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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— chaetomugilin A 1041640-66-7 C23H27ClO7
    chaetomugilin A
    —— vibralactone C 1071199-09-1 C12H14O3
    vibralactone C
    —— (3R,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one 1032607-31-0 C5H7ClO3
    (3R,5R)-5-(chloromethyl)-3-hydroxyoxolan-2-one
    —— tert-butyl 2-((3R,4S,5S)-5-(2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ethylcarbamate 1021460-69-4 C29H41NO6Si
    tert-butyl 2-((3R,4S,5S)-5-(2-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ethylcarbamate
    —— (-)-saudin 94978-16-2 C20H22O7
    (-)-saudin
    —— (5S)-5-methyl-5-phenyloxepan-2-one 1021180-71-1 C13H16O2
    (5S)-5-methyl-5-phenyloxepan-2-one
    —— (E)-(1R,2S,7S,10S)-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,11-dioxabicyclo-[8.1.0]undec-8-en-4-one 1004760-97-7 C10H14O4
    (E)-(1R,2S,7S,10S)-7-hydroxy-2-methyl-3,11-dioxabicyclo-[8.1.0]undec-8-en-4-one
    —— (3aS,4Z,7R,10S,11aR)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10-hydroxy-10-methyl-3,3a,6,7,8,9,11,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one 1001435-48-8 C19H34O4Si
    (3aS,4Z,7R,10S,11aR)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10-hydroxy-10-methyl-3,3a,6,7,8,9,11,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2S)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-hydroxy-2-methyloct-7-enyl]-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one 1001435-27-3 C21H38O4Si
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2S)-5-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-2-hydroxy-2-methyloct-7-enyl]-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-butyl-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone 1001855-66-8 C9H16O3
    (4R,6R)-6-butyl-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone
    —— (3aS,4Z,7S,10S,11aR)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10-hydroxy-10-methyl-3,3a,6,7,8,9,11,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one 1001435-29-5 C19H34O4Si
    (3aS,4Z,7S,10S,11aR)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-10-hydroxy-10-methyl-3,3a,6,7,8,9,11,11a-octahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5R)-5-[(2S)-5,6-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2-trimethylsilyloxyheptyl]-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one 1001435-22-8 C18H34O5Si
    (4S,5R)-5-[(2S)-5,6-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2-trimethylsilyloxyheptyl]-4-ethenyloxolan-2-one
    —— β,β-Dimethyl-γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolacton 30502-65-9 C6H10O3
    β,β-Dimethyl-γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolacton
    —— (6R)-6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione 1228897-39-9 C21H29NO3
    (6R)-6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl]oxane-2,4-dione
    —— 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-7-phenyl-5-heptanolide 69172-23-2 C14H18O3
    3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-7-phenyl-5-heptanolide
    —— (3S,4S)-4-Methyl-3-(trimethylgermyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-18-1 C7H14GeO2
    (3S,4S)-4-Methyl-3-(trimethylgermyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-n-Propyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-oxetanon 67354-23-8 C9H18O2Si
    4-n-Propyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-oxetanon
    —— (3S,4R)-4-Methyl-3-(trimethylgermyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-26-1 C7H14GeO2
    (3S,4R)-4-Methyl-3-(trimethylgermyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-(Trichloromethyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-06-7 C7H11Cl3O2Si
    (3S,4R)-4-(Trichloromethyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(Propan-2-yl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-16-9 C9H18O2Si
    (3S,4S)-4-(Propan-2-yl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(2-Methylpropyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-17-0 C10H20O2Si
    (3S,4S)-4-(2-Methylpropyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 4-Isopropyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-oxetanon 67354-24-9 C9H18O2Si
    4-Isopropyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)-2-oxetanon
    —— (3S,4S)-4-Methyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-13-6 C7H14O2Si
    (3S,4S)-4-Methyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(Trichloromethyl)-3-(trimethylgermyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-12-5 C7H11Cl3GeO2
    (3S,4S)-4-(Trichloromethyl)-3-(trimethylgermyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 2(3H)-Furanone, 4-chlorodihydro-5-methyl-, cis- 22558-47-0 C5H7ClO2
    2(3H)-Furanone, 4-chlorodihydro-5-methyl-, cis-
    —— methyl (1R,2R,5R)-5-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate 92237-30-4 C13H18O6
    methyl (1R,2R,5R)-5-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate
    —— (2S,3R)-2-Allyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester —— C11H16O4
    (2S,3R)-2-Allyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— rel-(3S,4R)-4-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-6-heptenoic Acid Lactone 88377-07-5 C9H14O2
    rel-(3S,4R)-4-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-6-heptenoic Acid Lactone
    —— (3R,4'R)-(-)-3-Hydroxymethyl-2-(4'-methylhexanoyl)-4-butanolide 122876-16-8 C12H20O4
    (3R,4'R)-(-)-3-Hydroxymethyl-2-(4'-methylhexanoyl)-4-butanolide
    —— (4R)-3-hexanoyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one —— C11H18O4
    (4R)-3-hexanoyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one
    —— rel-(3R,4R,6S)-3-Hexyltetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2-one 136890-12-5 C22H42O3
    rel-(3R,4R,6S)-3-Hexyltetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 5-[2-(Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one 370089-03-5 C13H18O2
    5-[2-(Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)ethyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— (1S,2S,3S,5R,6R,7R,8S,9R,12S)-2,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one —— C15H18O6
    (1S,2S,3S,5R,6R,7R,8S,9R,12S)-2,8-dihydroxy-7-methyl-12-prop-1-en-2-ylspiro[4,10-dioxatetracyclo[7.2.1.02,7.03,5]dodecane-6,2'-oxirane]-11-one
    —— 1-ethyl-5-vinyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one 1310680-54-6 C9H12O2
    1-ethyl-5-vinyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-1,4-oxathiepan-2-one 35562-79-9 C7H12O2S
    3,3-Dimethyl-1,4-oxathiepan-2-one
    —— 6,6-Bis-(2-cyclopropyl-ethyl)-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 174485-26-8 C15H22O3
    6,6-Bis-(2-cyclopropyl-ethyl)-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— 2-Oxo-3-ethyl-4-butanolide 923291-29-6 C6H8O3
    2-Oxo-3-ethyl-4-butanolide
    —— 2-Butyl-2-ethyl-β-propiolacton 5810-00-4 C9H16O2
    2-Butyl-2-ethyl-β-propiolacton
    —— 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-isopropenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 96540-09-9 C10H14O4
    3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-isopropenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— methyl 1,8-dimethyl-6-(chloromethyl)-4,10-dioxo-5-oxatricyclo<4,3,1,0<sup>3,7</sup>>decane-2-carboxylate 73195-05-8 C14H17ClO5
    methyl 1,8-dimethyl-6-(chloromethyl)-4,10-dioxo-5-oxatricyclo<4,3,1,0<sup>3,7</sup>>decane-2-carboxylate
    —— lactaroscrobiculide A 59476-60-7 C15H20O2
    lactaroscrobiculide A
    —— (+/-)-7,7-Dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-4-one 141243-72-3 C9H14O2
    (+/-)-7,7-Dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-4-one
    —— 3,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone 152714-92-6 C6H9FO4
    3,6-dideoxy-6-fluoro-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-cyclopent-3-enyl ester 131233-94-8 C20H30O6Si
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,5R)-2-oxo-5-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-cyclopent-3-enyl ester
    —— (1R,4R,6S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one 144733-09-5 C9H14O2
    (1R,4R,6S)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(1RS,4RS,5RS,7RS)-7-endo-chloro-4-exo-hydroxy-2,8-dioxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one 146352-46-7 C6H7ClO4
    (+/-)-(1RS,4RS,5RS,7RS)-7-endo-chloro-4-exo-hydroxy-2,8-dioxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-3-one
    —— (4aS,5R,6R)-5-Ethyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one 93711-16-1 C10H14O4
    (4aS,5R,6R)-5-Ethyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one
    —— hydroxy-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-acetic acid 136980-26-2 C6H8O5
    hydroxy-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-[2]furyl)-acetic acid
    —— (Z)-(3aR,9aS)-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-Hexahydro-3H-cycloocta[c]furan-1-one 134889-63-7 C10H14O2
    (Z)-(3aR,9aS)-3a,4,5,8,9,9a-Hexahydro-3H-cycloocta[c]furan-1-one
    —— [(1R,2S,3S,6R,7S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decan-3-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 124867-80-7 C16H24O4
    [(1R,2S,3S,6R,7S)-2-methyl-5-oxo-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decan-3-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate