内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 3-(2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 19911-85-4 | C14H18O3 |
| —— | N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-O-(methylsulfonyl)-20-secoebelin-20-amide lactone | 769949-88-4 | C29H39Cl2NO6S |
| —— | 1-oxo-4-methyl-2-oxaspiro<4.5>deca-6,8-diene | 120446-51-7 | C10H12O2 |
| —— | sodium;(E)-[(6aR)-2-oxo-6,6a-dihydro-3aH-cyclopenta[b]furan-3-ylidene]methanolate | 58089-85-3 | C8H7O3*Na |
| —— | (3S,4R)-3-benzyl-4-<<(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carbonyl>amino>-5-pentanolide | 126587-48-2 | C17H23NO4 |
| —— | (+-)-3c-bromo-2c,6ac-dimethyl-5-oxo-(3ar)-hexahydro-2t,4t-methano-furo[2,3-b]furan-7anti-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 2291-21-6 | C11H13BrO5 |
| —— | 4-isobutyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid | 40344-07-8 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | 32693-37-1 | C25H38O6 | |
| —— | (1aS,1bR,4aS,5aR)-1,1-Difluoro-1a-((E)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-4-oxa-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-3-one | 52759-95-2 | C16H20F2O3 |
| —— | (S)-5-Ethoxy-4a,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-3a,4,4a,5,8a,9,10,10a-octahydro-3H-1,6-dioxa-benzo[f]azulen-2-one | 25062-32-2 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | 28612-80-8 | C11H10O2 | |
| —— | (4S,6S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 127589-10-0 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 5-(1-Chloro-ethyl)-3-propyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-47-5 | C9H15ClO2 |
| —— | 2-[(2R,4S)-2-[(E,2R)-4-iodobut-3-en-2-yl]-6-oxooxan-4-yl]acetaldehyde | 353521-09-2 | C11H15IO3 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-6-{2-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-Hexa-hydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-(2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarbonyloxy)-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}-tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one | 159225-41-9 | C38H66O6Si2 |
| —— | (3<i>S</i>)-7-((<i>S</i>)-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-butyl)-6<i>t</i>-methyl-(3<i>r</i><i>N</i>,3a<i>c</i>,8a<i>c</i>)-4,5,6,8a,4',5'-hexahydro-3a<i>H</i>-spiro[cyclohepta[<i>b</i>]furan-3,3'-pyrazol]-2-one | 23264-01-9 | C16H22N2O4 |
| —— | (1R,5S,8S)-1-(5,5-dimethoxypent-1-en-2-yl)-8-[(E)-2-(2-iodoethyl)-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-2,4-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one | 263359-80-4 | C20H31IO5 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-5-((S)-1-Iodo-ethyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 104438-26-8 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | (3aS,7aR)-3a-Allyl-7a-methyl-hexahydro-benzofuran-2-one | 92775-15-0 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (3R,5S,1'S)-5-[1-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-3-iodopropyl]-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one | 1015071-64-3 | C14H27IO3Si |
| —— | (+-)-7-oxo-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8anti-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 102370-11-6 | C9H12O4 |
| —— | 3-(4-allyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-3-phenyl-propionaldehyde | 332940-63-3 | C17H20O3 |
| —— | 2-<i>sec</i>-butyl-4-hydroxy-acetoacetic acid-lactone | 90482-45-4 | C8H12O3 |
| —— | 4-(1-Methylene-propyl)-oxetan-2-one | 87626-05-9 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | ((3aR,4S,5R,6R,6aR)-hexahydro-6-iodo-5-methyl-2-oxo-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-yl)methyl acetate | 1206128-54-2 | C11H15IO4 |
| —— | 960322-94-5 | C19H26O4 | |
| —— | (1R,6R,8R)-1,3-Dimethyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.4.0.0<sup>3,8</sup>]decan-5-one | 19990-37-5 | C11H16O2 |
| —— | (2-ethoxy-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-ethyl-malonic acid diethyl ester | 19918-66-2 | C15H24O7 |
| —— | 3,3,7,7,10,10-hexamethyl-[1,5]dioxecane-2,4,6,8,10-pentaone | 861356-33-4 | C14H18O7 |
| —— | 50719-35-2 | C27H34O4 | |
| —— | α-(2-Oxopyrrolidinomethyl)-δ-hydroxy-γ-valerolacton | 50550-46-4 | C10H15NO4 |
| —— | α-Dihydrocycloheximid-lactonsaeure-amid | 17851-85-3 | C15H25NO4 |
| —— | exo-6-(Chlorcarbonyl)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-endo-5-carbonsaeure-ethylester | 82313-27-7 | C11H11ClO5 |
| —— | Tetrahydrovernolid | 25509-90-4 | C19H26O7 |
| —— | 52592-82-2 | C20H26O6 | |
| —— | 3-Isopropylidene-4-[1-phenyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 37817-10-0 | C14H14O2 |
| —— | 5-Acetyl-5-[3-(2-methoxy-4-methyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-1-methyl-propyl]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 29135-46-4 | C16H26O5 |
| —— | (1S,3R,6R)-3-phenethyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-8-one | 1242310-03-7 | C14H16O3 |
| —— | (1S,5S,8R)-8-(1',3'-dithianyl-2')methyl-2-oxabicyclo[3,2,1]octan-3-one | 174176-77-3 | C12H18O2S2 |
| —— | 1015418-01-5 | C26H25F3N6O3S | |
| —— | 1203511-21-0 | C24H40Cl2O3SiSn | |
| —— | (1S,2S,6S,9S)-2-Hydroxy-6-methyl-11-oxa-tricyclo[7.2.1.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecan-10-one | 35666-96-7 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | (4R,5S,6R,7S,8S)-8-Chloro-7-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-5,6-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester | 42284-77-5 | C13H17ClO7 |
| —— | 5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1041431-52-0 | C11H22O3Si |
| —— | 142038-52-6 | C16H22O6 | |
| —— | (R)-2-((2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(formyloxy)-5-methoxy-4-((triethylsilyl)oxy)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1-((1aS,1a1S,3aS,5S,5aR)-5-methyl-1-methylene-2-oxo-5-((triethylsilyl)oxy)hexahydro-3-oxacyclobuta[cd]pentalen-1a(2H)-yl)ethyl acetate | 1440533-69-6 | C32H54O10Si2 |
| —— | 3-Acetyl-3-isopropyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 35319-49-4 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-formyloxy-4-decanolide | 114021-13-5 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S)-3-[(R)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-5-((R)-1-iodo-pentyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 97249-07-5 | C19H37IO3Si |
| —— | 4-(10-methoxy-decylidene)-3-(9-methoxy-nonyl)-oxetan-2-one | 41624-78-6 | C24H44O4 |
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