摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词
历史搜索
    热门化合物HOT
    • 喹啉
    • 水杨醛
    • 二溴甲烷
    • 谷胱甘肽
    • L-乳酸
    • 苯巴比妥
    • 辣椒碱
    • 非那明
    • 百草枯
    • 联苯烯
    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3S)-3-octylbutano-4-lactone —— C12H22O2
    (3S)-3-octylbutano-4-lactone
    —— (3R)-3-octylbutano-4-lactone —— C12H22O2
    (3R)-3-octylbutano-4-lactone
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-5-chloropentyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H11ClF8O2
    2,2-dimethyl-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-5-chloropentyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-5-chloropentyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H11ClF8O2
    3,3-dimethyl-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-5-chloropentyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (E)-3-(1'-iodoethylidene)-4-(4'-chlorooctafluorobutylmethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuran-one —— C11H8ClF8IO2
    (E)-3-(1'-iodoethylidene)-4-(4'-chlorooctafluorobutylmethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuran-one
    —— (E)-3-(1'-iodoethylidene)-4-(8'-chlorohexadecafluorooctylmethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuran-one —— C15H8ClF16IO2
    (E)-3-(1'-iodoethylidene)-4-(8'-chlorohexadecafluorooctylmethyl)-2(3H)-dihydrofuran-one
    —— 3,3-dimethyl-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluoro-9-chlorononyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C15H11ClF16O2
    3,3-dimethyl-4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluoro-9-chlorononyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (-)-(5R)-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C11H18O3
    (-)-(5R)-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (R)-(-)-5-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Hydrobromid —— BrH*C7H13NO2
    (R)-(-)-5-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Hydrobromid
    —— (R)-(-)-5-Methylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Hydrobromid —— BrH*C6H11NO2
    (R)-(-)-5-Methylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Hydrobromid
    —— (R)-(-)-5-Aminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Hydrobromid —— BrH*C5H9NO2
    (R)-(-)-5-Aminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Hydrobromid
    —— (R)-(-)-5-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Methobromid —— Br*C8H16NO2
    (R)-(-)-5-Dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanon-Methobromid
    —— (2a'R,5aS)-tert-butyl 4-bromo-5a-methyl-2,3-dioxo-2,2a,2a',2b,3,5a-hexahydrocyclopropa[cd]benzofuran-2a-carboxylate —— C14H15BrO5
    (2a'R,5aS)-tert-butyl 4-bromo-5a-methyl-2,3-dioxo-2,2a,2a',2b,3,5a-hexahydrocyclopropa[cd]benzofuran-2a-carboxylate
    —— cis-6-(Iodomethyl)-2-cyclohexylhexanolide —— C13H21IO2
    cis-6-(Iodomethyl)-2-cyclohexylhexanolide
    —— trans-6-(Iodomethyl)-2-cyclohexylhexanolide —— C13H21IO2
    trans-6-(Iodomethyl)-2-cyclohexylhexanolide
    —— 5,5-diallyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one —— C15H18O2
    5,5-diallyl-4-oxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]dec-8-en-3-one
    —— methyl 6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate —— C7H10O4
    methyl 6-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-carboxylate
    —— β-Fluoro-γ-butyrolactone —— C4H5FO2
    β-Fluoro-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-3-one —— C8H12O3
    (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-3-one
    —— (R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-3-one —— C8H12O3
    (R)-4-hydroxy-2-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonan-3-one
    —— (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one —— C9H14O3
    (S)-4-hydroxy-2-oxa-spiro[4.5]decan-3-one
    —— (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-octyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one —— C12H22O3
    (4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-octyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (5S)-3-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-octyl-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C18H32O2S
    (5S)-3-cyclohexylsulfanyl-5-octyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (3R,4S,3S',4'R)-4,5,5,4',5',5'-hexamethyltetrahydro-[3,3']bifuranyl-2,2'(3H,3'H)-dione —— C14H22O4
    (3R,4S,3S',4'R)-4,5,5,4',5',5'-hexamethyltetrahydro-[3,3']bifuranyl-2,2'(3H,3'H)-dione
    —— (R,E)-6-(undec-1-en-1yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C16H28O2
    (R,E)-6-(undec-1-en-1yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-3-isopropyl-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (R)-3-isopropyl-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (R)-3-benzyl-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C14H18O2
    (R)-3-benzyl-6,6-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— D-Glycero-D-ido-heptanoic acid —— C7H12O7
    D-Glycero-D-ido-heptanoic acid
    —— 7-methyleneoxepan-2-one —— C7H10O2
    7-methyleneoxepan-2-one
    —— 5,5'-diethyl-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuryliden-2'-one —— C12H18O3
    5,5'-diethyl-tetrahydro-[2,3']bifuryliden-2'-one
    —— 3-benzyl-5-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    3-benzyl-5-ethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— 2-benzylidene-5-hexanolide —— C13H14O2
    2-benzylidene-5-hexanolide
    —— 2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>-6-heptene —— C6H6O2
    2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>-6-heptene
    —— salinilactone D —— C8H10O3
    salinilactone D
    —— (E)-3-(but-1-ylidene)-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C10H16O2
    (E)-3-(but-1-ylidene)-6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 2,2-dimethyl-5-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C7H11BrO2
    2,2-dimethyl-5-(bromomethyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4S,5S)-(-)-α,α-difuoroeldanolide —— C10H14F2O2
    (4S,5S)-(-)-α,α-difuoroeldanolide
    —— (3R*,4S*)-2,2-difluoro-7,3-dimethyl-6-octen-4-olide —— C10H14F2O2
    (3R*,4S*)-2,2-difluoro-7,3-dimethyl-6-octen-4-olide
    —— 3,3-Dimethyl-4,4-dipropyl-2-oxetanone —— C11H20O2
    3,3-Dimethyl-4,4-dipropyl-2-oxetanone
    —— rac-(3S,4R)-4-methyl-3-propyloxetan-2-one —— C7H12O2
    rac-(3S,4R)-4-methyl-3-propyloxetan-2-one
    —— 5-(dimethoxymethyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C8H14O4
    5-(dimethoxymethyl)-5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 6-allyl-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C9H14O2
    6-allyl-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3,5,5-trimethyltetronic acid —— C7H10O3
    3,5,5-trimethyltetronic acid
    —— N,N'-bis(1S,4R)-camphanoyl-(S)-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-6,12(5H,11H)-dione —— C34H34N2O8
    N,N'-bis(1S,4R)-camphanoyl-(S)-dibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine-6,12(5H,11H)-dione
    —— 4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoroheptyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C11H7F13O2
    4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-tridecafluoroheptyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-[(4-trimethylsilylphenylselenyl)methyl]-3H-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C14H20O2SeSi
    5-[(4-trimethylsilylphenylselenyl)methyl]-3H-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluoro-9-chlorononyl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C13H7ClF16O2
    4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluoro-9-chlorononyl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 5-(4-butylbenzyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C15H20O2
    5-(4-butylbenzyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5-(7-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoro-heptyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C11H7ClF12O2
    5-(7-chloro-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoro-heptyl)-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 5,5-di-tert-butyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C12H22O2
    5,5-di-tert-butyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-one