内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-[1-Iodo-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-4-isopropyl-oxetan-2-one | 178173-77-8 | C7H9IO2 |
| —— | 4-(1,1-dimethyl-allyl)-4-ethyl-3-methyl-oxetan-2-one | 58363-28-3 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 3-(6-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-heptyl)-dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one | 1082301-50-5 | C14H26O3 |
| —— | 3-γ-butyrolactonyl propiolate | 1441003-92-4 | C7H6O4 |
| —— | 3-Acetoxy-3-methyl-butanolid | 1424-34-6 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S)-4-Methyl-3-((R)-1-methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 115115-33-8 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 3-phenyl-[1,3]oxarsinan-6-one | 67696-16-6 | C10H11AsO2 |
| —— | 4-Cyanomethyl-5-hydroxy-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 52089-31-3 | C9H11NO5 |
| —— | 4,15-Isoatriplicolide methylacrylate | 133559-38-3 | C19H20O6 |
| —— | (1R,5S,7R)-4-allyl-7-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-1-methyl-2-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>nonan-3-one | 148679-95-2 | C16H26O4 |
| —— | (5aS,6S,7S,8S,8aR)-6-(2-Furan-3-yl-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-8-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7-methyl-3,4,5,5a,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 41759-76-6 | C19H24O6 |
| —— | (3aR,6aR)-6-(1-methylethylidene)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1373312-18-5 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 2-methyl-4-phenylpentanedioic anhydride | 423754-62-5 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 1056441-36-1 | C11H22O4Si | |
| —— | 42977-33-3 | C25H38O7 | |
| —— | 3RS-<5-D(1)>mevalonolacton | 10012-92-7 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | neolaxiflorin A | 1352659-99-4 | C20H26O5 |
| —— | (1S,5S,6S)-6-Methoxy-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 136713-40-1 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,3S,6S,10S)-2-Chloro-3,7-dimethyl-5,9-dioxo-4,8-dioxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]decane-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 42284-79-7 | C12H13ClO6 |
| —— | 4,4,6,6-tetramethyl-7-oxo-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride | 53688-24-7 | C12H14O5 |
| —— | (1S,2R,3R,6R,7R,9S)-2-Bromo-7-isopropyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid | 52356-38-4 | C12H15BrO4 |
| —— | α-(octa-2,3-dien-2-yl)-δ-valerolactone | 1221896-27-0 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (1S,4R)-8-bromo-4-hydroxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 65825-61-8 | C7H7BrO3 |
| —— | 3-chloro-3-fluoro-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 55039-84-4 | C5H6ClFO2 |
| —— | (3aR,4aR,6aS,7aS,10aR,11S,11aS,11bR,12S,12aS)-3a,4,4a,6a,7,7a,10a,11,11a,11b,12,12a-dodecahydro-4,12:7,11-diethenophenanthro[2,3-c:6,7-c']difuran-1,3,8,10-tetraone | 143602-74-8 | C22H18O6 |
| —— | 1064039-11-7 | C21H28O4S | |
| —— | 2-((3aR,4S,5S,6aR)-5-Methoxycarbonylmethyl-4,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-yl)-2-methyl-propionic acid methyl ester | 102358-25-8 | C17H26O6 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,4S,5aS,7R,8S,9bR)-8-hydroxy-3-methoxy-3,4,7-trimethyl-2-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3aH-benzo[g][1]benzofuran-5a-carbonitrile | 1429194-85-3 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | (5R)-5-(bromomethyl)-5-thiophen-2-yloxolan-2-one | 1415507-54-8 | C9H9BrO2S |
| —— | (1S,4R,6S)-6-Bromo-4,7,7-trimethyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-3-one | 54812-12-3 | C9H13BrO2 |
| —— | α-Santonin | 472-06-0 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | <3R*-<3α,4β,5α(1S*)>>-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-butynyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 103368-37-2 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | methyl-3 tertiobutyl-8 oxa-2 spiro<4,5>decanone-1 | 91704-54-0 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | 4,4,5,5-tetrafluoro-hexahydro-cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]furan-1-one | 54380-99-3 | C7H6F4O2 |
| —— | 14-deoxyandrographolide | 919120-77-7 | C20H30O4 |
| —— | 6-(bromomethyl)-4-(tert-butyl)-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1433223-58-5 | C16H21BrO2 |
| —— | (1S,3S,6S,7S,9R,12S)-6-but-3-enyl-12-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1-hydroxy-7,11,14,14-tetramethyl-9-triethylsilyloxy-5-oxatricyclo[8.3.1.03,7]tetradec-10-ene-2,4-dione | 153145-18-7 | C33H58O6Si2 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6R)-6-ethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 132435-62-2 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | (2R,3S,6S,7R,9R)-2-Bromo-1-(5,5-dimethyl-[1,3]dioxan-2-yl)-5-oxo-4,8-dioxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 55316-98-8 | C16H21BrO7 |
| —— | 15-(4-chlorophenyl)-16-oxadispiro[5.1.6.3]heptadecane-7,17-dione | 1220995-70-9 | C22H27ClO3 |
| —— | 1193365-63-7 | C27H42O7Si | |
| —— | (3S,3aS,7aS)-3-((R)-1-Methyl-allyl)-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one | 108712-48-7 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)furan-2,4(3H,5H)-dione | 66056-65-3 | C6H6O4 |
| —— | N-(2-phenylethyl)-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetamide | 1186226-75-4 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | <3aS-(3aα,5β,6aα)>-Hexahydro-6a-hydroxy-5-<(2-methoxyethoxy)methoxy>-1H-cyclopenta<c>furan-1-on | 101375-99-9 | C11H18O6 |
| —— | 2-Methyl-2-ethoxalyl-butyrolacton | 90535-28-7 | C9H12O5 |
| —— | ((E)-6-Hex-2-enyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 34686-72-1 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (2aS,5aS,7R,8aS,8bS)-2a,5a,7-Trimethyl-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6-dione | 53861-92-0 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | 4-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylic acid benzylamide | 55558-12-8 | C18H23NO3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,7S)-7-Acetoxy-2-((3aS,8aR)-4,4-dimethyl-3,6-dioxo-3a,4-dihydro-3H,6H-furo[3,4-c]oxepin-8a-yl)-6-methyl-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 57494-28-7 | C23H30O8 |
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