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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-(2-propenyl)tetrahydropyran 1056176-41-0 C8H12O3
    4-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-(2-propenyl)tetrahydropyran
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxotetrahydropyran 1056176-37-4 C9H16O3
    4-hydroxy-4-(2-methylpropyl)-2-oxotetrahydropyran
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-(1-methylvinyl)-2-oxotetrahydropyran 1056176-39-6 C8H12O3
    4-hydroxy-4-(1-methylvinyl)-2-oxotetrahydropyran
    —— 5-Nitrooxolan-2-one 827300-16-3 C4H5NO4
    5-Nitrooxolan-2-one
    —— 8-phenyl-4a,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-f]isobenzofuran-7(4H)-one 3216-45-3 C16H12O2S
    8-phenyl-4a,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-f]isobenzofuran-7(4H)-one
    —— dihydro-3-methylene-5-(pentan-3-yl)furan-2(3H)-one 1000170-64-8 C10H16O2
    dihydro-3-methylene-5-(pentan-3-yl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-Ethenyloxepan-2-one 144162-04-9 C8H12O2
    3-Ethenyloxepan-2-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1R,2S)-5-oxo-3-((E)-propenyl)-2-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-cyclopent-3-enyl ester —— C23H34O6Si
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1R,2S)-5-oxo-3-((E)-propenyl)-2-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-cyclopent-3-enyl ester
    —— α,α-diethyl-β-methylene-γ-butyrolactone 83561-28-8 C9H14O2
    α,α-diethyl-β-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3S,3aS,7S,8aS)-6-ethenyl-3,7-dimethyl-3-phenylselanyl-4,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1035901-81-5 C19H22O2Se
    (3S,3aS,7S,8aS)-6-ethenyl-3,7-dimethyl-3-phenylselanyl-4,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (1R,2R,3S,4E,6S,7S,8R,9S)-2-hydroxy-3-methanesulfonyloxy-6-methoxy-4,11,11-trimethyl-7-triethylsilyloxy-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.0<sup>1,9</sup>]tridec-4-en-13-one 1040833-82-6 C23H40O8SSi
    (1R,2R,3S,4E,6S,7S,8R,9S)-2-hydroxy-3-methanesulfonyloxy-6-methoxy-4,11,11-trimethyl-7-triethylsilyloxy-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.0<sup>1,9</sup>]tridec-4-en-13-one
    —— tert-butyl N-[(3S,4R,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamate 1033065-78-9 C17H29NO6
    tert-butyl N-[(3S,4R,5S)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamate
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5E)-3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one 1009561-73-2 C10H16O3
    (2S,3R,4S,5E)-3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H-oxonin-9-one
    —— (5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-8-trimethylsilyloct-7-ynyl]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 1030854-18-2 C15H26O3Si
    (5R)-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-8-trimethylsilyloct-7-ynyl]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— Acetic acid (E)-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylene-15-oxo-4,14-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.2.0<sup>3,5</sup>]octadec-8-en-12-yl ester 65877-33-0 C22H32O5
    Acetic acid (E)-5,9,13-trimethyl-16-methylene-15-oxo-4,14-dioxa-tricyclo[11.3.2.0<sup>3,5</sup>]octadec-8-en-12-yl ester
    —— pentalenolactone 31501-48-1 C15H16O5
    pentalenolactone
    —— (1R,4R,5S)-4-[(1S,2S)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybutyl]-1-[4-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one 952092-67-0 C38H56O8Si
    (1R,4R,5S)-4-[(1S,2S)-4-[tert-butyl(diphenyl)silyl]oxy-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybutyl]-1-[4-[(2S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-(2-Methylpropyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-25-0 C10H20O2Si
    (3S,4R)-4-(2-Methylpropyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-Propyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-15-8 C9H18O2Si
    (3S,4S)-4-Propyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4R)-4-Methyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-21-6 C7H14O2Si
    (3S,4R)-4-Methyl-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— (3S,4S)-4-(Trichloromethyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one 67354-19-2 C7H11Cl3O2Si
    (3S,4S)-4-(Trichloromethyl)-3-(trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 8-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one 63413-92-3 C14H24O3
    8-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-4-methoxy-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one
    —— Utujvjcuodhaoa-uhfffaoysa- 80172-97-0 C13H16O3
    Utujvjcuodhaoa-uhfffaoysa-
    —— 4-Undecylidine-3-decyloxetan-2-one 55680-03-0 C24H44O2
    4-Undecylidine-3-decyloxetan-2-one
    —— 4-Heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyl-2-oxetanone 67845-94-7 C34H64O2
    4-Heptadecylidene-3-tetradecyl-2-oxetanone
    —— 4-Amino-dihydro-furan-2-one; hydrochloride 138846-59-0 C4H7NO2*ClH
    4-Amino-dihydro-furan-2-one; hydrochloride
    —— (8Z)-3,8-dimethyl-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-2(6),3,8-trien-13-one 26379-20-4 C15H18O3
    (8Z)-3,8-dimethyl-5,14-dioxatricyclo[10.2.1.02,6]pentadeca-2(6),3,8-trien-13-one
    —— (+)-endo-5-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]undec-9-en-4-one 389132-39-2 C10H12O2
    (+)-endo-5-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>]undec-9-en-4-one
    —— (4R,5R)-4-Amino-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one 104545-86-0 C6H11NO3
    (4R,5R)-4-Amino-5-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— trans-4,7,7-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-3-one 141316-20-3 C10H16O2
    trans-4,7,7-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo<4.1.1>octan-3-one
    —— (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,2R)-5-oxo-3-((E)-propenyl)-2-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-cyclopent-3-enyl ester —— C23H34O6Si
    (1S,4R)-4,7,7-Trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-carboxylic acid (1S,2R)-5-oxo-3-((E)-propenyl)-2-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxy)-cyclopent-3-enyl ester
    —— [(1'R,2'S,3'S,6'R,7'S)-2'-methyl-5'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,10'-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane]-3'-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate 84077-34-9 C18H26O6
    [(1'R,2'S,3'S,6'R,7'S)-2'-methyl-5'-oxospiro[1,3-dioxolane-2,10'-4-oxatricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decane]-3'-yl]methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate
    —— (3S,3aS,9R,9aR,9bS)-9-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,5,7,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H,4H-1,8-dioxa-cyclopenta[e]azulen-2-one 303179-47-7 C14H20O4
    (3S,3aS,9R,9aR,9bS)-9-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-3a,5,7,9,9a,9b-hexahydro-3H,4H-1,8-dioxa-cyclopenta[e]azulen-2-one
    —— 6-azido-2,6-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone 114949-89-2 C6H9N3O4
    6-azido-2,6-dideoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,4-lactone
    —— 3,3-Dihydroxyoxepan-2-one 54006-79-0 C6H10O4
    3,3-Dihydroxyoxepan-2-one
    —— (3S,5R)-3-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 41788-52-7 C6H9BrO2
    (3S,5R)-3-Bromo-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— cis-3-Chlorodihydro-3-methyl-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one 72406-94-1 C11H11ClO2
    cis-3-Chlorodihydro-3-methyl-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,5R)-3-Chloro-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 50485-67-1 C5H7ClO2
    (3R,5R)-3-Chloro-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (2S,3S)-2-allyl-3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone 78986-56-8 C7H10O3
    (2S,3S)-2-allyl-3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone
    —— 3-Methyl-4-methylene-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 83561-27-7 C9H14O2
    3-Methyl-4-methylene-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (S)-6-((1R,2R)-2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one 1035930-80-3 C25H32O3Si
    (S)-6-((1R,2R)-2-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)methyl)cyclopropyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (5S,6R)-5,6-dimethyl-3-methyleneoxepan-2-one 1041324-94-0 C9H14O2
    (5S,6R)-5,6-dimethyl-3-methyleneoxepan-2-one
    —— (3R,3aR,7S,8aR)-3,7-dimethyl-6-(oxiran-2-yl)-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1042986-81-1 C13H18O3
    (3R,3aR,7S,8aR)-3,7-dimethyl-6-(oxiran-2-yl)-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (3aR,7S,8aS)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one 1035901-61-1 C12H18O3
    (3aR,7S,8aS)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7-methyl-3,3a,4,7,8,8a-hexahydrocyclohepta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (S)-6-[2-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione 498532-02-8 C13H13FO3
    (S)-6-[2-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-dihydro-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (3S,5R,2'R)-3-oxiranylmethyl-5-(10-trimethylsilanyldec-9-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2-one 1030605-23-2 C20H34O3Si
    (3S,5R,2'R)-3-oxiranylmethyl-5-(10-trimethylsilanyldec-9-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S)-3-methyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one 1022912-29-3 C11H12O2
    (3R,4S)-3-methyl-4-phenyloxolan-2-one
    —— (-)-megislactone 473699-87-5 C31H58O3
    (-)-megislactone
    —— tert-butyl N-[(3S,4S,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamate 1033065-77-8 C17H29NO6
    tert-butyl N-[(3S,4S,5R)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxooxan-3-yl]-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]carbamate
    —— (1S,5R,9R,13S)-5,9-dimethyl-6,10-dimethylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one 1018479-84-9 C16H22O2
    (1S,5R,9R,13S)-5,9-dimethyl-6,10-dimethylidene-2-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]tridecan-3-one