内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | γ-Lacton-1-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-2-methoxycarbonyl-cyclopropan-carbonsaeure-(2) | 13353-14-5 | C8H10O4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,5S,6S,7R,8S)-8-methoxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-yl ester | 142129-47-3 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | α-Allyl-α-carbamoyl-γ-valerolacton | 39695-85-7 | C9H13NO3 |
| —— | (3R,5S,6R)-5-Methoxy-6-((1S,3R)-1-methoxy-3-methyl-4-triisopropylsilanyloxy-butyl)-3-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 126789-30-8 | C22H44O5Si |
| —— | Acetoxylambicin | 24548-60-5 | C20H26O8 |
| —— | (3aS,5aR,6aR,7aS,7bS,7cR)-7a-(2-Furan-3-yl-ethyl)-3a,6a,7b-trimethyl-decahydro-5,7-dioxa-cyclopropa[e]acenaphthylen-4-one | 26549-01-9 | C20H26O4 |
| —— | 4-(22-methoxy-docosylidene)-3-(21-methoxy-heneicosyl)-oxetan-2-one | 41624-83-3 | C48H92O4 |
| —— | 1,4-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-5-one | 92747-29-0 | C9H14O3 |
| —— | tert-butyl (1R,2S,4S,5S)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-ylcarbamate | 865689-25-4 | C12H18INO4 |
| —— | 1020850-90-1 | C14H16O3 | |
| —— | 933451-24-2 | C8H14O4 | |
| —— | 12-Brom-11,12-dihydro-isoisabelin | 24462-26-8 | C15H17BrO4 |
| —— | (3aR,5aS,10bS,10cS)-3a,10b-Dimethyl-4,9-dioxo-2,3,3a,4,5a,6,6a,7,8,9,10b,10c-dodecahydro-1H-5-oxa-acephenanthrylene-8-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 36803-47-1 | C20H26O5 |
| —— | Acetic acid (3aS,6aR,9S,9aS,9bR)-6a-hydroxy-6,9a-dimethyl-3-methylene-2-oxo-2,3,3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-decahydro-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-9-yl ester | 25383-38-4 | C17H22O5 |
| —— | (2,8-Dioxo-10-phenyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-6-yl)-acetic acid methyl ester | 51281-76-6 | C18H20O5 |
| —— | (3S,5S,6S)-6-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 74231-24-6 | C15H30O3Si |
| —— | α-Thiofuroyl-γ-butyrolacton | 26732-63-8 | C9H8O3S |
| —— | (S)-5-(2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl)-4,4-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 99572-21-1 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | 6-(bromomethyl)-4-isopropyl-6-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1433223-56-3 | C15H19BrO2 |
| —— | 1221896-30-5 | C7H10O2 | |
| —— | 5-(2-Chloro-3-methyl-but-3-enyl)-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 74133-33-8 | C10H15ClO2 |
| —— | Deethyldehydrolymesolid | 25062-33-3 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | (1S,3R,6S,7R)-5-Oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]nonane-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 25255-69-0 | C11H14O4 |
| —— | (E)-4-ethylidene-ε-caprolactone | 1422253-45-9 | C8H12O2 |
| —— | 3-Methyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.6]undecane-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 32980-35-1 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 78073-84-4 | C16H20O5 | |
| —— | (S)-5-(bromomethyl)-5-cyclohexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1254701-82-0 | C11H17BrO2 |
| —— | (4RS,6RS)-4-hydroxy-6-isopropyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 113778-38-4 | C8H14O3 |
| —— | (3S,4S,5R)-4-[1,3]Dioxolan-2-ylmethyl-3,5-dimethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 32013-05-1 | C10H16O4 |
| —— | (1S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxaspiro[3.6]decan-3-one | 1196870-21-9 | C15H17ClO2 |
| —— | 3-((1R,4aS,8aR)-1-Hydroxy-decahydro-naphthalen-1-yl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 21690-24-4 | C14H22O3 |
| —— | 2-Oxo-3-phenyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.6]undecane-4-carboxylic acid | 32980-42-0 | C17H20O4 |
| —— | (2R,3S,4R,2'R,3'R)-3,4,3'-Trihydroxy-tetrahydro-[2,2']bifuranyl-5,5'-dione | 27766-66-1 | C8H10O7 |
| —— | 1141494-10-1 | C33H46O5Si2 | |
| —— | 4-ethyl-5-oxo-4-phenyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide | 100718-42-1 | C14H17NO3 |
| —— | Tetrahydrohydroxybalchanolid | 30864-70-1 | C15H26O4 |
| —— | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-[8-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5,5,6,6,7,7-hexadeuterio-3-oxooctyl]-5-hydroxy-3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 1352751-98-4 | C21H38O5Si |
| —— | ethyl (-)-(4R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-oxo-6-pentyl-2H-1,3-oxazine-4-acetate | 524011-08-3 | C13H23NO4 |
| —— | 2-((<i>E</i>)-1-methyl-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)-pentanedioic acid anhydride | 39846-17-8 | C11H11NO3 |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-5-methyl-4-phenylhexansaeure-lacton | 19174-22-2 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | (2aS,5aS,7R,8aR,8bR)-6-[2-Bromo-eth-(E)-ylidene]-2a,5a,7-trimethyl-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-2-one | 20149-19-3 | C16H23BrO2 |
| —— | Hexahydrovernolepin-isobutyrat | 21871-12-5 | C19H28O6 |
| —— | Deoxyeurycomol | 23042-63-9 | C19H24O3 |
| —— | [(S)-3-methyl-1-(5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-pent-4-enyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 852878-79-6 | C15H25NO4 |
| —— | (1R,3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-methylene-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 564476-50-2 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | 4-Butyl-3-[1-phenyl-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 108071-27-8 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | (1aR,1bR,4aS,5aS)-1,1-Difluoro-1a-((E)-3-oxo-oct-1-enyl)-hexahydro-4-oxa-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-3-one | 52745-45-6 | C16H20F2O3 |
| —— | 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-en-3-one,4,6-dimethyl-5-(3-methyl-7-oxo-1,3-octadienyl)-, (E,Z)- | 88661-76-1 | C18H24O3 |
| —— | (1S,4S,8S,9R)-7,7-Dimethyl-2-oxa-tricyclo[6.2.1.0<sup>4,9</sup>]undecan-3-one | 32640-69-0 | C12H18O2 |
| —— | (S)-((1E,3E)-1-Penta-1,3-dienyl)-5-oxa-spiro[2.4]heptan-4-one | 40587-53-9 | C11H14O2 |
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