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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R,4S)-2-(E)-bromomethylene-3-bromomethyl-4-pentyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H16Br2O2
    (3R,4S)-2-(E)-bromomethylene-3-bromomethyl-4-pentyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— methyl (-)-(2S,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl (-)-(2S,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate
    —— (+)-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    (+)-(2R,3S)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylic acid
    —— methyl (-)-(2S,3R)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl (-)-(2S,3R)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-3-furancarboxylate
    —— (3R,4R,5R)-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-((1'S)-1'-hydroxyethyl)furan-2(3H)-one —— C6H10O5
    (3R,4R,5R)-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-((1'S)-1'-hydroxyethyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-acetamido-5-(2-methylpropyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone —— C10H17NO3
    (4S,5R)-4-acetamido-5-(2-methylpropyl)tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— dihydro-4-acetoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C8H12O4
    dihydro-4-acetoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-(azidomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C6H9N3O2
    6-(azidomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-[(4-phenylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)methylene]-2(3H)-furanone —— C17H18O2
    (3E)-3-[(4-phenylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)methylene]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C12H14O3
    6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— (E)-4-(pent-1-enyl)-3-phenyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone —— C16H18O2
    (E)-4-(pent-1-enyl)-3-phenyl-2-methylenebutyrolactone
    —— 5-(4-hydroxyhexyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H18O3
    5-(4-hydroxyhexyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-bromo-4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one —— C5H7BrO2
    3-bromo-4,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one
    —— (3E)-3-(2-cyclohexylideneethylidene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C12H16O2
    (3E)-3-(2-cyclohexylideneethylidene)dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— cis-6-(Iodomethyl)-2-tert-butylhexanolide —— C11H19IO2
    cis-6-(Iodomethyl)-2-tert-butylhexanolide
    —— trans-6-(Iodomethyl)-2-tert-butylhexanolide —— C11H19IO2
    trans-6-(Iodomethyl)-2-tert-butylhexanolide
    —— tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-phenyl-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester —— C12H12O4
    tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-phenyl-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— cis-4-iodomethyl-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C10H17IO2
    cis-4-iodomethyl-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— trans-4-iodomethyl-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C10H17IO2
    trans-4-iodomethyl-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C10H16O3
    4,4-dimethyl-6-(2-oxopropyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (E)-3-iodomethylene-4-(4'-chlorooctafluorobutylmethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone —— C10H6ClF8IO2
    (E)-3-iodomethylene-4-(4'-chlorooctafluorobutylmethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuranone
    —— (E)-3-(1'-iodononylidene)-4-(4'-chlorooctafluorobutylmethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuran-one —— C18H22ClF8IO2
    (E)-3-(1'-iodononylidene)-4-(4'-chlorooctafluorobutylmethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuran-one
    —— (+/-)-methyl 2-(5-heptyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acrylate —— C15H24O4
    (+/-)-methyl 2-(5-heptyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acrylate
    —— 5-hexyl-4-methyl-6-(trimethylsilyl)-5-hexen-4-olide —— C16H30O2Si
    5-hexyl-4-methyl-6-(trimethylsilyl)-5-hexen-4-olide
    —— (S)-2-ethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid —— C7H10O4
    (S)-2-ethyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 3-(3-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propanoic acid —— C7H10O5
    3-(3-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)propanoic acid
    —— 1D-(1,2,4,5/3(OH),6(NH))-6-N-[N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino]-1,2:3,3'-di-O-isopropylidene-6-C-(S)-6'-methoxymethoxymethyl-3,5-di-C-hydroxymethylcyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol-6'',4-lactone —— C29H47N3O13
    1D-(1,2,4,5/3(OH),6(NH))-6-N-[N,N'-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino]-1,2:3,3'-di-O-isopropylidene-6-C-(S)-6'-methoxymethoxymethyl-3,5-di-C-hydroxymethylcyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol-6'',4-lactone
    —— 1D-(1,2,4,5/3(OH),6(NH<sub>2</sub>))-6-amino-1,2:3,3'-di-O-isopropylidene-6-C-(S)-6'-methoxymethoxymethyl-3,5-di-C-hydroxymethylcyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol-6'',4-lactone —— C18H29NO9
    1D-(1,2,4,5/3(OH),6(NH<sub>2</sub>))-6-amino-1,2:3,3'-di-O-isopropylidene-6-C-(S)-6'-methoxymethoxymethyl-3,5-di-C-hydroxymethylcyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol-6'',4-lactone
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C9H14O2
    3,3-dimethyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-(Z)-chlorobutylidene-4R-chloromethyl-5R-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C14H22Cl2O2
    3-(Z)-chlorobutylidene-4R-chloromethyl-5R-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3R,4S,5S,1'R,2'R)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H20O4
    (3R,4S,5S,1'R,2'R)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (3R,4S,5R,1'S,2'R)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H20O4
    (3R,4S,5R,1'S,2'R)-4-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-methylbutyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— α-(Z)-(1'-Bromobutylidene)-β-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C9H12Br2O2
    α-(Z)-(1'-Bromobutylidene)-β-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— methyl rac-(E)-2-methyl-5-[(1S,5S,8S)-5,8-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]pent-2-enoate —— C16H24O4
    methyl rac-(E)-2-methyl-5-[(1S,5S,8S)-5,8-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]pent-2-enoate
    —— 2-carboxy-2-methyl-4-phenyl-4-butanolide —— C12H12O4
    2-carboxy-2-methyl-4-phenyl-4-butanolide
    —— 3-carboxy-3-methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one —— C11H16O4
    3-carboxy-3-methyl-1-oxaspiro<4.5>decan-2-one
    —— 5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid —— C6H8O4
    5-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid
    —— phomactin T —— C20H26O6
    phomactin T
    —— (+/-)-(3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C12H14O2
    (+/-)-(3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-phenyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 5-benzyl-5-methyl-3-<(E)-pentylidene>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C17H22O2
    5-benzyl-5-methyl-3-<(E)-pentylidene>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5-methyl-3-<(E)-pentylidene>-5-propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C13H22O2
    5-methyl-3-<(E)-pentylidene>-5-propyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-3-<(E)-pentylidene>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H18O2
    5,5-dimethyl-3-<(E)-pentylidene>dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 5,5-Dicyclohexyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C16H26O2
    5,5-Dicyclohexyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-(1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C12H14O2
    5-(1-phenylethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (+/-)-4-((<i>Z</i>)-4-cyclohexyl-butylidene)-3-(3-cyclohexyl-propyl)-oxetan-2-one —— C22H36O2
    (+/-)-4-((<i>Z</i>)-4-cyclohexyl-butylidene)-3-(3-cyclohexyl-propyl)-oxetan-2-one
    —— (4R,6R)-6-{2[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8AR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}-tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one —— C30H54O5Si2
    (4R,6R)-6-{2[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8AR)-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-6-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-8-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-naphthyl]ethyl}-tetrahydro-4-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6-(5-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-pentyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one —— C12H11ClF8O2
    6-(5-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-pentyl)-3-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one
    —— 4-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl-3-(6-methyl-heptanoyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C19H36O4Si
    4-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxymethyl-3-(6-methyl-heptanoyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid 855427-61-1 C6H8O4
    3-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid