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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— andrographolide-8,17-α-epoxide-14α-O-iodooacetate —— C22H31IO7
    andrographolide-8,17-α-epoxide-14α-O-iodooacetate
    —— andrographolide-8,17-β-epoxide-14α-O-iodoacetate —— C22H31IO7
    andrographolide-8,17-β-epoxide-14α-O-iodoacetate
    —— andrographolide-14α-O-iodoacetate —— C22H31IO6
    andrographolide-14α-O-iodoacetate
    —— andrographolide-14α-O-chloroacetate —— C22H31ClO6
    andrographolide-14α-O-chloroacetate
    —— andrographolide-8,17-epoxide-14α-O-chloroacetate —— C22H31ClO7
    andrographolide-8,17-epoxide-14α-O-chloroacetate
    —— andrographolide-14α-O-bromoacetate —— C22H31BrO6
    andrographolide-14α-O-bromoacetate
    —— (E)-3-(2-((1S,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-oxodecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C19H28O5
    (E)-3-(2-((1S,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-2-oxodecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— andrographolide-8,17-β-epoxide-14α-O-bromoacetate —— C22H31BrO7
    andrographolide-8,17-β-epoxide-14α-O-bromoacetate
    —— (1R,4aS,5R,8aS)-5-((E)-2-((S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl)-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylene-2-oxodecahydronaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde —— C20H26O5
    (1R,4aS,5R,8aS)-5-((E)-2-((S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxodihydrofuran-3(2H)-ylidene)ethyl)-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylene-2-oxodecahydronaphthalene-1-carbaldehyde
    —— (S)-γ-[3-(2)H1]butyrolactone —— C4H6O2
    (S)-γ-[3-(2)H1]butyrolactone
    —— (R)-γ-[3-(2)H1]butyrolactone —— C4H6O2
    (R)-γ-[3-(2)H1]butyrolactone
    —— dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-(2-(diethylamino)-3-oxobutyl)furan-2(3H)-one —— C14H25NO3
    dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-4-(2-(diethylamino)-3-oxobutyl)furan-2(3H)-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C10H10O3
    (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (+/-)-(4RS,5SR)-4-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one —— C10H9ClO2
    (+/-)-(4RS,5SR)-4-chloro-4,5-dihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— simvastatin —— C25H38O5
    simvastatin
    —— 6(R)-[2-(8'(S)-hydroxy-2'(S),6'(R)-dimethyl-1',2',6',7',8',8a'(R)-hexahydronaphtyl-1'(S))ethyl]-4(R)-(dimethyltertbutylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C25H42O4Si
    6(R)-[2-(8'(S)-hydroxy-2'(S),6'(R)-dimethyl-1',2',6',7',8',8a'(R)-hexahydronaphtyl-1'(S))ethyl]-4(R)-(dimethyltertbutylsilyloxy)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C24H34O6
    6(R)-[2-[8(S)-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-2(S),6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,8a(R)-hexahydronaphthyl-1(S)]ethyl]-4(R)-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— lovastatin phenylboronate —— C30H41BO6
    lovastatin phenylboronate
    —— 4a,5-dihydro(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)monacolin —— C25H44O4Si
    4a,5-dihydro(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)monacolin
    —— 4a,5-dihydrolovastin —— C24H38O5
    4a,5-dihydrolovastin
    —— 2-Methyl-butyric Acid 8-[2-(5-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl Ester —— C31H42O5
    2-Methyl-butyric Acid 8-[2-(5-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydro-naphthalen-1-yl Ester
    —— 4-methyl-3-pent-2-enyl-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C10H16O2
    4-methyl-3-pent-2-enyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (1S,1'S,4R,4'R,5R,5'R)-4,4'-[(1R,2R)-1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)ethane-1,2-diyl]bis(3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one) —— C20H34O6Si2
    (1S,1'S,4R,4'R,5R,5'R)-4,4'-[(1R,2R)-1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)ethane-1,2-diyl]bis(3-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one)
    —— 1,4,5-oxadithiepan-2-one —— C4H6O2S2
    1,4,5-oxadithiepan-2-one
    —— D-glucurono-6,3-lactone —— C6H8O6
    D-glucurono-6,3-lactone
    —— 3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C11H12O3
    3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-phenyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— (1S,5R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one —— C11H9BrO2
    (1S,5R,6R)-6-(4-bromophenyl)-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one
    —— gorgonolide —— C15H18O4
    gorgonolide
    —— parishin A —— C15H18O4
    parishin A
    —— (3aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8(7H,9bH)-dione —— C15H16O3
    (3aS,9bS)-6,9-dimethyl-3-methylene-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,8(7H,9bH)-dione
    —— Dihydro-8-deoxytetrahydrovernolepin —— C15H22O4
    Dihydro-8-deoxytetrahydrovernolepin
    —— 2,3-epoxyhexahydro-3a,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropenyl-7a-methyl-spiro[indan-1,2'-oxirane]-4-carboxylic acid γ-lactone —— C15H18O6
    2,3-epoxyhexahydro-3a,6,7-trihydroxy-5-isopropenyl-7a-methyl-spiro[indan-1,2'-oxirane]-4-carboxylic acid γ-lactone
    —— methyl (4R,5R)-4-(3-butenyl)tetrahydro-5-methyl-2-pyrone-3-carboxylate —— C12H18O4
    methyl (4R,5R)-4-(3-butenyl)tetrahydro-5-methyl-2-pyrone-3-carboxylate
    —— 3-butyryl-6-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C15H19NO5
    3-butyryl-6-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 6-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C11H13NO4
    6-(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C6H10O3
    3-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— α-Chloracetyl-butyrolacton —— C6H7ClO3
    α-Chloracetyl-butyrolacton
    —— tetrahydro-2-trifluoromethyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester —— C7H7F3O4
    tetrahydro-2-trifluoromethyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— dihydro-5-(4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone —— C15H17NO3
    dihydro-5-(4,5-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-5-phenyl-2(3H)-furanone
    —— dihydro-5-methyl-5-(2-thiazolyl)-2(3H)-furanone —— C8H9NO2S
    dihydro-5-methyl-5-(2-thiazolyl)-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (3SR,5RS)-5-(tert-Butyl)-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbonitrile —— C10H15NO2
    (3SR,5RS)-5-(tert-Butyl)-3-methyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carbonitrile
    —— 4-hydroxy-3, 4-seco-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 3, 4 lactone —— C30H46O4
    4-hydroxy-3, 4-seco-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 3, 4 lactone
    —— 12-oxo-olean-28-methoxycarbonyl-3-oic acid ε-lactone —— C31H48O5
    12-oxo-olean-28-methoxycarbonyl-3-oic acid ε-lactone
    —— cis-5-butyl-3-chlorodihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C8H13ClO2
    cis-5-butyl-3-chlorodihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— trans-5-butyl-3-chlorodihydro-2(3H)-furanone —— C8H13ClO2
    trans-5-butyl-3-chlorodihydro-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (R)-Carnitin-Lacton —— CH3O3S*C7H14NO2
    (R)-Carnitin-Lacton
    —— 2-(5-methylthiomethyl-2-furyl)-2-hydroxy-3-keto-4-dihydroxyethylbutyrolactone —— C12H14O6S
    2-(5-methylthiomethyl-2-furyl)-2-hydroxy-3-keto-4-dihydroxyethylbutyrolactone
    —— 2-(3-Ketobutyl)-2-Hydroxy-3-Keto-4-Dihydroxyethyl Butyrolactone —— C10H14O6
    2-(3-Ketobutyl)-2-Hydroxy-3-Keto-4-Dihydroxyethyl Butyrolactone
    —— L-dehydroascorbic acid —— C6H10O6
    L-dehydroascorbic acid
    —— + très peu de la macro lactone —— C24H38O3Se
    + très peu de la macro lactone