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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (4S)-{[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-1-yl]carbonylthio}-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C14H18O5S
    (4S)-{[(1S,4R)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-1-yl]carbonylthio}-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-ethyl(thiocarbonyl)thio-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C7H10O2S2
    4-ethyl(thiocarbonyl)thio-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— rac-3-[2-(2-dimethylamino)-propyl]-butyrolactone —— C9H17NO2
    rac-3-[2-(2-dimethylamino)-propyl]-butyrolactone
    —— rac-3-(R/S)-[(isopropylmethylamino)-methylenyl]-butyrolactone —— C9H17NO2
    rac-3-(R/S)-[(isopropylmethylamino)-methylenyl]-butyrolactone
    —— (+/-)-(3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C12H14O3
    (+/-)-(3R,4R)-3-ethyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R*,1'R*'2'R*)-4-(1,2-Dioxy-1-methyl-4-phenylbutyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone —— C15H20O4
    (4R*,1'R*'2'R*)-4-(1,2-Dioxy-1-methyl-4-phenylbutyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (4R)-4({[2S-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl]imino}methyl)tetrahydro-2H-2-furanone —— C11H18N2O3
    (4R)-4({[2S-(methoxymethyl)tetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl]imino}methyl)tetrahydro-2H-2-furanone
    —— (4RS)-4-{[(R)-N-α-methylbenzylamino](thiocarbonyl)thio}-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C13H15NO2S2
    (4RS)-4-{[(R)-N-α-methylbenzylamino](thiocarbonyl)thio}-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 3-<3'-(N-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-S-phenylsulfonimidoyl)-2'-propenyl>-5-oxacyclopentan-2-one —— C29H33NO3SSi
    3-<3'-(N-t-butyldiphenylsilyl-S-phenylsulfonimidoyl)-2'-propenyl>-5-oxacyclopentan-2-one
    —— 4-ethoxy(thiocarbonyl)thio-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C7H10O3S2
    4-ethoxy(thiocarbonyl)thio-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— rac-3-[1-diethylaminoethyl]-butyrolactone —— C10H19NO2
    rac-3-[1-diethylaminoethyl]-butyrolactone
    —— 4-methyl(thiocarbonyl)thio-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H8O2S2
    4-methyl(thiocarbonyl)thio-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-[(2-amino-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)(thiocarbonyl)thio]-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C10H13NO2S2
    4-[(2-amino-1-cyclopenten-1-yl)(thiocarbonyl)thio]-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-{[2-(N-methylamino)-1-cyclopenten-1-yl](thiocarbonyl)thio}-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C11H15NO2S2
    4-{[2-(N-methylamino)-1-cyclopenten-1-yl](thiocarbonyl)thio}-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 4-acetylthio-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C6H8O3S
    4-acetylthio-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— γ-butyrolactone-3-yl methacrylate —— C8H10O4
    γ-butyrolactone-3-yl methacrylate
    —— 6-butyltetrahydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one —— C13H22O2
    6-butyltetrahydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (E)-5-butyl-2'-oxotetrahydro-[2,3']-bifuranylidene —— C12H18O3
    (E)-5-butyl-2'-oxotetrahydro-[2,3']-bifuranylidene
    —— 5-bromo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-6-trichloromethyl-2H-pyran-2-one —— C8H10BrCl3O2
    5-bromo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4,4-dimethyl-6-trichloromethyl-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H10O3
    4-hydroxy-4-phenyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one —— C13H18O4
    (1S,4S,5R)-5-methyl-4-pivaloyloxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-6-en-2-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one —— C7H10O3
    (1S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxymethyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one
    —— (1R*,2S*,3R*,4R*)-3,4-dichlorocyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride —— C6H4Cl2O3
    (1R*,2S*,3R*,4R*)-3,4-dichlorocyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
    —— 3,4-dichlorocyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride —— C6H4Cl2O3
    3,4-dichlorocyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
    —— α-methyl-β-ethyl-γ-methyl-γ-phenylvalerolactone —— C15H20O2
    α-methyl-β-ethyl-γ-methyl-γ-phenylvalerolactone
    —— (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl 2,2-dichloroacetate —— C17H20Cl2O4
    (3aS,9R,9aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl 2,2-dichloroacetate
    —— 4-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one —— C10H18O2
    4-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]oxetan-2-one —— C11H22O3Si
    (R)-4-[2-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)ethyl]oxetan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-4-(2-tert-butyldimethylsiloxyethyl)oxetan-2-one —— C11H22O3Si
    (+/-)-4-(2-tert-butyldimethylsiloxyethyl)oxetan-2-one
    —— rac-(3R,4R)-4-(2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one —— C12H24O3Si
    rac-(3R,4R)-4-(2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3R,4R)-trans-3-Methyl-4-propyloxetan-2-one —— C7H12O2
    (3R,4R)-trans-3-Methyl-4-propyloxetan-2-one
    —— α-(1'-chloroethylidene)-β-(chloromethyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C7H8Cl2O2
    α-(1'-chloroethylidene)-β-(chloromethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-Dimethylbutyryloxy)-6(S)-propylaminocarbonyl-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C28H43NO6
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2,2-Dimethylbutyryloxy)-6(S)-propylaminocarbonyl-2(S)-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (4R*,5R*)-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4-methyl-4,5-dibutyltetrahydrofuran —— C14H24O2
    (4R*,5R*)-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4-methyl-4,5-dibutyltetrahydrofuran
    —— (4R*,5R*)-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4-methyl-4-butyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)tetrahydrofuran —— C14H24O2
    (4R*,5R*)-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4-methyl-4-butyl-5-(2-methylpropyl)tetrahydrofuran
    —— (3R,4S)-4-isobutyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one —— C8H14O2
    (3R,4S)-4-isobutyl-3-methyloxetan-2-one
    —— (1S, 4S, 5R)-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-oxocyclohexan-1,5-carbolactone —— C19H36O5Si2
    (1S, 4S, 5R)-1,4-di(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-oxocyclohexan-1,5-carbolactone
    —— trans-4-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H18O2
    trans-4-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— cis-4-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H18O2
    cis-4-methyl-5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2S,3S)-2-benzyl-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H12O3
    (2S,3S)-2-benzyl-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 2,2-difluoroglutaric anhydride 79361-03-8 C5H4F2O3
    2,2-difluoroglutaric anhydride
    —— (R)-pantolactone 2-O-diazoacetate —— C8H10N2O4
    (R)-pantolactone 2-O-diazoacetate
    —— 4-trifluoromethyl-2-methylene-γ-butyrolactone —— C6H5F3O2
    4-trifluoromethyl-2-methylene-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-(bromomethyl)-5-(methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H9BrO2
    5-(bromomethyl)-5-(methyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3SR,4RS,5RS)-3,4-dimethyl-5-[(1RS)-1-methylprop-2-enyl]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H16O2
    (3SR,4RS,5RS)-3,4-dimethyl-5-[(1RS)-1-methylprop-2-enyl]-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (E)-5-bromomethyl-2'-oxotetrahydro-[2,3']-bifuranylidene —— C9H11BrO3
    (E)-5-bromomethyl-2'-oxotetrahydro-[2,3']-bifuranylidene
    —— (E)-5-bromomethyl-5'-ethyl-2'-oxotetrahydro-[2,3']-bifuranylidene —— C11H15BrO3
    (E)-5-bromomethyl-5'-ethyl-2'-oxotetrahydro-[2,3']-bifuranylidene
    —— 3-methyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C7H10O2
    3-methyl-4-vinyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— maleic anhydride-gamma butyrolactone —— C4H2O3*C4H6O2
    maleic anhydride-gamma butyrolactone
    —— 3,3-dibenzyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C18H18O2
    3,3-dibenzyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one