内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4-(15-methoxy-pentadecylidene)-3-(14-methoxy-tetradecyl)-oxetan-2-one | 41624-81-1 | C34H64O4 |
| —— | (3S,3aR,9aS)-2-Oxo-decahydro-cycloocta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid | 56695-30-8 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 2-oxatetracyclo<4.4.1.1<sup>4.9</sup>.0<sup>1.4</sup>>dodecane-3-one | 102493-13-0 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-Hydroxymethyl-4-methyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 63557-39-1 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (1S,5aS,8aR,8bR)-8b-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-3-(1-ethoxy-ethoxymethyl)-1-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-1,2,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-5-oxa-cyclobuta[e]azulen-4-one | 79745-96-3 | C25H44O6Si |
| —— | 3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-5-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxolan-2-one | 99728-40-2 | C7H2F10O3 |
| —— | 7α-Hydroxy-18-norkaurenolid | 6610-46-4 | C19H26O3 |
| —— | 3-acetyl-3-(oct-1-ynyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 121721-22-0 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | (1R,5R,8S)-8-Methyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-2,7-dione | 128562-34-5 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-tert-butyloxetan-2-one | 138622-95-4 | C8H14O2 |
| —— | tert-butyl 4-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)butoxycarbamate | 1101207-22-0 | C13H23NO5 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,6aS)-4-hydroxyhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1361318-22-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 5-(1'-iodo-1'(Z)-propenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1100356-34-0 | C7H9IO2 |
| —— | (R)-5-phenyl-5-hydroxymethyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1148114-19-5 | C11H12O3 |
| —— | (3R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl (2S)-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2-carboxylate | 126983-34-4 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | (4S,5S)-4-Ethenyl-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone | 97387-89-8 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 130648-24-7 | C15H22O5 | |
| —— | 3-[(R)-2-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)butyl]-5,5-dimethyl-2,4(3H,5H)-furandione | 1402731-57-0 | C16H28O5Si |
| —— | 3-((6aR,10aS)-8-Hydroxymethyl-7-methyl-3-oxo-decahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalen-7-yl)-propionic acid | 18411-63-7 | C17H26O5 |
| —— | 14,15,16,17-tetranor-8,9-secolabdan-8,13-olide | 136040-82-9 | C16H28O2 |
| —— | (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7R)-3,6,7-trihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylnonan-5-olide | 1132662-47-5 | C12H22O5 |
| —— | (2aS,8aR,8bR)-8a-Methyl-5,6,7,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-2aH-1-oxa-cyclopenta[cd]azulene-2,3-dione | 13258-47-4 | C12H14O3 |
| —— | 4-Formyloxy-4,4-dimethyl-4-butyrolacton | 124744-29-2 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.2.1>octan-7-one | 79743-60-5 | C9H13ClO2 |
| —— | (1R,2R,6R,10R,11R)-10,13-dihydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3,9-dioxo-8,12-dioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.01,5.06,10]tetradec-4-ene-13-carboxylic acid | 427887-12-5 | C15H16O8 |
| —— | [(2S,3S)-2-triethylsilyloxolan-3-yl] (1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylate | 1138300-78-3 | C20H34O5Si |
| —— | 1021180-73-3 | C8H14O3 | |
| —— | Croburhsaeure-methylester | 57095-89-3 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | 52658-90-9 | C23H32O6 | |
| —— | (1S,2S,3S,6R,7S,9R)-2-Iodo-1-methyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 57199-13-0 | C12H15IO4 |
| —— | ethyl 3-chloro-2-oxo-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-3-carboxylate | 102677-58-7 | C11H13ClO4 |
| —— | (Z)-3-(6-Oxo-8-phenyl-5-oxa-spiro[3.4]oct-7-en-7-yl)-acrylic acid | 52630-06-5 | C16H14O4 |
| —— | 4-Methyl-5c-hydroxy-cyclohex-3-en-1r,2c-dicarbonsaeure-1-lacton | 90536-54-2 | C9H10O4 |
| —— | (Z)-4-bromomethylene-ε-caprolactone | 1422253-47-1 | C7H9BrO2 |
| —— | 2-ene-Ebelacol B | 318235-05-1 | C28H38O3 |
| —— | (5R)-5-(4-hydroxybutyl)oxolan-2-one | 1231765-74-4 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | 57199-77-6 | C14H18O4S | |
| —— | 2-Aethyl-2-propargyl-δ-valerolacton | 50994-93-9 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | (4aR,5S)-5-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-4,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one | 54867-34-4 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (2R,3aR,5aR,8R,8aR)-8-tert-Butyl-2-methoxy-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[c]furo[2,3-b]furan-5,6-dione | 130648-19-0 | C14H20O5 |
| —— | ethyl (E)-6-oxotetrahydropyran-2-ylideneacetate | 85271-76-7 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | (S)-5-benzyl-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1024613-12-4 | C18H28O3Si |
| —— | (3aR,6R,7S,7aR)-3a,7-dimethyl-6-prop-1-en-2-yl-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-2-one | 213315-05-0 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | (1R,5aR,8aS,8bS)-8b-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl)-1-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-7,7-dimethyl-1,2,5a,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydro-5-oxa-cyclobuta[e]azulen-4-one | 79813-05-1 | C21H36O5Si |
| —— | α-Acetyl-β,γ-dimethylbutyrolacton | 3251-22-7 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 53837-68-6 | C20H28O3 | |
| —— | 2-(endo-Methoxy)methyl-4-dimethoxymethyl-1,1'-cyclopentancarbolacton | 59543-13-4 | C11H18O5 |
| —— | 4-oxo-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 40587-45-9 | C10H12O6 |
| —— | dimethyl 2-(((1S,4R,8S)-8-bromo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-4-yl)oxy)-2-((dimethylamino)methyl)malonate | 83573-27-7 | C15H20BrNO7 |
| —— | (S)-5-[(S)-1-bromobut-3-en-1-yl]-5-phenyloxolan-2-one | 1493778-58-7 | C14H15BrO2 |
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