内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (3aR,4R,6aS)-4-Methyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 74231-22-4 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | 1250986-88-9 | C21H40O9Si | |
| —— | O-(4-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)butyl)hydroxylammonium trifluoroacetate | 1101207-25-3 | C2HF3O2*C8H15NO3 |
| —— | 32693-40-6 | C23H36O5 | |
| —— | (4R,6S)-4-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-trichloromethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 195132-51-5 | C12H21Cl3O3Si |
| —— | 3-Propylthio-4-hydroxypentansaeurelacton | 25516-07-8 | C8H14O2S |
| —— | 2-Carbamoylimino-5-propyl-[1,3]oxathiolane-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 33242-96-5 | C10H16N2O4S |
| —— | (S)-1,9a-Dimethyl-octahydro-benzo[c]oxepin-3-one | 38655-99-1 | C12H20O2 |
| —— | (1S,5R,8R)-1-Methyl-8-vinyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 125452-64-4 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 1198472-32-0 | C9H12O3 | |
| —— | 4-Adamant-1-yl-4-phenyl-2-oxetanon | 38943-58-7 | C19H22O2 |
| —— | Ethylethyl(1-methyl-3-hydroxybutyl)-malonatlacton | 5565-12-8 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | (4S)-4-[chloro(difluoro)methyl]oxetan-2-one | 208248-61-7 | C4H3ClF2O2 |
| —— | (S)-1-Vinyl-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 40587-51-7 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | 3β-Acetoxy-20β-hydroxy-9-oxo-9,12-seco-11-nor-5α-pregnan-12-oic Acid Lactone | 36000-70-1 | C22H32O5 |
| —— | trans-octahydrocycloocta<b>furan-2(3H)-one | 19296-86-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 1010684-38-4 | C16H22O2 | |
| —— | 3-propyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-41-9 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | α,α-Dichlor-β,γ-diphenyl-γ-butyrolacton | 35538-89-7 | C16H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | (5S,6S)-5-Bromo-6-chloro-hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1,3-dione | 26595-89-1 | C8H8BrClO3 |
| —— | N,N'-(3-Oxo-2-oxabicyclo<2.2.2>oct-7-en-endo-5,exo-6-diyl)bis(carbamidsaeure-isopropylester) | 82313-41-5 | C15H22N2O6 |
| —— | 38898-32-7 | C15H12O2 | |
| —— | Tetrahydroisabelin | 24462-23-5 | C15H20O4 |
| —— | Dihydropretoxin | 24548-58-1 | C19H26O8 |
| —— | 3-(3-chloro-but-2-enyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-77-1 | C8H11ClO2 |
| —— | (+)-1α,2α,6α-2-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<4.3.0>nonane-4,8-dione | 132016-10-5 | C9H12O3 |
| —— | 4-(2-Acetyl-5-methyl-cyclopent-1-enylmethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 28625-22-1 | C15H22O3 |
| —— | 1,3-Dimethylcyclohexan-1,3-dicarbonsaeureanhydrid | 1130-29-6 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (3aS,4aS,8aR,8bR)-8b-((Z)-3-Hydroxy-propenyl)-3-methyl-2-oxo-decahydro-indeno[1,2-b]furan-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 76661-09-1 | C17H24O5 |
| —— | (7R,9R)-7,9-dimethylnonanolide | 130858-77-4 | C11H20O2 |
| —— | (S)-5a-Ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,9-bis-propylsulfanylmethyl-octahydro-furo[2,3-f]isochromene-2,8-dione | 28624-11-5 | C21H34O5S2 |
| —— | (2R,3R,4R,5S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl-4-octanolide | 145063-99-6 | C15H27NO5 |
| —— | δ-Iod-α-aethyl-γ-valerolacton | 1729-30-2 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | cis-3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-7a-(2-propenyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone | 130082-92-7 | C11H14O2 |
| —— | (1S,5R,6R,7R)-7-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-6-carboxylic acid | 618387-01-2 | C24H28O5Si |
| —— | 2-methyl-7-oxo-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-benzofuran-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 34780-15-9 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3R,4aR,6aR,7aS,10aS,10bS,10cR)-3,4a,7,7,10b-pentamethyl-8-oxo-3-vinyl-decahydro-4,9-dioxa-pentaleno[1,2-a]naphthalen-7a-yl ester | 28644-85-1 | C23H34O5 |
| —— | (3aS,6S,8aS)-7-[(S)-1-Hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-[1,3]dithiolan-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,8a-hexahydro-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one | 23264-03-1 | C17H26O3S2 |
| —— | cis-Hexahydro-7a-(3-phenyl-2-propynyl)-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone | 130082-81-4 | C17H18O2 |
| —— | 6-Heptyl-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 344884-70-4 | C13H24O2 |
| —— | 5,6,8,9-Tetrabromo-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxa-spiro[3.5]nonane-2,7-dione | 29818-41-5 | C10H10Br4O3 |
| —— | 115476-73-8 | C16H16ClNO2Se | |
| —— | 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-5-phenylselanyloxolane-3-carbonitrile | 115476-71-6 | C13H12ClNO2Se |
| —— | <3R-(3β,5aα,7aβ,8β,11aα,11bβ,12S)>-1,3,4,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b-Dodecahydro-12-hydroxy-3,8,11a-trimethyl-4-oxo-2H-3,5a-methanonaphth<2,1-b>oxepin-8-carbonsaeure-methylester | 24267-77-4 | C20H30O5 |
| —— | 6,18,25-trioxatetracyclo[10.10.6.13,21.110,14]triaconta-1(22),2,10,12,14(30),21(29)-hexaene-7,17,26-trione | 80935-53-1 | C27H30O6 |
| —— | 2-(5-azidopentanoyl)butyrolactone | 99054-23-6 | C9H13N3O3 |
| —— | α-Methyl-α-phenylacetylbutyrolacton | 34604-83-6 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | 29135-47-5 | C15H20O4 | |
| —— | 2,4,6-Trimethyl-7-oxodecanolid | 32971-15-6 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | (2aR,5aS,8aS,8bS)-2a,5a-Dimethyl-7-methylene-octahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2,6-dione | 36807-68-8 | C14H18O3 |
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