内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1R,2R,5R)-7-氧代-6-氧杂双环[3,2,1]辛烷-2-羧酸甲酯 | (1R,2R,5R)-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3,2,1]octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 1265882-89-0 | C9H12O4 |
| (1R)-野菊花醇丙酮 | (1R,3S)-Dihydrochrysanthemolactone | 14087-70-8 | C10H16O2 |
| (1R)-2-氧代-3-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷-1-羧酸 | (1R,6R)-1-Carboxy-3-oxabicyclo<4.1.0>-2-heptanone | 161111-13-3 | C7H8O4 |
| (1R)-(+)-莰烷酸 | (+)-camphanic acid | 67111-66-4 | C10H14O4 |
| (17β)-17-乙炔基-17-羟基雌-4-烯-3-酮-(17beta)-17-乙炔基-3-甲氧基雌-1,3,5(10)-三烯-17-醇(1:1) | tetrahydro-4-isopropyl-5-oxofuran-2-carboxylic acid | 325740-59-8 | C8H12O4 |
| (1-甲基-4-羟基-5-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-2-环戊烯基)乙酸内酯 | (1-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-2-cyclopentenyl)acetic acid lactone | 102422-18-4 | C14H24O3Si |
| (1-甲基-2-((叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)-3-碘-4-羟基环戊基)乙酸内酯 | (1-methyl-2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-3-iodo-4-hydroxycyclopentyl)acetic acid lactone | 102422-15-1 | C14H25IO3Si |
| (1,2-二甲代烯丙基)二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮 | (1,2-Dimethylallyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 94247-97-9 | C9H14O2 |
| (1'R-(1'alpha,4'aalpha,6'abeta,7'alpha,9'aS*))-4',4'a,6'a,7'-四氢-7',8'-二甲基-2'-氧代-螺(环氧乙烷-2,1'(2H)-二并环戊烯并(1,6a-c)吡喃)-5'-羧酸 | Arenemycine | 31501-48-1 | C15H16O5 |
| (-)-母菊素 | matricin | 29041-35-8 | C17H22O5 |
| (-)-棘孢链菌素 | 4-Hydroxy-3-oxo-2,11-dioxatricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undeca-5,9-diene-10-carboxamide | 79127-35-8 | C10H9NO5 |
| (-)-反式威士忌内酯 | trans-5-n-butyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 105119-22-0 | C9H16O2 |
| (-)-4-乙酰氧基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-7-酮 | (+/-)-(1R,4S,5S)-4-acetoxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one | 83693-65-6 | C9H10O4 |
| (-)-(R)-5-三氟甲基二氢呋喃-2-酮 | (-)-(R)-5-trifluoromethyldihydrofuran-2-one | 108211-37-6 | C5H5F3O2 |
| (-)-(3S)-3-{[叔-丁基(二甲基)硅烷基]氧基}二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮 | (3S)-3-[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyloxy]-oxolan-2-one | 164264-14-6 | C10H20O3Si |
| (+)-头孢菌素C | cephalosporolide C | 97344-02-0 | C10H16O5 |
| (+)-反式威士忌内酯 | (+)-trans-whisky lactone | 80041-01-6 | C9H16O2 |
| (+)-原苔甾酸 | protolichesterinic acid | 493-46-9 | C19H32O4 |
| (+)-(6R)-四氢-6-十一烷基-2H-吡喃-2-酮 | (R)-5-hexadecanolide | 59812-96-3 | C16H30O2 |
| —— | 3,4-Dimethyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 29360-83-6 | C8H12O4 |
| —— | (2aR,5aS,8aS,8bR)-2a,5a-Dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-7-(3-oxo-butyl)-decahydro-naphtho[1,8-bc]furan-7-carbaldehyde | 36807-65-5 | C18H24O5 |
| —— | 1228243-16-0 | C24H29NO5 | |
| —— | Lacton of 4α-Thiocyanato-10β-hydroxy-2β-(methoxycarbonyl)-(9αH)-decalin-1β-dicarbonylic acid | 28052-18-8 | C14H17NO4S |
| —— | (R)-4-((3S,5R)-3,5-Dimethyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 145105-27-7 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | (1S,7R,8S,10S)-12-Oxo-10-thiocyanato-11-oxa-tricyclo[5.3.2.0<sup>1,6</sup>]dodecane-8-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 28052-18-8 | C14H17NO4S |
| —— | α-Pelargonyl-γ-butyrolacton | 23935-55-9 | C13H22O3 |
| —— | cis-4,4,8,8-Tetramethyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3,7-dion | 40060-50-2 | C10H14O4 |
| —— | 2-Aethyl-3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrolacton | 35594-13-9 | C7H12O3 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[2.4]heptan-7-one | 98011-15-5 | C7H10O3 |
| —— | 3-Butyl-6-methyl-6-n-pentyltetrahydropyran-2-on | 26735-25-1 | C15H28O2 |
| —— | α-Cyano-δ-ethyl-δ-methyl-δ-valerolacton | 28525-64-6 | C9H13NO2 |
| —— | trans-5-allyl-4,5-dihydro-3,4,4-trimethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 121756-30-7 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | (4R,5R)-4-acetoxy-5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-tetrahydro-2-furanone | 124909-77-9 | C9H12O6 |
| —— | 6-Phenyl-oxocane-2,4-dione | 129199-67-3 | C13H14O3 |
| —— | 3-Butyl-6-n-hexyl-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-on | 26735-27-3 | C16H30O2 |
| —— | 5-bromoacetyl-3-ethyl-5-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 35359-80-9 | C9H13BrO3 |
| —— | 11,13-Dibrompulchellin | 28315-31-3 | C15H22Br2O4 |
| —— | 5(S)-[1(R)-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-phenylethyl]-3(R)-(cyclopropylmethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 155295-70-8 | C22H34O3Si |
| —— | 3,5,8,3',5',8'-Hexamethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a,3'a,4',5',6',7',8',9',9'a-hexadecahydro-3H,3'H-[6,7']bi[azuleno[6,5-b]furanyl]-2,2'-dione | 34027-77-5 | C30H42O4 |
| —— | 5-(2-Bromo-acetyl)-3-isobutyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 35359-76-3 | C14H21BrO5 |
| —— | ethyl trans,trans-tetrahydro-2-octyl-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-oxo-3-furanacetate | 73368-26-0 | C19H32O6 |
| —— | 2-<5-chloropentanoyl>butyrolactone | 99054-10-1 | C9H13ClO3 |
| —— | 2-β-Cyanoethyl-3,3,4-trimethyl-4-carbomethoxy-γ-butyrolacton | 38342-71-1 | C12H17NO4 |
| —— | 4,5-Dimethyl-1-propyl-3,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione | 29739-40-0 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | (4S,5S,6S)-(E)-9-<(benzyloxy)methoxy>-4,6-dimethyl-7-nonen-5-olide | 103563-42-4 | C19H26O4 |
| —— | (4R,6R)-4-[2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-ethyl]-6-((R)-1-methyl-allyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 353521-13-8 | C17H32O3Si |
| —— | 4-hydroxy-5-(iodomethyl)-3,3,5-trimethyloxolan-2-one | 86335-99-1 | C8H13IO3 |
| —— | exo-6-(3-t-butyldimethylsilyloxyoct-1-enyl)-2-oxabicyclo<3.3.0>octan-3-one | 78507-24-1 | C21H38O3Si |
| —— | 3-Allyl-5-methyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid (acetylamino-methyl)-amide | 39695-87-9 | C12H18N2O4 |
| —— | 1-Ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-3,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione | 29739-39-7 | C10H14O4 |
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