内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 4,11-di-isopropyl-7,12-dimethyl-6,13-dioxapentacyclo<7.2.1.1<sup>4,12</sup>.0<sup>2,11</sup>>tridecane-5,10-dione | 90352-26-4 | C19H26O4 |
| —— | (Z)-(3S,3aR,9aS)-2-Oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,8,9,9a-octahydro-cycloocta[b]furan-3-carboxylic acid | 56695-24-0 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (4R,5R,6S)-6-butan-2-yl-4-methyl-5-[(4S)-4-propan-2-yl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidine-3-carbonyl]oxan-2-one | 140134-16-3 | C17H27NO3S2 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-3,3-Dichloro-4-chloromethyl-5-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 87224-01-9 | C7H9Cl3O2 |
| —— | 57199-46-9 | C14H18O4S | |
| —— | 3-<bis(methylthio)methylene>-3-(1-phenylethyl)dihydro-2(3H)furanone | 143158-78-5 | C15H18O2S2 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-4-((Z)-2-Chloro-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-5-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 143328-56-7 | C20H29ClO5 |
| —— | (1S,2S,5R,6R)-2-((3aR,7aR)-7,7-Dimethyl-1-oxo-1,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-3a-yl)-6-methyl-7-oxo-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 22552-77-8 | C21H28O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (2aS,4aS,7aR,7bS)-6,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-octahydro-3-oxa-cyclobuta[e]inden-7b-ylmethyl ester | 53874-18-3 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | ethyl cis-(-)-(3S,4R)-4-benzyl-5-oxo-3-tetrahydrofurancarboxylate | 1155859-94-1 | C14H16O4 |
| —— | 16-Methoxy-hexahydrolobophytolid | 55226-28-3 | C21H36O4 |
| —— | (2Z)-2-(4,5,5-trimethyl-2-oxooxolan-3-ylidene)acetic acid | 77613-17-3 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 4-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl-oxetan-2-one | 110115-54-3 | C5H5F3O2 |
| —— | Bicyclo <4.2.0> octadien-(2,4)-dicarbonsaeure-(1,6)-anhydrid | 91900-38-8 | C10H8O3 |
| —— | 5-(but-3-enyl)-3-(5-methyl-1-oxo-5-hexenylidene)-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one | 952680-13-6 | C17H26O3 |
| —— | (2RS,3S)3-(Allyloxycarbonyl)amino-2-cyclopentyloxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran | 192760-02-4 | C13H19NO5 |
| —— | 54358-75-7 | C13H11ClO7 | |
| —— | (R)-7-(2-Furan-3-yl-ethyl)-8-hydroxymethyl-4-methoxy-7-methyl-octahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalen-3-one | 51905-80-7 | C21H30O5 |
| —— | Dihydronepetaefolin | 37705-47-8 | C22H30O7 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,4aS,7aS,9aS)-4,7a-Dimethyl-decahydro-azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,7-dione | 129179-76-6 | C14H20O3 |
| —— | 3-ethyl-1-(((3aR,5aR,9bS)-3a-hydroxy-5a,9-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9b-decahydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-3-yl)methyl)-1-(((3aR,5aR,9bS)-3a-hydroxy-5a,9-dimethyl-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9b-decahydronaphtho[1,2-b]furan-3-yl)methyl)thiourea | 1109276-25-6 | C33H48N2O6S |
| —— | (3aR,5S,6aS)-5-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-1-one | 101376-00-5 | C13H24O3Si |
| —— | 4-<2-(3-pyridinyl)ethenyl>tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 134162-82-6 | C12H13NO2 |
| —— | γ-Phenyl-α,β-(1-pyrazolino)-paraconsaeure-methylester | 28968-40-3 | C13H12N2O4 |
| —— | 8-Mercapto-9-methyl-oxonan-2-one | 81044-92-0 | C9H16O2S |
| —— | Acetic acid (2aS,4aS,7aS,7bR)-6,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-octahydro-4-oxa-cyclobuta[e]inden-7b-ylmethyl ester | 53874-14-9 | C15H22O4 |
| —— | 38974-08-2 | C17H10N4O2 | |
| —— | 54837-66-0 | C20H20O8 | |
| —— | trans-4,5-dihydro-3-phenyl-4,5,5-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 71647-85-3 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 55141-25-8 | C21H28O5 | |
| —— | 9-Methoxy-8-oxa-dispiro[2.0.2.3]nonan-7-one | 41502-86-7 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | α-(6-chlorohexa-1,2-dien-3-yl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1221896-28-1 | C10H13ClO2 |
| —— | (3S,4S)-4-Methyl-3-((S)-1-methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 84564-78-3 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 2-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-4-butanolide | 1246440-22-1 | C8H14O4 |
| —— | 2,7-Dimethyl-11-oxatricyclo<8.3.0.0<sup>3,7</sup>>tridec-2-en-6,12-dione | 129179-75-5 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | (4aS,8aR)-8a-[1,3]Dithiolan-2-yl-octahydro-chromen-2-one | 42394-00-3 | C12H18O2S2 |
| —— | 3-methylene-3a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-3<i>H</i>-benzofuran-2-one | 54312-16-2 | C9H10O2 |
| —— | (4S,6S)-6-((S)-1-Amino-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid | 138093-93-3 | C2HF3O2*C7H13NO4 |
| —— | (2aS,5aS,6S,7R,8aS,8bS)-6-Hydroxy-2a,5a,7-trimethyl-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 53861-96-4 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | (1R,7R,8S,9R)-9-Methyl-2-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.2.0<sup>4,8</sup>]undecane-3,5-dione | 54133-72-1 | C11H14O3 |
| —— | 2-Iodo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.1<sup>3,8</sup>]undecane-5,9-dione | 53036-79-6 | C10H11IO3 |
| —— | (3aS,6aS)-1-Methyl-3,5-dioxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[c]furan-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 58648-53-6 | C10H12O5 |
| —— | 1,2β-epoxy-8α-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5,7α H,6,11βH-elem-3-en-6,12-olide | 113340-59-3 | C21H36O4Si |
| —— | 3,3,6-trimethyl-1-oxo-1,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-3a-carboxylic acid | 53837-39-1 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | <3R*-<3α(1RS),4β,5α(1S*)>>-3-(1-ethoxyethoxy)-4-methyl-5-(1-methylbut-2-ynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 103368-39-4 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-(S)-4-methyl-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-2-oxo-hexahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl ester | 39850-03-8 | C18H26O5 |
| —— | 40497-38-9 | C22H34O5 | |
| —— | 7,7-dimethyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one | 81491-53-4 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | Methanesulfonic acid 2-((5aR,6R)-2-oxo-octahydro-1,3-dioxa-cyclopropa[a]inden-6-yl)-ethyl ester | 54867-38-8 | C11H16O6S |
| —— | 4a-hydroxy-1β,7-dimethyl-2,8-dioxo-4aα,7α-gibbane-1α,10β-dicarboxylic acid-1-lactone | 113090-12-3 | C19H22O6 |
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