H30O4 |
| —— | pentalenolactone F | 85416-36-0 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | 1,1,3,3,6,6,8,8-Octamethyl-1,3,3b,6,8,8b-hexahydro-furo[3,4-b]furo[3',4':5,6]pyrano[3,4-d]pyran-4,9-dione | 52040-24-1 | C20H26O6 |
| —— | 2-Bromo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.1<sup>3,8</sup>]undecane-5,9-dione | 53036-78-5 | C10H11BrO3 |
| —— | methyl (Z)-2-cyano-2-(6-methyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-ylidene)ethanoate | 1372812-67-3 | C9H10N2O4 |
| —— | rac-(1R,2S,6R,7R,10R,10aR,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-4-oxooctahydro-2H,4H-2,6,6a-(epimethanetriyloxymethano)benzo[d]oxocine-7,10-diyl diacetate | 72844-69-0 | C18H24O8 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-4-((E)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 23636-68-2 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 6-endo-Acetoxy-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>octan-3-on | 51608-92-5 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 52356-42-0 | C13H15BrO4 | |
| —— | (3aS,6aR,7S,8R,10aS)-7-(2-Furan-3-yl-ethyl)-4-methoxy-7,8-dimethyl-octahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalene-3,5-dione | 52210-13-6 | C21H28O5 |
| —— | 3a-methyl-cis-hexahydrocyclopenta<b>furan-2-one | 39778-83-1 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | (2S)-(3S)-(4S)-2-C-methyl-5-deoxyribono-1,4-lactone | 116491-25-9 | C6H10O4 |
| —— | 11,13-Dihydro-15-chloro-1-epiallohelenalin | 42895-80-7 | C15H19ClO4 |
| —— | Acetic acid 1-ethyl-1-methyl-3-((1R,5aS,9aS)-6,6,9a-trimethyl-3-oxo-decahydro-benzo[c]oxepin-1-yl)-propyl ester | 52567-95-0 | C21H36O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (2R,3S,4S,5R,8R,9S,10S,11R)-5-ethyl-9,11-dihydroxy-2,4,8,10,12,14-hexamethyl-7-oxo-6,15-dioxa-bicyclo[10.2.1]pentadec-1(14)-en-3-yl ester | 51021-71-7 | C23H38O7 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-5-Cyano-3-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 50676-20-5 | C12H17NO4 |
| —— | 54837-70-6 | C24H24O10 | |
| —— | 39020-23-0 | C15H18O6 | |
| —— | (2R,3S)-2,3,4-Trimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 51486-73-8 | C13H20O6 |
| —— | (3R,3aR,4S,5aS,7R,8S,9bR)-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3,4,7-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[g][1]benzofuran-5a-carbonitrile | 1429194-84-2 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | 1420965-11-2 | C17H26O4Si | |
| —— | trans-3-hydroxy-5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1233242-09-5 | C8H8O3S |
| —— | 6-(2-phenylethyl)-3-phenylselanyloxan-2-one | 172805-64-0 | C19H20O2Se |
| —— | 4-[(1R,2R,3R)-2-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-2-methyl-3-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-cyclopentyl]-pentanoic acid methyl ester | 63472-61-7 | C20H32O6 |
| —— | α-(4-Methyl-2-oxopentyl)-γ-butyrolacton | 79138-02-6 | C10H16O3 |
| —— | 8-Desoxy-4,5,6,7,10,11,12,13-oktahydro-lankacidin-C-2'-ol | 52557-80-9 | C25H43NO6 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R,6R,7S)-7-Acetoxy-2-[(3aS,4S,7aR)-7,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-4-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-3a-yl]-6-methyl-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 57494-41-4 | C28H42O8 |
| —— | 3-allyl-3-methyl-4-(1-phenyl-but-3-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 332940-65-5 | C18H22O2 |
| —— | 1062629-31-5 | C10H16O4 | |
| —— | methyl 5-(4-bromophenyl)-8-methyl-7,9-dioxo-6-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-9-carboxylate | 1240483-09-3 | C18H19BrO5 |
| —— | 2-bromo-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone | 142329-65-5 | C11H21BrO4Si |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-((S)-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1350524-17-2 | C7H12O4 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-Hydroxymethyl-4-((E)-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 114605-38-8 | C8H12O3 |
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