内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (1S,2R,5R)-5-methyl-2-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 1360432-71-8 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 3-fluoro-4,4-dimethyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 220294-23-5 | C6H9FO2 |
| —— | (1S,2R,5R)-2-acetyl-5-methyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 1360432-72-9 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 2,4-diphenylpentanedioic anhydride | 127047-38-5 | C17H14O3 |
| —— | (15S)-15-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostaglandin F<sub>1α</sub> δ-lactone | 66616-80-6 | C17H28O4 |
| —— | 2-Aethyl-2-propargyl-γ-butyrolacton | 50994-89-3 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | 6-(4-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methylentetrahydro-2-pyranon | 54312-56-0 | C13H18O2 |
| —— | methyl (Z)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydro(2-13C)furan-3-ylideneacetate | 135102-82-8 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 51510-93-1 | C31H48O4 | |
| —— | neolaxiflorin C | 1352660-01-5 | C20H24O5 |
| —— | 2-Aethyl-2-(γ-brompropyl)-δ-valerolacton | 50994-94-0 | C10H17BrO2 |
| —— | ethyl (2aS,2a<sup>1</sup>R,3S,8aR)-2-oxo-5-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-2a,2a1,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-3-carboxylate | 1579293-69-8 | C23H38O5Si |
| —— | meso-α,α'-Dipropyl-glutarsaeureanhydrid | 91966-34-6 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 98954-77-9 | C9H12O5 |
| —— | ((4R,5R)-2-Oxo-5-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-acetaldehyde | 164229-12-3 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-6-(1-methylethylidene)-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1373312-20-9 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | 4,9-Dimethyl-7-oxatricyclo<4.3.0.0<sup>3,9</sup>>nonan-8-on | 52761-25-8 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | methyl 3-methyl-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-3-carboxylate | 123507-73-3 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 2-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(2-phenyl-ethyl)-cyclohexan-carbonsaeure-1-lacton | 108395-83-1 | C18H24O2 |
| —— | ent-2β-hydroxy-1α-iodo-16-oxo-17,20-dinorgibberell-9-ene-7,19-dioic acid, 7-(methyl ester)19,2-lactone | 194288-16-9 | C19H21IO5 |
| —— | 4,4-dipropyl-3-methoxyoxetan-2-one | 131436-05-0 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 3α,18-Dihydroxy-17-nor-12,16-secoaphidicolan-16,12α-olacton | 52592-17-3 | C19H30O4 |
| —— | 5-(1-Chloro-ethyl)-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-48-6 | C9H15ClO2 |
| —— | 2,3-dihydro-5H-furo[3,4-b]pyran-4,7-dione-4-oxime | 116009-85-9 | C7H7NO4 |
| —— | Isoswazinsaeure | 54370-37-5 | C10H14O6 |
| —— | 3,5,5-Trimethyl-4-(2-methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 53627-40-0 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 1,7,8,8-Tetramethyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 41281-46-3 | C14H20O4 |
| —— | 3,3-dimethyl-2-(2-tetrahydrofuryloxy)-4-butanolide | 371198-80-0 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 1228699-41-9 | C16H20O6 | |
| —— | 5,7-bis-O-trimethylsilyl-soraphen A | 163229-32-1 | C35H60O8Si2 |
| —— | 3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 1128-07-0 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (1S,6R)-1,5-dimethyl-4,9-dioxo-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane | 1352125-76-8 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 55731-96-9 | C16H18O2 | |
| —— | 54192-35-7 | C19H26O5 | |
| —— | (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-hydroxyhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 72154-44-0 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 41436-68-4 | C21H30O5 | |
| —— | (15R)-15-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostaglandin E<sub>1α</sub> δ-lactone | 72776-99-9 | C17H28O4 |
| —— | α-Santonin | 107620-68-8 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | (1S,6R)-5-((dimethylamino)methylene)-7,7-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-one | 1207861-82-2 | C11H17NO2 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-5-Methyl-6-((R)-1-methyl-2-oxo-butyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 142821-51-0 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | (2aS,5aR,6S,7R,7aR,7bR)-6-Chloromethyl-6,7,7b-trihydroxy-3-isopropylidene-5a-methyl-octahydro-indeno[1,7-bc]furan-2,4-dione | 54355-80-5 | C15H19ClO6 |
| —— | (3aR,6aR,10aS)-7-(2-Furan-3-yl-ethyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-decahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalene-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 51905-76-1 | C21H28O5 |
| —— | (S)-4-Oxo-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptane-1-carbonitrile | 40587-48-2 | C7H7NO2 |
| —— | (3aR,6R,7S,8R,12aR)-12-[1-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-yl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-7,8-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethyl-octahydro-4,10-dioxa-1-aza-cyclopentacycloundecene-5,9-dione | 225640-35-7 | C18H27NO8 |
| —— | 3,4-O-isopropylidene quinic acid lactone 1-xanthate | 128856-66-6 | C12H16O5S2 |
| —— | (3aS,4S,5S,6aR)-5-bromo-4-hydroxyhexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 1361318-14-0 | C7H9BrO3 |
| —— | 1,7,8,8-Tetramethyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-9-carboxylic acid | 41281-45-2 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | methyl (E)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydro(2-13C)furan-3-ylideneacetate | 135102-81-7 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 7-Methyl-2-oxo-6-[2-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-ethyl]-3,4,5,5a,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 41515-47-3 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | 2,3-Diisopropylthiobutanolid-4 | 42435-86-9 | C10H18O2S2 |
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