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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-(-)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid i-propyl ester —— C8H12O4
    (R)-(-)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid i-propyl ester
    —— (S)-(+)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid i-propyl ester —— C8H12O4
    (S)-(+)-tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid i-propyl ester
    —— cis-4-fluoro-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H9FO2
    cis-4-fluoro-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— trans-4-fluoro-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H9FO2
    trans-4-fluoro-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3,4-seco-11-oxo-18β-olean-12-ene-3,30-dioic acid 3,4-lactone —— C30H44O5
    4-hydroxy-3,4-seco-11-oxo-18β-olean-12-ene-3,30-dioic acid 3,4-lactone
    —— 4-hexyl-3-metyloxetan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    4-hexyl-3-metyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2-one —— C9H15NO2
    4-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— trans-4-methyl-3-methylene-5-propenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C9H12O2
    trans-4-methyl-3-methylene-5-propenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— cis-3-hydroxy-5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C8H8O3S
    cis-3-hydroxy-5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— trans-3-hydroxy-5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C8H8O3S
    trans-3-hydroxy-5-(thiophen-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (Z)-α-pentylidene-γ-valerolactone —— C10H16O2
    (Z)-α-pentylidene-γ-valerolactone
    —— (E)-α-pentylidene-γ-valerolactone —— C10H16O2
    (E)-α-pentylidene-γ-valerolactone
    —— (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one —— C11H12O3
    (4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one —— C11H12O3
    (4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-12-Epiaplysistatin —— C15H21BrO3
    (+/-)-12-Epiaplysistatin
    —— (2'R*,4R*)-4-(1-tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy-4-phenylselanylbutan-2-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C31H38O3SeSi
    (2'R*,4R*)-4-(1-tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy-4-phenylselanylbutan-2-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 1-O-methyl-3,4-cyclohexylidenequinic acid lactone —— C14H20O5
    1-O-methyl-3,4-cyclohexylidenequinic acid lactone
    —— [(4R,5R)- 3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)-5-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl]methyl formate —— C15H22O4
    [(4R,5R)- 3-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)-5-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl]methyl formate
    —— trans-(3S,4S)-4-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(cycloexylmethyl)oxetan-2-one —— C18H30O2
    trans-(3S,4S)-4-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(cycloexylmethyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— cis-5-isopropyl-3-methylene-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C16H20O2
    cis-5-isopropyl-3-methylene-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (-)-(3R,6S)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-2-oxooxepanone —— C10H16O2
    (-)-(3R,6S)-3-methyl-6-isopropenyl-2-oxooxepanone
    —— (+/-)-methyl 2-(5-decyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acrylate —— C18H30O4
    (+/-)-methyl 2-(5-decyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acrylate
    —— dispiro<tetrahydrofuran-3,1'-cyclohexane-2',3''-tetrahydrofuran>-5,5''-dione —— C12H16O4
    dispiro<tetrahydrofuran-3,1'-cyclohexane-2',3''-tetrahydrofuran>-5,5''-dione
    —— 7-methylene-14-oxadispiro<4.0.5.3>tetradecan-13-one —— C15H22O2
    7-methylene-14-oxadispiro<4.0.5.3>tetradecan-13-one
    —— carbamic acid, (1S,2S,3R,6Z,8S,9S,10S,11Z)-3,9-dihydroxy-14-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-yl]-2,8,10-trimethyl-1-[(1S,2Z)-1-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl]tetradeca-6,11-dienyl ester —— C31H51NO7
    carbamic acid, (1S,2S,3R,6Z,8S,9S,10S,11Z)-3,9-dihydroxy-14-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-yl]-2,8,10-trimethyl-1-[(1S,2Z)-1-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl]tetradeca-6,11-dienyl ester
    —— (5S)-tert-butoxy-(6R)-methyl-9,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0]dodecan-10-one —— C15H24O4
    (5S)-tert-butoxy-(6R)-methyl-9,12-dioxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0]dodecan-10-one
    —— ethyl 4-i-propyl-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylate —— C16H20O4
    ethyl 4-i-propyl-5-oxo-2-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylate
    —— hexahydro-6a-(2-thiazolyl)-2H-cyclopenta[c]furan-2-one —— C10H11NO2S
    hexahydro-6a-(2-thiazolyl)-2H-cyclopenta[c]furan-2-one
    —— γ-Fluoromethyl-α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H11FO2
    γ-Fluoromethyl-α-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C15H27NO5
    (3R)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C15H27NO5
    (3S)-3-[(1S,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3S)-3-[(1R,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C15H27NO5
    (3S)-3-[(1R,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (3R)-3-[(1R,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C15H27NO5
    (3R)-3-[(1R,2S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-1-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— tert-amylcaprolactone —— C11H20O2
    tert-amylcaprolactone
    —— 5-[2-(2-chloroethyl)phenyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C13H15ClO2
    5-[2-(2-chloroethyl)phenyl]-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-dichloromethyl-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C8H10Cl2O2
    4-dichloromethyl-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— coronarin D methyl ether —— C21H32O3
    coronarin D methyl ether
    —— (+)-(3'S,3R)-3-(1'-phenyl-3'-hydroxy-4'-oxohex-3'-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C16H20O4
    (+)-(3'S,3R)-3-(1'-phenyl-3'-hydroxy-4'-oxohex-3'-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O5
    ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— (1SR,7'SR)-tricarbonyl((11,12,13,14-η)-tricyclo(8.5.0.0(3,9))pentadeca-3,5,7,11,13-pentaene-2-spiro-8'-(7'a,8'-dihydro-2'H-cyclohepta(c)furan-2'one))iron —— C26H20FeO5
    (1SR,7'SR)-tricarbonyl((11,12,13,14-η)-tricyclo(8.5.0.0(3,9))pentadeca-3,5,7,11,13-pentaene-2-spiro-8'-(7'a,8'-dihydro-2'H-cyclohepta(c)furan-2'one))iron
    —— 4-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-methoxytetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C22H28O4Si
    4-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-4-methoxytetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— methyl (1SR,2RS,3RS)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-3-vinylcyclopentanecarboxylate —— C14H14O4
    methyl (1SR,2RS,3RS)-5-oxo-2-phenyl-3-vinylcyclopentanecarboxylate
    —— 3-(1-hydroxy-2-butenyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C8H12O3
    3-(1-hydroxy-2-butenyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— cis-5-n-Butyl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C14H18O2
    cis-5-n-Butyl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-ethynyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C7H8O2
    6-ethynyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-4-allylidene-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C8H10O3
    (R)-4-allylidene-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-Methylen-5-phenyl-5-(2'-chlorethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-on —— C13H13ClO2
    3-Methylen-5-phenyl-5-(2'-chlorethyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-on
    —— cheloviolene E —— C21H32O4
    cheloviolene E
    —— (3aSR,4RS,7SR,7aRS)-3,3,7a-trimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one —— C12H16O2
    (3aSR,4RS,7SR,7aRS)-3,3,7a-trimethyl-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one
    —— (2'R*,4R*)-4-(1-tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxybut-3-en-2-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C25H32O3Si
    (2'R*,4R*)-4-(1-tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxybut-3-en-2-yl)tetrahydropyran-2-one