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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 6,6-dimethyl-4(R)-[1(S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2-propen-1-yl)-cyclopent-2-enyloxy]-3-oxabicyclo-(3,1,0)-hexan-2-one —— C16H20O4
    6,6-dimethyl-4(R)-[1(S)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(2-propen-1-yl)-cyclopent-2-enyloxy]-3-oxabicyclo-(3,1,0)-hexan-2-one
    —— (5S)-5-aminooxolan-2-one;hydrobromide —— C49H51Cl2FN3O8Pol
    (5S)-5-aminooxolan-2-one;hydrobromide
    —— preaustinoid A1 —— C26H36O7
    preaustinoid A1
    —— 8,8-di-tert-butyl-3-phenyl-4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-hexahydro-2aH-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-2-one —— C23H31NO5Si
    8,8-di-tert-butyl-3-phenyl-4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-hexahydro-2aH-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-2-one
    —— (5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl methanesulfonate —— C6H10O5S
    (5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl methanesulfonate
    —— 5-(6-oxoheptyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H18O3
    5-(6-oxoheptyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 10-(Iodomethyl)decanolide —— C11H19IO2
    10-(Iodomethyl)decanolide
    —— 3,8,8-tri-tert-butyl-4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-hexahydro-2aH-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-2-one —— C21H35NO5Si
    3,8,8-tri-tert-butyl-4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-hexahydro-2aH-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-2-one
    —— (±)-4-(ethynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H6O2
    (±)-4-(ethynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (R)-4-(ethynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H6O2
    (R)-4-(ethynyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R,7R)-7-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one —— C24H28O4Si
    (1S,5R,6R,7R)-7-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-one
    —— (3aR,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-carbaldehyde 1513876-38-4 C8H8O3
    (3aR,6aS)-2-oxo-3,3a,6,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-carbaldehyde
    —— (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-4-(hydroxymethyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C24H30O4Si
    (3aR,4S,5R,6aS)-5-((tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy)-4-(hydroxymethyl)hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-1,7-dioxa-2-aza-spiro[4.4]non-2-en-6-one —— C7H9NO3
    3-methyl-1,7-dioxa-2-aza-spiro[4.4]non-2-en-6-one
    —— 2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-talono-1,4-lactone —— C7H12O7
    2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-talono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-galactono-1,4-lactone —— C7H12O7
    2-C-hydroxymethyl-D-galactono-1,4-lactone
    —— tert-butyl-(1S,2S,6S,7R,8R)-(3-methyl-9-oxo-5,10-dioxa-4-azatricyclo-[6.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-3-en-7-yl)-carbamoate —— C14H20N2O5
    tert-butyl-(1S,2S,6S,7R,8R)-(3-methyl-9-oxo-5,10-dioxa-4-azatricyclo-[6.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-3-en-7-yl)-carbamoate
    —— tert-butyl-(3-methyl-9-oxo-5,10-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-3-en-7-yl)-carbamoate —— C14H20N2O5
    tert-butyl-(3-methyl-9-oxo-5,10-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]undec-3-en-7-yl)-carbamoate
    —— 3-methoxycarbonyl-6,9-divinyl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one —— C14H18O4
    3-methoxycarbonyl-6,9-divinyl-1-oxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-one
    —— 3-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)-4-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C13H16O3
    3-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)-4-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-oxooctahydroindeno-[7a,1-b]oxen-4a-carboxylate —— C13H18O4
    ethyl 2-oxooctahydroindeno-[7a,1-b]oxen-4a-carboxylate
    —— (3α[E],4aα,6aα,9aβ,9bα)-4a,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-2-methyl-3-(1-nonenyl)cyclopenta[f]pyrano[3,4-n]pyran-5(3H)-one —— C21H32O3
    (3α[E],4aα,6aα,9aβ,9bα)-4a,6,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-2-methyl-3-(1-nonenyl)cyclopenta[f]pyrano[3,4-n]pyran-5(3H)-one
    —— (3aS,5aR,7R,9aR,9bR)-8-Methyl-7-((E)-non-1-enyl)-2,3,3a,7,9a,9b-hexahydro-1H,5aH-4,6-dioxa-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-5-one —— C21H32O3
    (3aS,5aR,7R,9aR,9bR)-8-Methyl-7-((E)-non-1-enyl)-2,3,3a,7,9a,9b-hexahydro-1H,5aH-4,6-dioxa-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-5-one
    —— trans-5-ethyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H10O3
    trans-5-ethyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— cis-3-hydroxy-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H10O3
    cis-3-hydroxy-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-hydroxy-5-phenylmethyl-(3S,5R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C11H12O3
    3-hydroxy-5-phenylmethyl-(3S,5R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— 6-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone —— C6H9ClO3
    6-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxy-δ-lactone
    —— 1-oxaspiro[3,4]octan-2-one —— C7H10O2
    1-oxaspiro[3,4]octan-2-one
    —— 5-ethyl-5-pentyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone —— C11H20O2
    5-ethyl-5-pentyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone
    —— (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-hexahydro-5-triethylsilyloxy-4-((S,E)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one —— C24H36O4Si
    (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-hexahydro-5-triethylsilyloxy-4-((S,E)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpent-1-enyl)cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— 10-(trichloromethyl)-9-oxadispiro<2.1.2.3>decane-4,8-dione —— C10H9Cl3O3
    10-(trichloromethyl)-9-oxadispiro<2.1.2.3>decane-4,8-dione
    —— (Z)-3-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone —— C6H5Cl3O2
    (Z)-3-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone
    —— methyl 2-[(1S,6S)-4-[(1S,2S,3S,6S,7S,10R,12S,14S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-1,10-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethyl-4-oxo-5,11,13-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.0.02,7.03,12]tetradecan-14-yl]-2,2,6-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate —— C24H24NO11Pol
    methyl 2-[(1S,6S)-4-[(1S,2S,3S,6S,7S,10R,12S,14S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-1,10-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethyl-4-oxo-5,11,13-trioxatetracyclo[8.4.0.02,7.03,12]tetradecan-14-yl]-2,2,6-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate
    —— perfluoro-δ-valerolactone —— C5F8O2
    perfluoro-δ-valerolactone
    —— trans-acetic acid 1-methyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propionyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ethyl ester —— C13H20O5
    trans-acetic acid 1-methyl-1-(4-methyl-5-oxo-4-propionyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)ethyl ester
    —— α-acetyl-α-octyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C14H24O3
    α-acetyl-α-octyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— cis,trans-5-Phenyl-3-carbethoxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-on —— C13H14O4
    cis,trans-5-Phenyl-3-carbethoxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-on
    —— coronarin D —— C20H30O3
    coronarin D
    —— (4R,6R)-6-((1R,2E,4E,6R,8E)-9-bromo-1-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-6-methoxy-3-methylnona-2,4,8-trienyl)-4-methoxytetrahydropyran-2-one —— C33H43BrO5Si
    (4R,6R)-6-((1R,2E,4E,6R,8E)-9-bromo-1-(tert-butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)-6-methoxy-3-methylnona-2,4,8-trienyl)-4-methoxytetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C12H22O3Si
    (4R,5S)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— <1S-(1α,5α)>-6β-methyl-6α-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one —— C12H18O2
    <1S-(1α,5α)>-6β-methyl-6α-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— <1S-(1α,5α)>-6α-methyl-6β-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one —— C12H18O2
    <1S-(1α,5α)>-6α-methyl-6β-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-3-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-2-one
    —— 6-methyl-6-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C12H18O2
    6-methyl-6-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— 3-Ethyl-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C8H12O3
    3-Ethyl-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— gamma-butyrolactone methacrylate —— C4H6O2*C4H6O2
    gamma-butyrolactone methacrylate
    —— trans-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-phenylhexanoic lactone —— C13H16O2
    trans-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-phenylhexanoic lactone
    —— (4S,5R)-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C23H48O4Si2
    (4S,5R)-4-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-5-(((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 1-vinyloxy-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one —— C12H16O3
    1-vinyloxy-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.13,8]undecan-5-one
    —— andrographolide-8,17-β-epoxide-14α-O-chloroacetate —— C22H31ClO7
    andrographolide-8,17-β-epoxide-14α-O-chloroacetate
    —— andrographolide-8,17-α-epoxide-14α-O-bromoacetate —— C22H31BrO7
    andrographolide-8,17-α-epoxide-14α-O-bromoacetate