内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]furan-1,5-dione | 88587-01-3 | C7H8O3 |
| —— | ethyl (2aS,2a<sup>1</sup>R,3S,8aS)-2-oxo-5-((triisopropylsilyl)oxy)-2a,2a1,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-3-carboxylate | 1579293-68-7 | C23H38O5Si |
| —— | (9S,9aS)-9-Acetyl-4,4,9a-trimethyl-octahydro-7-oxa-benzocyclohepten-6-one | 40267-00-3 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | (R)-5-[(2R,4R)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-2,4-dimethyl-pentanoyl]-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74231-33-7 | C28H38O4Si |
| —— | 38898-53-2 | C11H10O2 | |
| —— | (3α,3aα,9aα)- and (3α,3aα,9aβ)-octahydro-3-(carboxymethyl)cyloocta(b)furan-2(3H)-one | 56695-31-9 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | (1R,2R,3S,4S,7S,8S,11R,14Z,17R)-4-hydroxy-4,8,11,15-tetramethyl-10,18-dioxatetracyclo[9.7.0.02,7.03,17]octadec-14-en-9-one | 1254295-07-2 | C20H30O4 |
| —— | (E)-3-(1-(2-thienyl)ethylidene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 1338725-98-6 | C10H10O2S |
| —— | (3aR,5S,7aR)-5-Isopropyl-7a-methyl-2-oxo-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 90660-25-6 | C15H24O4 |
| —— | 3c-ethoxy-6-methyl-7-propoxy-(3ac,7ac)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-3H-4r,7c-epioxido-furo[3,4-c]pyridin-1-one | 51947-97-8 | C13H19NO5 |
| —— | 54358-79-1 | C14H12BrCl3O5 | |
| —— | (3aR,4S,7R,7aS,8aS,8bR)-4-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>octahydro-7-methyl-1H-cyclopropa<3,4>cycloocta<1,2-c>furan-1,5(2H)-dione | 162789-41-5 | C33H44O4Si |
| —— | (5R,6S)-6-((S)-3-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-propyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 870075-09-5 | C10H18O4 |
| —— | 1SR,4SR,7SR,8RS,11RS,12RS-5-chloro-8-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-3-oxatetracyclo<5.4.2.0<sup>4.12</sup>0<sup>7.11</sup>>tridec-5-en-2-one | 88555-74-2 | C14H17ClO3 |
| —— | (1R,5S,6S)-6-((E)-Buta-1,3-dienyl)-2-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 83326-22-1 | C12H14O4 |
| —— | (2-Methylcyclohexyl)malonesterlacton | 37517-36-5 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 84143-98-6 | C8H9IO2 | |
| —— | 2-isobutyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 28379-03-5 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 51037-22-0 | C16H21BrO4 | |
| —— | opt.inakt. 4-Ethoxy-2-heptyl-4-hydroxy-buttersaeure-lacton | 3494-62-0 | C13H24O3 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-Hydroxymethyl-4-(R)-oxiranyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 86277-78-3 | C7H10O4 |
| —— | (5R,6R)-5-Methyl-6-((S)-1-methyl-2-oxo-butyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 142821-50-9 | C11H18O3 |
| —— | 3-(3-Trimethylsilanyl-prop-2-ynyloxy)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 189047-00-5 | C10H16O3Si |
| —— | 3-Methyl-2-oxo-5-propyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid | 97433-26-6 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | 5-hexyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 91976-54-4 | C13H22O4 |
| —— | 54358-76-8 | C15H15ClO7 | |
| —— | 5-benzyl-3-methylene-5-(pent-4-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1610542-21-6 | C17H18O2 |
| —— | 3.3-Bis-<difluor-chlor-methyl>-propiolacton | 26879-27-6 | C5H2Cl2F4O2 |
| —— | (1S,6S)-ethyl 1-allyl-2-oxo-6-((R)-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxylate | 1425314-25-5 | C16H20O5 |
| —— | Simvastatin-d3 | 1002347-61-6 | C25H38O5 |
| —— | methyl (1R,3aS,4S,7aR)-4-(acetoxymethyl)-1,4-dimethyl-9-oxo-2,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1H-3a,7a-(epoxyethano)indene-5-carboxylate | 1632978-34-7 | C18H24O6 |
| —— | 1586824-36-3 | C11H11FO2 | |
| —— | α-(2-(methoxymethyl)allyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1221896-15-6 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | (3aS,7aS)-7a-(2-Bromo-allyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-isobenzofuran-1,4-dione | 130506-13-7 | C13H15BrO3 |
| —— | 1632978-37-0 | C15H18O4 | |
| —— | 16387-03-4 | C24H36O3 | |
| —— | 1-(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium iodide | 87497-17-4 | C10H18NO4*I |
| —— | (5S,6S)-dihydro-6-isopropyl-5-methyl-3H-pyran-2,4-dione | 1268671-69-7 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | d,l-3,4-Dicarboxy-8-hydroxymenthan-γ-lacton | 51820-76-9 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | trans-14-Oxabicyclo<10.3.0>pentadecan-3-on | 51471-29-5 | C14H24O2 |
| —— | propionate d'(oxo-2 methyl-3 tetrahydrofuryl-5) methyle | 101236-13-9 | C9H14O4 |
| —— | (3S,5S,6S)-3,5-Dimethyl-6-vinyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 74231-26-8 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (R)-5-[(2R,4R)-5-(tert-Butyl-diphenyl-silanyloxy)-1-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-pentyl]-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74231-32-6 | C28H40O4Si |
| —— | 3-Isopropylthiobutanolid-4 | 42435-69-8 | C7H12O2S |
| —— | ((1R,3S,7R,8S)-5-Oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.03,8]dec-7-yl)-carbamic acid ethyl ester | 83362-15-6 | C12H17NO4 |
| —— | (1S,2R,5R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-7-one | 1334809-42-5 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 1632978-38-1 | C15H18O5 | |
| —— | β-acetyl-γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone | 95891-76-2 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | (3S,5R)-5-(4-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)butyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1428423-17-9 | C15H30O3Si |
| —— | (5aR,6R,8aS,8bS)-6,8b-dimethyl-5,7,8,8b-tetrahydro-6H-8a,5a-(epoxyethano)indeno[4,5-c]furan-3,10(1H)-dione | 1632978-35-8 | C15H18O4 |
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