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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— α-(2-methylallyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C8H12O2
    α-(2-methylallyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester —— C9H14O4
    2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— tert-butyl 2-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetate —— C10H16O4
    tert-butyl 2-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acetate
    —— trans-3-methylene-4-(non-8-enyl)-5-(pent-4-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one —— C19H30O2
    trans-3-methylene-4-(non-8-enyl)-5-(pent-4-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— cis-3-methylene-4-(non-8-enyl)-5-(pent-4-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one —— C19H30O2
    cis-3-methylene-4-(non-8-enyl)-5-(pent-4-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— cis-3-methylene-5-(non-8-enyl)-4-(pent-4-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one —— C19H30O2
    cis-3-methylene-5-(non-8-enyl)-4-(pent-4-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— trans-3-methylene-5-(non-8-enyl)-4-(pent-4-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one —— C19H30O2
    trans-3-methylene-5-(non-8-enyl)-4-(pent-4-enyl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-trans-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,15a-dodecahydro-3H-1-oxacyclopentacyclotetradecen-2-one —— C17H26O2
    (Z)-trans-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,15a-dodecahydro-3H-1-oxacyclopentacyclotetradecen-2-one
    —— (Z)-cis-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,15,15a-dodecahydro-3H-1-oxacyclopentacyclotetradecen-2-one —— C17H26O2
    (Z)-cis-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,15,15a-dodecahydro-3H-1-oxacyclopentacyclotetradecen-2-one
    —— (Z)-trans-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,15,15a-dodecahydro-3H-1-oxacyclopentacyclotetradecen-2-one —— C17H26O2
    (Z)-trans-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,15,15a-dodecahydro-3H-1-oxacyclopentacyclotetradecen-2-one
    —— (Z)-cis-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,15a-dodecahydro-3H-1-oxacyclopentacyclotetradecen-2-one —— C17H26O2
    (Z)-cis-3-methylene-3a,4,5,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,15a-dodecahydro-3H-1-oxacyclopentacyclotetradecen-2-one
    —— 4-(4-pentenyl)oxetan-2-one —— C8H12O2
    4-(4-pentenyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-4-(2,2-difluoro-2-bromoethyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C8H11BrF2O2
    3,3-dimethyl-4-(2,2-difluoro-2-bromoethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C8H11Cl3O2
    5-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— α-trifluoromethyl-δ-valerolactone —— C6H7F3O2
    α-trifluoromethyl-δ-valerolactone
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C12H11F3O3
    3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3aRS,6RS,6aSR)-6-phenylhexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C13H14O2
    (3aRS,6RS,6aSR)-6-phenylhexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 2-acetyl-3-hydroxymethyl-pent-4-enoic acid-lactone —— C8H10O3
    2-acetyl-3-hydroxymethyl-pent-4-enoic acid-lactone
    —— 2-acetyl-4-hydroxy-hex-5-enoic acid-lactone —— C8H10O3
    2-acetyl-4-hydroxy-hex-5-enoic acid-lactone
    —— 5-(cyclopentylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H16O2
    5-(cyclopentylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (Z)-3,4-trans-11-oxo-3-methyl dodec-cis-6-en-4-olide —— C13H20O3
    (Z)-3,4-trans-11-oxo-3-methyl dodec-cis-6-en-4-olide
    —— Ethyl-(tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4,5-dioxafuran)-3-carboxylat —— C8H10O6
    Ethyl-(tetrahydro-3-methoxy-4,5-dioxafuran)-3-carboxylat
    —— (R)-octadecan-4-olide —— C18H34O2
    (R)-octadecan-4-olide
    —— 3,3,5-trichloro-oxonan-2-one —— C8H11Cl3O2
    3,3,5-trichloro-oxonan-2-one
    —— (4R,9Z)-octadec-9-en-4-olide —— C18H32O2
    (4R,9Z)-octadec-9-en-4-olide
    —— 9-oxabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-10-one —— C9H14O2
    9-oxabicyclo[6.2.0]decan-10-one
    —— (+/-)-4-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one —— C7H8O3
    (+/-)-4-hydroxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-7-en-3-one
    —— (R)-Pantolactone (1S,6R)-1-cyano-6-phenyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate —— C20H21NO4
    (R)-Pantolactone (1S,6R)-1-cyano-6-phenyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate
    —— 6-acetyl-3-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.14,8]undecan-2-one —— C12H16O3
    6-acetyl-3-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.14,8]undecan-2-one
    —— diplodialide D —— C10H16O4
    diplodialide D
    —— 2,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-arabinonic acid γ-lactone —— C14H32O5Si3
    2,3,5-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-arabinonic acid γ-lactone
    —— 3-deoxy-2,5,6-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-ribo-hexonic acid lactone —— C15H34O5Si3
    3-deoxy-2,5,6-tris-O-(trimethylsilyl)-D-ribo-hexonic acid lactone
    —— α,α-di-t-butyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C12H22O2
    α,α-di-t-butyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (1RS,4SR,5SR)-1-acetyl-4-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C13H12O3
    (1RS,4SR,5SR)-1-acetyl-4-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoroheptyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H7F13O2
    3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoroheptyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-(4-propylcyclohexyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C14H24O2
    5-(4-propylcyclohexyl)tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4S)-4-O-methylcephalosporolide C —— C11H18O5
    (4S)-4-O-methylcephalosporolide C
    —— 4-hydroxy-6-non-1-enyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one —— C14H24O3
    4-hydroxy-6-non-1-enyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (4S,5S)-5-(pivaloyloxymethyl)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2-one —— C13H20O6
    (4S,5S)-5-(pivaloyloxymethyl)-4-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 1-(2-furyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one —— C9H8O3
    1-(2-furyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one
    —— 1-(1-methylethenyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one —— C8H10O2
    1-(1-methylethenyl)-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one
    —— 1-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one —— C11H10O2
    1-phenyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one
    —— 2-oxo-4-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carbonitrile —— C10H15NO2
    2-oxo-4-pentyltetrahydrofuran-3-carbonitrile
    —— (Z)-3-hexylidene-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one —— C22H40O2
    (Z)-3-hexylidene-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one
    —— (E)-3-hexylidene-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one —— C22H40O2
    (E)-3-hexylidene-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one
    —— 3-methylene-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one —— C17H30O2
    3-methylene-4-tridecyloxetan-2-one
    —— 9-methyl-9-vinyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione —— C10H10O4
    9-methyl-9-vinyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione
    —— (R)-5-propyl-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (R)-5-propyl-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (S)-5-propyl-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C13H16O2
    (S)-5-propyl-5-phenyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 3-acetyl-2-methyltetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furanpropanoic acid —— C10H14O5
    3-acetyl-2-methyltetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furanpropanoic acid