内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3S,4R,5R)-5-(((tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1021178-17-5 | C12H24O5Si |
| —— | (1S,5S,8R,12S)-12-Iodo-2,7-dioxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]dodecan-6-one | 89908-92-9 | C10H13IO3 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,7R)-5-Hydroxy-5-trichloromethyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-8-en-3-one | 42087-05-8 | C11H11Cl3O3 |
| —— | methyl (2R,3S,4R)-4-amino-2-methyl-6-oxooxane-3-carboxylate | 89550-40-3 | C8H13NO4 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R)-1,2-Dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-4,7-dione | 73240-77-4 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | ((3S,4R)-4-Carboxymethyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-acetic acid | 58648-39-8 | C9H12O6 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,4aR,5S,8aS,9aR)-3,4a,5-Trimethyl-decahydro-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-2,4-dione | 52647-64-0 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 3a,7-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 91075-35-3 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 10a-furan-2-yl-1-methyl-1,2,5,6,8,9,10,10a-octahydro-benzo[<i>b</i>]azocine-9,10-dicarboxylic acid anhydride | 69374-48-7 | C18H19NO4 |
| —— | 5-tert-Butyl-3-<(dimethylamino)methyl>-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon | 102870-16-6 | C11H21NO2 |
| —— | 4-(α-semicarbazono-benzyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 100115-15-9 | C12H13N3O3 |
| —— | (1S,6R)-5-(hydroxymethylidene)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-one | 1207861-84-4 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (4R,5S)-5-((1S,2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-1-methoxy-butyl)-4-(ethylsulfanyl-methylsulfanyl-methyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 76859-46-6 | C13H24O5S2 |
| —— | α-(2-cyanoallyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1221896-17-8 | C8H9NO2 |
| —— | (1R,2R,3S,4R,6R,8S,9R,10R,13R)-2-hydroxy-3,10,13-trimethoxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-11-oxo-12-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridecane-6-carbonitrile | 1429194-89-7 | C19H29NO6 |
| —— | 2,6-Dioxo-2a-oxa-2a-homoadamantan | 60775-58-8 | C10H12O3 |
| —— | β-(1-Ethoxyethyl)-γ-butyrolacton | 59664-77-6 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (3S,5S)-5-[(1S,2R)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,2-dihydroxybutyl]-3-methyloxolan-2-one | 1185863-28-8 | C15H30O5Si |
| —— | (R)-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1338471-99-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 5-Cyclohexyl-3-methylideneoxepan-2-one | 1101168-87-9 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | 57199-29-8 | C13H15ClO4 | |
| —— | (E)-(+/-)-4-benzyl-3-benzylidene-γ-butyrolactone | 108071-28-9 | C18H16O2 |
| —— | 50696-14-5 | C20H26O5 | |
| —— | (2S,4S)-2-benzyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-butanolide | 80348-88-5 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | (1S,6R,7S,8S)-7-Bromo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.1<sup>3,8</sup>]undecan-5-one | 85069-88-1 | C10H13BrO2 |
| —— | (2S,4R)-2,4-dimethyl-5-methylenevalerolactone | 116078-56-9 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 78073-83-3 | C16H20O5 | |
| —— | 6610-47-5 | C19H28O3 | |
| —— | 6(R)-<2-<1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-Decahydro-2(R),6(S)-dimethyl-8(S)-<<2(S)-methylbutyryl>oxy>-3(S),4(R)-(thioxomethylenedioxy)-1(S)-naphthyl>ethyl>-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4(R)-<(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy>-2H-pyran-2-one | 85614-04-6 | C31H52O7SSi |
| —— | 5(S)-[2-phenyl-1(S)-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]ethyl]-3(S)-(2-thienylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 220588-84-1 | C23H32O3SSi |
| —— | (4S,6S)-4-dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy-6-<(dimethyl-t-butylsilyloxy)methyl>tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 92512-43-1 | C18H38O4Si2 |
| —— | (1R,5S)-1,8,8-trimethyl-4-(pyridin-3-ylimino)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one | 1376304-94-7 | C15H18N2O2 |
| —— | 6-methyl-2-(2-oxooxepan-3-yl)-2-phenyl-3H-1,3-oxazin-4-one | 98057-85-3 | C17H19NO4 |
| —— | (2S,2'R,5'S)-5'-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2,5'-dimethylhexahydro-[2,2'-bifuran]-5(2H)-one | 1287262-55-8 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (3R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enyloxolan-2-one | 101977-40-6 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | bromo-2α methyl-2β phenyl-4β butyrolactone | 111551-01-0 | C11H11BrO2 |
| —— | 4-amyloxymethyl-2-formylmethylbutanolide | 108332-98-5 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (2aS,5aS,6S,7R,8aS,8bR)-6-Hydroxy-2a,5a,7-trimethyl-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 53861-94-2 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | 41502-85-6 | C10H12O2 | |
| —— | 1-(1-chloro-vinyl)-2-methyl-succinic acid-anhydride | 856162-80-6 | C7H7ClO3 |
| —— | 1064039-20-8 | C21H28O4S | |
| —— | (3aS,4S,6R,6aR)-6-hexyl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuro[3,4-b]furan-2(3H)-one | 1132793-41-9 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | methyl (2R,3S)-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate | 1465764-29-7 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (3R,4S,5R,6S,7S,9R,10S,11S,12S,13R,14R)-4,6,10,12-tetramethoxy-3,5,7,9,11,13-hexamethyl-14-vinyloxacyclotetradecan-2-one | 1285480-11-6 | C25H46O6 |
| —— | 1108178-19-3 | C17H32O4Si | |
| —— | N-((9S,11aR)-8-Hydroxy-3,11a-dimethyl-1-oxo-3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13-tetradecahydro-3H-2-oxa-pentaleno[1,6a-a]phenanthren-9-yl)-N-methyl-acetamide | 54212-59-8 | C24H35NO4 |
| —— | (3a<i>S</i>)-7-(<i>Z</i>)-benzylidene-5,6<i>t</i>-dimethyl-(3a<i>r</i>,6a<i>c</i>,9a<i>c</i><i>C</i><sup>1</sup>)-3a,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-3<i>H</i>-benzo[1,2-<i>c</i>;1,6-<i>c</i>']difuran-1,9-dione | 57584-13-1 | C19H18O4 |
| —— | (5S,4R)-trans-5-<(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)methyl>-4-(1-methylethenyl)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 139943-08-1 | C24H30O3Si |
| —— | 6a-Octyl-dihydro-furo[2,3-b]furan-2,5-dione | 39949-65-0 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | 2-(bromomethyl-d2)-.2-tert-butyl-6-methyl-1,3-dioxan-4-one | 143669-15-2 | C10H17BrO3 |
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