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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (S)-4-tert-butyl-oxetan-2-one —— C7H12O2
    (S)-4-tert-butyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— 3-hexyl-4-methylene-oxetan-2-one —— C10H16O2
    3-hexyl-4-methylene-oxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C7H12O3
    (3R,4R,5R)-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (S)-pentyloxetane-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (S)-pentyloxetane-2-one
    —— (R)-4-isopropyloxetane-2-one —— C6H10O2
    (R)-4-isopropyloxetane-2-one
    —— 4-hexyloxetan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    4-hexyloxetan-2-one
    —— β,γ-dimethyl-β-methacryloyloxy-γ-butyrolactone —— C10H14O4
    β,γ-dimethyl-β-methacryloyloxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid —— C8H12O5
    (2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid
    —— 4-(3-butenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C8H12O2
    4-(3-butenyl)-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-(chloromethyl)oxetane-2-one —— C4H5ClO2
    4-(chloromethyl)oxetane-2-one
    —— 3'-Hydroxy-Simvastatin —— C25H38O6
    3'-Hydroxy-Simvastatin
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C26H40O5
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C26H40O6
    6(R)-<2-<8(S)-((2,2-Dimethylbutyryl)oxy)-2(S),6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a(R)-octahydronaphth-1(S)-yl>ethyl>-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-[[2,2-Dimethylbutanoyl]oxyl]-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydro-1(S)-napthyl]ethyl]-3(S)-methyl,4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C26H40O5
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-[[2,2-Dimethylbutanoyl]oxyl]-2(S),6(R)-dimethyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydro-1(S)-napthyl]ethyl]-3(S)-methyl,4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— simvastatin phenylboronate —— C31H43BO6
    simvastatin phenylboronate
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(R)-methyl-1,2,3,4, 6,7,8,8a(S)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C25H40O5
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-dimethylbutyryloxy)-2(S)-methyl-6(R)-methyl-1,2,3,4, 6,7,8,8a(S)-octahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— t-butyldimethylsilyloxy simvastatin —— C31H52O6Si
    t-butyldimethylsilyloxy simvastatin
    —— Ammonium Salt of Simvastatin —— C25H37O5*H4N
    Ammonium Salt of Simvastatin
    —— (2S,3S,4R)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-iso-propyl-4-butyrolactone —— C8H14O3
    (2S,3S,4R)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4-iso-propyl-4-butyrolactone
    —— ((E)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylidene)-5 oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate —— C29H48O5
    ((E)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylidene)-5 oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— ((Z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylidene)-5 oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate —— C29H48O5
    ((Z)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-((9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dien-1-ylidene)-5 oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3,4-seco-ursan-12-en-28-oic acid 3,4 lactone —— C30H46O4
    4-Hydroxy-3,4-seco-ursan-12-en-28-oic acid 3,4 lactone
    —— (1R,3R,4Z,6Z,8E)-{3,10-dihydroxy-1-[(1R,2E)-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-((2R)-6-oxo-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)allyl]deca-4,6,8-trien-1-yl} dihydrogen phosphate —— C19H29O9P
    (1R,3R,4Z,6Z,8E)-{3,10-dihydroxy-1-[(1R,2E)-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-((2R)-6-oxo-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)allyl]deca-4,6,8-trien-1-yl} dihydrogen phosphate
    —— (1R,3R,4Z,6Z,8E)-{3,10-dihydroxy-1-[(1R,2E)-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-((2R)-6-oxo-4-ethylthiotetrahydropyran-2-yl)allyl]deca-4,6,8-trien-1-yl} dihydrogen phosphate —— C21H33O9PS
    (1R,3R,4Z,6Z,8E)-{3,10-dihydroxy-1-[(1R,2E)-1-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-((2R)-6-oxo-4-ethylthiotetrahydropyran-2-yl)allyl]deca-4,6,8-trien-1-yl} dihydrogen phosphate
    —— (3aR,4R,5S,6R,6aS)-5,6-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]furo-4(5H),2'(5'H)-furane]-2(3H),5'-dione —— C16H26O6Si2
    (3aR,4R,5S,6R,6aS)-5,6-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]furo-4(5H),2'(5'H)-furane]-2(3H),5'-dione
    —— (+)-(3aα,6β,6aα)-6,8,8-trimethyl-3a,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-c]furan-1(3H)-one —— C15H22O2
    (+)-(3aα,6β,6aα)-6,8,8-trimethyl-3a,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-c]furan-1(3H)-one
    —— (R)-3-acetyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C14H16O3
    (R)-3-acetyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-6-phenylethynyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one —— C17H16O4
    1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-6-phenylethynyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— 3-acetyl-3-allyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H12O3
    3-acetyl-3-allyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (4R,5R)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (4R,5R)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one —— C9H16O3
    (4S,5S)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— andrographolide —— C20H30O5
    andrographolide
    —— 14β-andrographolide —— C20H30O5
    14β-andrographolide
    —— (2R,4R)-2,4-dimethylpentanolide —— C7H12O2
    (2R,4R)-2,4-dimethylpentanolide
    —— 6-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-heptyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C14H11F13O2
    6-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoro-heptyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 2-methyl-3,5-dioxo-4-oxa-9-thiatricyclo<5.3.0.0<sup>2,6</sup>>decane 9,9-dioxide —— C9H10O5S
    2-methyl-3,5-dioxo-4-oxa-9-thiatricyclo<5.3.0.0<sup>2,6</sup>>decane 9,9-dioxide
    —— ethyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate —— C8H10O4
    ethyl 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-6-carboxylate
    —— (3aR,8aR)-3-Methylene-2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester —— C13H18O4
    (3aR,8aR)-3-Methylene-2-oxo-octahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
    —— (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one —— C28H56O3Si
    (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— 1S,2S,6S,7S-<3S,10S>-bis-tert-butyldimethylsiloxymethyl-4,9-dioxatricyclo<5.3.0.0<sup>2,6</sup>>deca-5,8-dione —— C22H40O6Si2
    1S,2S,6S,7S-<3S,10S>-bis-tert-butyldimethylsiloxymethyl-4,9-dioxatricyclo<5.3.0.0<sup>2,6</sup>>deca-5,8-dione
    —— (Z)-α-(3-methylbutylidene)-γ-butyrolactone —— C9H14O2
    (Z)-α-(3-methylbutylidene)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (5-methyl-5-neopentyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid —— C12H20O4
    (5-methyl-5-neopentyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-[3]furyl)-acetic acid
    —— (3R*,5R*)-5-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-3-(prop-2-enyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C18H32O3Si
    (3R*,5R*)-5-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxy-3-(prop-2-enyl)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 14-acetylandrographolide —— C22H32O6
    14-acetylandrographolide
    —— α-(Z)-(1'-chloropentylidene)-β-(1''-chlorobenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C16H18Cl2O2
    α-(Z)-(1'-chloropentylidene)-β-(1''-chlorobenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— α-(E)-(1'-chloropentylidene)-β-(1''-chlorobenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C16H18Cl2O2
    α-(E)-(1'-chloropentylidene)-β-(1''-chlorobenzyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3aR,4R,6aR)-4-Bromo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C7H7BrO2
    (3aR,4R,6aR)-4-Bromo-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 8,8-di-tert-butyl-3-propyl-4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-hexahydro-2aH-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-2-one —— C20H33NO5Si
    8,8-di-tert-butyl-3-propyl-4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-hexahydro-2aH-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-2-one
    —— (±)-(3R,8aS)-5-methyl-3-(pentadecyloxy)-8,8a-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6(1H)-one 3-oxide —— C22H39O6P
    (±)-(3R,8aS)-5-methyl-3-(pentadecyloxy)-8,8a-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6(1H)-one 3-oxide
    —— (±)-(3R,8aR)-5-methyl-3-(pentadecyloxy)-8,8a-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6(1H)-one 3-oxide —— C22H39O6P
    (±)-(3R,8aR)-5-methyl-3-(pentadecyloxy)-8,8a-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6(1H)-one 3-oxide