内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-(bromomethyl)-6-cyclohexyl-4-phenyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 1433223-60-9 | C18H23BrO2 |
| —— | 141509-67-3 | C24H38O6Si | |
| —— | 3-(8-Acetoxymethyl-7-methyl-3-oxo-decahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalen-7-yl)-propionic acid | 18411-62-6 | C19H28O6 |
| —— | 1349054-32-5 | C21H44O4Si2 | |
| —— | 4,6-di-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-hexono-1,5-lactone | 79999-49-8 | C18H38O4Si2 |
| —— | 10-Methyl-1-oxa-spiro[4.5]dec-6-en-2-one | 138118-50-0 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 5,5a-dimethyl-hexahydro-1,5-methano-benzo[<i>c</i>]oxepine-3,8-dione | 54345-50-5 | C13H18O3 |
| —— | (1R,4S,9S)-5-Oxa-tricyclo[6.3.1.0<sup>4,9</sup>]dodeca-2,8(12),10-trien-6-one | 38898-52-1 | C11H10O2 |
| —— | (E)-4-bromomethylene-ε-caprolactone | 1422253-46-0 | C7H9BrO2 |
| —— | 3-Oxa-9-thiaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione | 2322694-92-6 | C9H12O3S |
| —— | α-Brom-γ-carbomethoxybutyrolacton | 41955-17-3 | C6H7BrO4 |
| —— | α-Methylen-δ-isopropyl-δ-valerolacton | 51043-41-5 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | 2-[(Z)-2-(benzyloxymethoxy)methyl-1-propenyl]-4H-oxazol-5-one | 562811-78-3 | C15H17NO4 |
| —— | Acetic acid (1S,5S,6R,7R,8S)-8-methoxy-6-methyl-3-oxo-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-7-yl ester | 142129-48-4 | C11H16O5 |
| —— | (3aR,9bS)-6,9-Dimethyl-3-methylene-3a,4,5,7,8,9b-hexahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one | 52940-11-1 | C15H18O2 |
| —— | (1R,6R,7S,11S,13R)-13-Hydroxy-6-((R)-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-6,11-dimethyl-4,8-dioxa-tricyclo[5.3.3.0<sup>1,7</sup>]tridecane-3,9-dione | 89964-80-7 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | (1R,3R,6R,7S,10R)-1,3-Dimethyl-5-oxo-4-oxa-tricyclo[4.3.1.0<sup>3,7</sup>]decane-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 42984-16-7 | C13H18O4 |
| —— | 52114-37-1 | C12H14O5 | |
| —— | (3S,3aS,5aR,9R,9aS,9bS)-2-Methoxy-3,9-dimethyl-5a-vinyl-decahydro-furo[2,3-f]isochromen-8-one | 76700-18-0 | C16H24O4 |
| —— | 52114-34-8 | C12H13BrO4 | |
| —— | 3-Butyl-3-ethyl-4-methylene-dihydro-furan-2-one | 83561-29-9 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (4S,5R,3Z)-5-prop-2-enyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-[(R)-3-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-4-methyl-pent-4-en-1-ylidene]dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one | 1552276-02-4 | C23H40O5Si |
| —— | (1R,6S)-1,5-dimethyl-4,9-dioxo-8-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane | 1352125-78-0 | C10H14O3 |
| —— | (+/-)-9-Benzyl-7-oxatricyclo<4.3.0<sup>2,9</sup>>nonan-8-on | 58400-70-7 | C15H16O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-3ξ-hydroxy-(3a<i>r</i>,9b<i>c</i>)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3<i>H</i>-naphtho[1,2-<i>b</i>]furan-2-one | 100518-95-4 | C12H12O3 |
| —— | 97462-58-3 | C16H24O3Si | |
| —— | (2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester | 1333401-34-5 | C10H16O4S |
| —— | 20086-11-7 | C19H24O6 | |
| —— | (3S,4R,5S)-3-[(R)-2-(tert-Butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-5-((R)-1-iodo-pentyl)-4-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 97249-06-4 | C19H37IO3Si |
| —— | 9-{2-[N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)aminomethyl]-6-(uracil-1-yl)morpholin-4-yl}-8,9-dioxo-7-azanonanoic acid triethylamine salt | 1647158-78-8 | C6H15N*C22H33N5O9 |
| —— | 4-octadecylsulfanyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 34289-56-0 | C22H42O2S |
| —— | (3aR,6aS)-3,3,6-Trimethyl-3,3a,4,6a-tetrahydro-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-one | 50585-68-7 | C10H14O2 |
| —— | 4-Aethylthiopentanolid-4 | 42435-76-7 | C7H12O2S |
| —— | 43161-51-9 | C15H22O4 | |
| —— | methyl 2,2-diethyl-3-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate | 1632145-66-4 | C11H18O4 |
| —— | 4-(1-Methylene-pentyl)-oxetan-2-one | 87626-06-0 | C9H14O2 |
| —— | (4S,5R,6S)-5-Iodo-4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | 104426-36-0 | C7H11IO2 |
| —— | Pantolacton-2-diethylphosphit | 94783-35-4 | C10H19O5P |
| —— | 5,6-diethyl-2-oxo-3,6-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 43014-99-9 | C12H18O4 |
| —— | 3-[2-(methoxy-oxyimino)-ethylidene]-dihydro-furan-2-one | 53143-52-5 | C7H9NO4 |
| —— | 2,3-Dimethylthiobutanolid-4 | 42435-84-7 | C6H10O2S2 |
| —— | methyl 7-(6,6-dimethyl-2,4-dioxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)-7-oxoheptanoate | 662151-98-6 | C15H22O6 |
| —— | (4S,5R)-4-(2-Hydroxy-acetyl)-5-octyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 50708-43-5 | C14H24O4 |
| —— | 4,5,6,7,10,11,12,13-Oktahydro-lankacidin C-2'-ol | 52681-51-3 | C25H43NO7 |
| —— | (S)-5-((S)-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-hydroxypentyl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-one | 1170222-78-2 | C15H30O4Si |
| —— | 3-Methyl-2,7-dioxo-4-phenethyl-1,6-dioxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 53297-06-6 | C19H22O6 |
| —— | 53140-70-8 | C12H15IO2 | |
| —— | 5-Ethoxy-4,4-diethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 43131-89-1 | C10H18O3 |
| —— | (1R,6S,7S,8S)-1-nitro-7,8-diphenyl-3-oxabicyclo[4.2.0]octan-4-one | 1378941-81-1 | C19H17NO4 |
| —— | Tetrahydrolitsenolid A1 | 38681-09-3 | C17H32O3 |
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