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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (E)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-3-[4,4-di(methylthio)-buta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2(3H)-furanone —— C11H16O2S2
    (E)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-3-[4,4-di(methylthio)-buta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (E)-(3-adamantan-2-yl-2-methylallyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C19H28O2
    (E)-(3-adamantan-2-yl-2-methylallyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (Z,Z)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-3-[4-(methylthio)-2-nitrobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H13NO4S
    (Z,Z)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-3-[4-(methylthio)-2-nitrobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (1E,3Z)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-3-[4-(methylthio)-2-nitrobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H13NO4S
    (1E,3Z)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-3-[4-(methylthio)-2-nitrobuta-1,3-dien-1-yl]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (S)-5-isopropyloxepan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    (S)-5-isopropyloxepan-2-one
    —— 5-isopropyloxepan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    5-isopropyloxepan-2-one
    —— 5,9-dioxabicyclo<5.3.0>dec-1-en-3-methyliden-6,8-dione —— C9H8O4
    5,9-dioxabicyclo<5.3.0>dec-1-en-3-methyliden-6,8-dione
    —— (E)-2-trimethylsilylmethylene-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C9H16O2Si
    (E)-2-trimethylsilylmethylene-4-methyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 1-methyl-2-phenyl-11-oxadispiro[2.1.5.2]dodecane-4,12-dione —— C18H20O3
    1-methyl-2-phenyl-11-oxadispiro[2.1.5.2]dodecane-4,12-dione
    —— (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl 2-bromoacetate —— C17H21BrO4
    (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl 2-bromoacetate
    —— 7-oxa-6,6-pentamethylene-2-thia-3-(thien-2-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3-en-8-one —— C15H16O2S2
    7-oxa-6,6-pentamethylene-2-thia-3-(thien-2-yl)bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3-en-8-one
    —— (E)-3-(4-oxooxetan-2-yl)prop-2-enal —— C6H6O3
    (E)-3-(4-oxooxetan-2-yl)prop-2-enal
    —— (3aR,4S,7R,9aR)-4-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>-3a,4,7,9a-tetrahydro-7-methylcycloocta<c>furan-1,5(3H,6H)-dione —— C32H42O4Si
    (3aR,4S,7R,9aR)-4-<(1R)-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsiloxy)-1-methylbutyl>-3a,4,7,9a-tetrahydro-7-methylcycloocta<c>furan-1,5(3H,6H)-dione
    —— (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl propiolate —— C9H10O4
    (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl propiolate
    —— (E)-5,7-octadien-5-olide —— C8H10O2
    (E)-5,7-octadien-5-olide
    —— 8,8-di-tert-butyl-3-(3-chloropropyl)-4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-hexahydro-2aH-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-2-one —— C20H32ClNO5Si
    8,8-di-tert-butyl-3-(3-chloropropyl)-4a,5a,6,9a,9b,9c-hexahydro-2aH-1,5,7,9-tetraoxa-4-aza-8-silapentaleno[1,6-ab]naphthalen-2-one
    —— (S)-4-n-heptyl-oxetan-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (S)-4-n-heptyl-oxetan-2-one
    —— (R)-4-(but-1-ynyl)oxetan-2-one —— C7H8O2
    (R)-4-(but-1-ynyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— 3-(1-ethyl-1-hydroxypropyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C9H16O3
    3-(1-ethyl-1-hydroxypropyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (-)-teubrevin G —— C22H22O8
    (-)-teubrevin G
    —— teubrevin H —— C22H22O8
    teubrevin H
    —— 3(R)-hydroxy-4(S)-ethyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C7H12O3
    3(R)-hydroxy-4(S)-ethyl-4-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R,1'R,2'R)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H20O4
    (3R,4S,5R,1'R,2'R)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R,1'R,2'S)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H20O4
    (3R,4S,5R,1'R,2'S)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxepanone —— C9H16O2
    5-ethyl-5-methyl-2-oxepanone
    —— (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-[(S,E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)oct-1-en-5-ynyl]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one 1554688-79-7 C21H32O3Si
    (3aS,4R,6aR)-4-[(S,E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)oct-1-en-5-ynyl]-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one
    —— (Z)-3-benzylidene-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C17H14O2
    (Z)-3-benzylidene-5-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 4-(chlorodifluoromethyl)-4-(dichlorofluoromethyl)-2-oxetanone —— C5H2Cl3F3O2
    4-(chlorodifluoromethyl)-4-(dichlorofluoromethyl)-2-oxetanone
    —— 6-methyl-5-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C12H12O2
    6-methyl-5-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— γ-lactone 2,2-difluorobutyric acid —— C4H4F2O2
    γ-lactone 2,2-difluorobutyric acid
    —— (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl methacrylate —— C10H14O4
    (R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl methacrylate
    —— 3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxepan-2-one —— C8H9F3O3
    3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— 5-phenyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone —— C12H9F3O3
    5-phenyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— 2-oxooxolan-3-yl methanesulfonate —— C5H8O5S
    2-oxooxolan-3-yl methanesulfonate
    —— (4R,5R)-4-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H18O2
    (4R,5R)-4-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— S-[(6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl] ethanethioate —— C8H12O3S
    S-[(6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl] ethanethioate
    —— 6-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C6H9BrO2
    6-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (Z)-5-[(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)methyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)hexylidene]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C22H40O4
    (Z)-5-[(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)methyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[5-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)hexylidene]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1RS,5SR,6SR,7RS)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptan-2-one —— C8H10Cl2O2
    (1RS,5SR,6SR,7RS)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptan-2-one
    —— (1RS,5SR,6SR,7SR)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptan-2,4-dione —— C8H8Cl2O3
    (1RS,5SR,6SR,7SR)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]-heptan-2,4-dione
    —— (1RS,5SR,6RS,7RS)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2,4-dione —— C8H8Cl2O3
    (1RS,5SR,6RS,7RS)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2,4-dione
    —— (1RS,5SR,6SR,7RS)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2,4-dione —— C8H8Cl2O3
    (1RS,5SR,6SR,7RS)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2,4-dione
    —— (1RS,5SR,6RS,7SR)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one —— C8H10Cl2O2
    (1RS,5SR,6RS,7SR)-6,7-bis(chloromethyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— cis-tetrahydro-3-methylene-2-oxo-5-n-octyl-4-furancarboxylic acid —— C14H22O4
    cis-tetrahydro-3-methylene-2-oxo-5-n-octyl-4-furancarboxylic acid
    —— C75 191282-48-1 C14H22O4
    C75
    —— 4-(methoxymethyl)-2-propiolactone —— C5H8O3
    4-(methoxymethyl)-2-propiolactone
    —— trans-3-methyldihydro-4-nitromethyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H9NO4
    trans-3-methyldihydro-4-nitromethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3,4-dibromo-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C5H6Br2O2
    3,4-dibromo-3-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4,5-dihydro-3-chloro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C5H7ClO2
    4,5-dihydro-3-chloro-3-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— exo/endo-Z-2-carboxy-3-(hydroxymethylene)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene γ-lactone —— C10H12O2
    exo/endo-Z-2-carboxy-3-(hydroxymethylene)bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene γ-lactone