内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Octahydrovernodalin | 21871-11-4 | C19H28O7 |
| —— | (5E,9E)-Oxacyclotrideca-5,9-dien-2-one | 34553-02-1 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (1S,5aS,10aS,12aS)-1-Hydroxy-10a,12a-dimethyl-hexadecahydro-8-oxa-cyclohepta[a]cyclopenta[f]naphthalen-7-one | 76043-54-4 | C19H30O3 |
| —— | (S)-4,4-Dimethyl-5-(2-methyl-propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 108885-75-2 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 5-(4-azidobutyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1396570-44-7 | C8H13N3O2 |
| —— | 1,4,7,7-tetramethyl-norborn-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid anhydride | 41281-44-1 | C13H16O3 |
| —— | Tetrahydrovernolepin | 20107-22-6 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | O-Isopropyl-photosantonsaeure-lacton | 23811-36-1 | C18H26O4 |
| —— | 32304-26-0 | C18H16O6 | |
| —— | (1R,2S,5S,7S,8S)-4-Hydroxy-7-iodo-10-oxo-9-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undecane-2-carboxylic acid | 28269-10-5 | C11H13IO5 |
| —— | 5-(1-Chloraethyl)-2,3-dimethylhexan-2,5-diolid | 13656-94-5 | C10H13ClO4 |
| —— | (4S,6R)-4-[1,3]Dithiolan-2-yl-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 195703-24-3 | C9H14O2S2 |
| —— | 5-Methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[b]pyran-2-one | 78074-06-3 | C9H12O2 |
| —— | (3R,4R,5S,Z)-2-benzylidene-5-(cyclohexyloxy)-4-isopropyl-3-(nitromethyl)-tetrahydrofuran | 1203668-78-3 | C21H29NO4 |
| —— | 5-(chloromethyl)-5-(3-phenylpropyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1392140-49-6 | C14H17ClO2 |
| —— | <3aα,7aα>-7a-<1-<<(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl>oxy>-3-phenyl-2-propynyl>hexahydro-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone | 130082-96-1 | C23H32O3Si |
| —— | 15-cyclohexylidene-14-oxa-dispiro[5.0.5.3]pentadecan-13-one | 33777-11-6 | C20H30O2 |
| —— | (1R,2R,4E,6S,7S,8R,9S)-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4,11,11-trimethyl-7-triethylsilyloxy-12-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.0<sup>1,9</sup>]tridec-4-en-13-one | 1040833-85-9 | C22H38O5Si |
| —— | Dehydrochymenolid | 25062-31-1 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | 5-(3-hydroxy-1-triethylsilanylprop-1-enyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester | 1464071-48-4 | C17H30O5Si |
| —— | (3aR,6R,7aS)-6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-3a-hydroxy-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1-benzofuran-2-one | 433218-95-2 | C14H26O4Si |
| —— | β-<1-Phenyl-isobutyl>-γ-phenyl-butyrolacton | 24896-47-7 | C20H22O2 |
| —— | Isobutyric acid (3S,3aR,4R,6R,6aS,8S,9R,9aR,9bS)-8-acetoxy-9a-fluoro-6,9-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethyl-2-oxo-dodecahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester | 110200-56-1 | C21H31FO8 |
| —— | ((E)-5-Propenyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 120190-62-7 | C7H10O2 |
| —— | 21347-53-5 | C18H26O5 | |
| —— | O-Ethyl-isophotosantonsaeure-lacton | 23811-35-0 | C17H24O4 |
| —— | (3Z,6Z,8Z)-(2R,10R)-12-Oxa-tricyclo[9.2.2.0<sup>2,10</sup>]pentadeca-3,6,8,14-tetraen-13-one | 43087-63-4 | C14H14O2 |
| —— | 9a-deutero-5a-methyl-trans-octahydro-1-benzoxepin-2(3H)-one | 103216-29-1 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | 1140282-46-7 | C24H41NO6Si2 | |
| —— | 3,3-diethyl-4,5-dihydro-5[[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]methyl]-2(3H)-furanone | 185907-48-6 | C10H18O5S |
| —— | α-(2-bromoallyl)-γ-butyrolactone | 1221896-18-9 | C7H9BrO2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 86277-79-4 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | (3aR,4S,7aR)-2-Oxo-4-vinyl-octahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 37517-35-4 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-phenylpentansaeure-lacton | 20215-62-7 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-3-phenylpentansaeure-lacton | 20215-63-8 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | [(S)-2-Methyl-1-((R)-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 153025-80-0 | C13H23NO4 |
| —— | (R)-4-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethoxy-methyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one | 158465-93-1 | C9H16O5 |
| —— | 5-butyl-3-methylene-5-(pent-4-yn-1-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1610542-20-5 | C14H20O2 |
| —— | (1R,2S,6R,7S)-1,4,4,7-Tetramethyl-11-oxa-tricyclo[5.3.2.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dodecan-12-one | 28380-34-9 | C15H24O2 |
| —— | (5aR,8aR)-Octahydro-dicyclopenta[b,c]furan-5-one | 24097-77-6 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | cis-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-3,4,4-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 121756-31-8 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 6a-octyl-dihydro-furo[2,3-<i>b</i>]furan-2,5-dione | 25995-38-4 | C14H22O4 |
| —— | (1α,2β,6α)-2-Methyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonane-4,8-dione | 100017-21-8 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1R,5R,8R,9S)-9-methoxy-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.1]non-8-yl ester | 142030-48-6 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | 5-methyl-2-oxo-3-propyltetrahydrofuran-3-carbonyl chloride | 1129542-48-8 | C9H13ClO3 |
| —— | (4aR,5R,6R)-5-Iodo-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-quinoline-4a,6-carbolactone | 171523-75-4 | C10H12INO2 |
| —— | (S)-4,4-Dimethyl-5-(2-methyl-allyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 108885-74-1 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 1,1-Dimethyl-7β-hydroxy-trans-decalin-10-carbonsaeurelacton | 35215-48-6 | C13H20O2 |
| —— | 4-Eth-(E)-ylidene-3-isopropylidene-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 37817-44-0 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 5-(3-acetoxy-1-triethylsilanylprop-1-enyl)-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester | 1464071-50-8 | C19H32O6Si |
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