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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— exo-norbornene-carboxylic acid tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester —— C12H14O4
    exo-norbornene-carboxylic acid tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester
    —— endo-norbornene-carboxylic acid tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester —— C12H14O4
    endo-norbornene-carboxylic acid tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl ester
    —— cis-dihydro-3,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H22O4Si2
    cis-dihydro-3,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— trans-dihydro-3,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H22O4Si2
    trans-dihydro-3,4-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— ethyl (3aSR,6aSR)-6a-allyl-2-oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3a-carboxylate —— C13H18O4
    ethyl (3aSR,6aSR)-6a-allyl-2-oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-3a-carboxylate
    —— (R,S)-4,5-dihydro-4-(dimethylaminosulfonamido)-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C12H24N2O4S
    (R,S)-4,5-dihydro-4-(dimethylaminosulfonamido)-3,3-dipropyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— <3aR-<3aα,4aα,5α,6β(S<sup>*</sup>),8aα,8bα>>-6-<(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl>-2-ethoxy-3a,4a,5,6,8a,8b-hexahydro-5,8a-dimethyl-8H-pyrano<3',4':4,5>furo<3,2-d>oxazol-8-one —— C18H27NO7
    <3aR-<3aα,4aα,5α,6β(S<sup>*</sup>),8aα,8bα>>-6-<(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl>-2-ethoxy-3a,4a,5,6,8a,8b-hexahydro-5,8a-dimethyl-8H-pyrano<3',4':4,5>furo<3,2-d>oxazol-8-one
    —— (4S,E)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1R,4aS,5R, 6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,8a-trimethyldecahydronaphthalen-1-yl) ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C20H32O5
    (4S,E)-4-hydroxy-3-(2-((1R,4aS,5R, 6R,8aS)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,8a-trimethyldecahydronaphthalen-1-yl) ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3,5-dimethyl-4-[(3R)-3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuranoxy)carbonyl]-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydrofuran —— C15H22O6
    3,5-dimethyl-4-[(3R)-3-(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuranoxy)carbonyl]-2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydrofuran
    —— (2S,3R,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone —— C12H14O3
    (2S,3R,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-phenyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 4-pentadecyloxetan-2-one —— C18H34O2
    4-pentadecyloxetan-2-one
    —— 5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-isopropyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one —— C41H52O5Si2
    5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(1-hydroxy-isopropyl)-3,4,5-trihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-Methylene-2H-pyran-2-one —— C6H8O2
    4-Methylene-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-methylene-5-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C13H14O2
    5-methyl-3-methylene-5-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-amino-5-ethoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H11NO3
    (4S)-4-amino-5-ethoxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(E-phenylmethylene)-5-methyl-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C14H14O2
    3-(E-phenylmethylene)-5-methyl-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R)-2-phenyl δ-valerolactone —— C11H12O2
    (R)-2-phenyl δ-valerolactone
    —— 3-methyl-4-(4-pentenyl)oxetan-2-one —— C9H14O2
    3-methyl-4-(4-pentenyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-(4-cyano-2-butyl)-2-butyl-4-butanolide —— C13H21NO2
    4-(4-cyano-2-butyl)-2-butyl-4-butanolide
    —— 3-cyclopentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H14O2
    3-cyclopentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1-(2H-3,4-dihydropyran-6-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one —— C10H12O3
    1-(2H-3,4-dihydropyran-6-yl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one
    —— (+/-)-(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C11H20O3
    (+/-)-(3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (1S,5R)-1-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C22H26O3Si
    (1S,5R)-1-(tert-butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 8a-phenyl-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one —— C17H18O2
    8a-phenyl-2a,3,4,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,1'S)-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C10H18O6
    (3R,4R,1'S)-3-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4S,5S)-(E)-4-(3-hydroxyhept-1-enyl)-5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C12H20O4
    (4S,5S)-(E)-4-(3-hydroxyhept-1-enyl)-5-hydroxymethyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C13H16O3
    (+/-)-(3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 3,3,5-Trimethyl-6-phenyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione —— C14H16O3
    3,3,5-Trimethyl-6-phenyl-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— α-(Z)-(1'-Bromononylidene)-β-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C14H22Br2O2
    α-(Z)-(1'-Bromononylidene)-β-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3,3a,6,7-tetrahydro-8-methyl-cyclohepta[c]furan-1-one —— C10H12O2
    3,3a,6,7-tetrahydro-8-methyl-cyclohepta[c]furan-1-one
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-heptanoic acid-δ-lactone —— C9H16O3
    (2S,3R,4R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-heptanoic acid-δ-lactone
    —— (3R,4S,5S,9S)-3,5,9-trihydroxy-4-methylundecanoic acid δ-lactone —— C12H22O4
    (3R,4S,5S,9S)-3,5,9-trihydroxy-4-methylundecanoic acid δ-lactone
    —— (Z)-3-(1-methoxypropylidene)-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C8H12O3
    (Z)-3-(1-methoxypropylidene)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11α-hydroxy-1αH,6βH-guai-4-enolide —— C21H38O5Si2
    3β,10α-bistrimethylsilyloxy-11α-hydroxy-1αH,6βH-guai-4-enolide
    —— 6-(bromomethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C14H17BrO2
    6-(bromomethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-(bromomethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C14H17BrO2
    6-(bromomethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-(1-bromo-2-methyl-1-butenyl)-tetrahydro-2-furanone —— C9H13BrO2
    5-(1-bromo-2-methyl-1-butenyl)-tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (S)-4-(trimethylsilanyl-ethynyl) oxetan-2-one —— C8H12O2Si
    (S)-4-(trimethylsilanyl-ethynyl) oxetan-2-one
    —— 2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one, 3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl- —— C13H18O2
    2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one, 3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,8b-octahydro-8,8-dimethyl-
    —— methyl 9-fluoro-3-oxo-2-oxa-8-azaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]non-[6]ene-4,1'-cyclohexane]-8-carboxylate —— C14H18FNO4
    methyl 9-fluoro-3-oxo-2-oxa-8-azaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]non-[6]ene-4,1'-cyclohexane]-8-carboxylate
    —— (8,8-di-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2,2a,4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-octahydro-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-3-yl)acetaldehyde —— C19H29NO6Si
    (8,8-di-tert-butyl-2-oxo-2,2a,4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-octahydro-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-3-yl)acetaldehyde
    —— (1S,4S,5S,6S,5'R)-4-(2',2'-dimethyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C16H18O4
    (1S,4S,5S,6S,5'R)-4-(2',2'-dimethyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S,6R,5'R)-4-(2',2'-dimethyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C16H18O4
    (1R,4R,5S,6R,5'R)-4-(2',2'-dimethyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1R,4R,5S,6S,5'R)-4-(2',2'-dimethyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C16H18O4
    (1R,4R,5S,6S,5'R)-4-(2',2'-dimethyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R,5S,6R,5'R)-4-(2',2'-dimethyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C16H18O4
    (1S,4R,5S,6R,5'R)-4-(2',2'-dimethyl-[1',3']dioxolan-4'-yl)-6-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 5-ethyl-3-fluorodihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H9FO2
    5-ethyl-3-fluorodihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl camphanoate —— C19H30O6
    2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl camphanoate
    —— 2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl camphanoate —— C19H30O6
    2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylmethyl camphanoate
    —— lovastatin amide —— C24H35NO6
    lovastatin amide
    —— (3R,5R,1'S)-5-(1-amino-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H17NO2
    (3R,5R,1'S)-5-(1-amino-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one