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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S,5S,1'S)-5-(1-amino-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H17NO2
    (3S,5S,1'S)-5-(1-amino-2-methylpropyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one —— C6H10O3
    (S)-4-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— methyl (3R,4S)-(+)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl (3R,4S)-(+)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3R,4R)-(+)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl (3R,4R)-(+)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3S,4R)-(-)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl (3S,4R)-(-)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— methyl (3S,4S)-(-)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl (3S,4S)-(-)-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-(2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-butanolide —— C13H16O2
    2-(2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-butanolide
    —— 2-(2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-butanolide —— C13H16O2
    2-(2-phenylethyl)-3-methyl-4-butanolide
    —— (1R,5R)-4,4,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-ene-2,6-dione —— C10H12O3
    (1R,5R)-4,4,8-trimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-ene-2,6-dione
    —— (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-9-((triethylsilyl)oxy)-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(9bH)-one —— C21H34O3Si
    (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-9-((triethylsilyl)oxy)-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(9bH)-one
    —— (R)-4-(but-3-en-1-yl)oxetan-2-one —— C7H10O2
    (R)-4-(but-3-en-1-yl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-3-hexyl-4-[(1S,2S)-1-bromo-2-hydroxytridecyl]-2-oxetanone —— C22H41BrO3
    (3S,4R)-3-hexyl-4-[(1S,2S)-1-bromo-2-hydroxytridecyl]-2-oxetanone
    —— ethyl 2-[(5R)-5-ethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]acetate —— C11H18O4
    ethyl 2-[(5R)-5-ethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]acetate
    —— 6-(4-Hepten-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one 15456-68-5 C12H20O2
    6-(4-Hepten-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (6R,7S,1'R)-N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)-7-(1-amino-3-phenylpropyl)-6-phenyloxepan-2-one 1126904-06-0 C25H33NO4S
    (6R,7S,1'R)-N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)-7-(1-amino-3-phenylpropyl)-6-phenyloxepan-2-one
    —— (6S,7S,1'S)-N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)-7-(1-amino-3-phenylpropyl)-6-methyloxepan-2-one 1126904-02-6 C20H31NO4S
    (6S,7S,1'S)-N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)-7-(1-amino-3-phenylpropyl)-6-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (6S,7S,1'R)-N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)-7-(1-amino-3-phenylpropyl)-6-methyloxepan-2-one 1126904-00-4 C20H31NO4S
    (6S,7S,1'R)-N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)-7-(1-amino-3-phenylpropyl)-6-methyloxepan-2-one
    —— (5S,6R,1'R)-N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)-6-(aminophenylmethyl)-5-isopropyltetrahydropyran-2-one 1126904-10-6 C19H29NO4S
    (5S,6R,1'R)-N-(tert-butylsulfonyl)-6-(aminophenylmethyl)-5-isopropyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (6aS,7aR,8R,9R,11aR,11bS)-5-chloro-7a-hydroxy-6a,8,9-trimethyl-3-[(1E)-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-6a,7a,8,9,11a,11b-hexahydro-6H,11H-pyrano[3',4':4,5]furo[2,3-h][2]benzopyran-6,11-dione 128230-03-5 C23H27ClO6
    (6aS,7aR,8R,9R,11aR,11bS)-5-chloro-7a-hydroxy-6a,8,9-trimethyl-3-[(1E)-3-methylpent-1-en-1-yl]-6a,7a,8,9,11a,11b-hexahydro-6H,11H-pyrano[3',4':4,5]furo[2,3-h][2]benzopyran-6,11-dione
    —— 6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(4-ethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 877129-78-7 C19H25NO3
    6-cyclopentyl-6-[2-(4-ethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (1S,5R)-1,4,4-trimethyl-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one 1138139-07-7 C9H14O3
    (1S,5R)-1,4,4-trimethyl-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-dihydro-3H-pyran-2,4-dione 877130-24-0 C21H29NO3
    6-cyclopentyl-6-(2-(2,6-diethylpyridin-4-yl)ethyl)-dihydro-3H-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— 5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-6,7,8-trideoxy-β-L-gulono-oct-7-eno-1,4-lactone 1141897-45-1 C24H30O5Si
    5-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-6,7,8-trideoxy-β-L-gulono-oct-7-eno-1,4-lactone
    —— (4S,5S)-(-)-5-[1'-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-propane-3'-yl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1089174-45-7 C13H26O4Si
    (4S,5S)-(-)-5-[1'-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-propane-3'-yl]-4-hydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(E,5S)-5-hydroxy-7-phenylhept-3-enyl]oxolan-2-one 1110638-64-6 C33H40O4Si
    (4S,5S)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-5-[(E,5S)-5-hydroxy-7-phenylhept-3-enyl]oxolan-2-one
    —— Methyl 3,6-dimethyl-2-oxooxane-3-carboxylate 1138334-86-7 C9H14O4
    Methyl 3,6-dimethyl-2-oxooxane-3-carboxylate
    —— Methyl 5-ethyl-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate 1138334-85-6 C9H14O4
    Methyl 5-ethyl-3-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4S,6R)-6-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-((1R,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl)ethyl)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one 1109233-95-5 C14H24O5
    (3R,4S,6R)-6-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-((1R,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl)ethyl)-4-(methoxymethoxy)-3-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (S)-5((S)-1-azido-2-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1125824-27-2 C6H9N3O3
    (S)-5((S)-1-azido-2-hydroxyethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3S)-6-O-decyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-phenyl-D-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone 1092810-55-3 C22H34O4
    (3S)-6-O-decyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-phenyl-D-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— (1S,2S,5S,8S,10R,11R)-5-acetyl-13,13-di-tert-butyl-3,9,12,14-tetraoxa-6-thia-13-silatetracyclo[6.6.0.0(2,11).0(5,10)]tetradecan-4-one 1085429-74-8 C18H28O6SSi
    (1S,2S,5S,8S,10R,11R)-5-acetyl-13,13-di-tert-butyl-3,9,12,14-tetraoxa-6-thia-13-silatetracyclo[6.6.0.0(2,11).0(5,10)]tetradecan-4-one
    —— 6,6-dimethyl-3,4-dehydro ε-lactone 1092695-32-3 C8H12O2
    6,6-dimethyl-3,4-dehydro ε-lactone
    —— (3R,4S,1'R)-3-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1108716-13-7 C7H12O3
    (3R,4S,1'R)-3-(1'-hydroxyethyl)-4-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— ethyl (S3,R3a,R6,R6a)-3-ethoxy-6-methyl-1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate 1085293-76-0 C13H18O5
    ethyl (S3,R3a,R6,R6a)-3-ethoxy-6-methyl-1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (R3,S3a,S6,S6a)-3-ethoxy-6-methyl-1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate 1085293-78-2 C13H18O5
    ethyl (R3,S3a,S6,S6a)-3-ethoxy-6-methyl-1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (R3,S3a,S6a)-3-ethoxy-1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate 1085293-74-8 C12H16O5
    ethyl (R3,S3a,S6a)-3-ethoxy-1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (S3,R3a,R6a)-3-ethoxy-1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate 1085293-72-6 C12H16O5
    ethyl (S3,R3a,R6a)-3-ethoxy-1-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— ethyl (3S,3aS,4S,6aR)-3-ethoxy-1-oxo-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate 1085293-86-2 C12H18O5
    ethyl (3S,3aS,4S,6aR)-3-ethoxy-1-oxo-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylate
    —— (3R,4R)-3-((R)-1-hydroxybutyl)-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1097874-55-9 C9H15NO5
    (3R,4R)-3-((R)-1-hydroxybutyl)-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4R)-3-butyryl-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1097874-32-2 C9H13NO5
    (3R,4R)-3-butyryl-4-(nitromethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4aS,5S,7R,7aR)-5,7-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 1073427-12-9 C20H40O4Si2
    (4aS,5S,7R,7aR)-5,7-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one
    —— (S)-4-[(2-furyl)methyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-2-one 1067080-03-8 C9H10O3
    (S)-4-[(2-furyl)methyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyloxan-2-one 1061360-68-6 C23H30O5Si
    (3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxymethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyloxan-2-one
    —— 2-[(3S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]acetic acid 1071448-31-1 C8H12O4
    2-[(3S,4R)-4-ethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-3-furanyl]acetic acid
    —— 3-non-3-enyl-dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one 1082301-43-6 C13H22O2
    3-non-3-enyl-dihydro-furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-[(E)-oct-2-enyl]oxan-2-one 1082301-59-4 C13H22O2
    3-[(E)-oct-2-enyl]oxan-2-one
    —— (3aS,5aS,7S,8aS,9S,9aS)-9-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-ethenyl-3a,5a,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro-1H-azuleno[5,6-c]furan-3-one 1070804-06-6 C20H32O3Si
    (3aS,5aS,7S,8aS,9S,9aS)-9-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-7-ethenyl-3a,5a,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydro-1H-azuleno[5,6-c]furan-3-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R)-5-butyl-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid 1062629-40-6 C10H16O4
    (3R,4S,5R)-5-butyl-4-methyl-2-oxooxolane-3-carboxylic acid
    —— (1R,5S,8S)-8-methyl-2-methylen-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbaldehyde 1039740-18-5 C10H12O3
    (1R,5S,8S)-8-methyl-2-methylen-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carbaldehyde
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxotetrahydropyran 1056176-40-9 C8H14O3
    4-hydroxy-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxotetrahydropyran