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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— litseadioxanin B —— C19H30O5
    litseadioxanin B
    —— 3-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)-4-isopropyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C15H20O3
    3-(hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)-4-isopropyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 1-methyl-3,5-dioxo-4-oxa-9-thiatricyclo<5.3.0.0<sup>2,6</sup>>decane 9,9-dioxide —— C9H10O5S
    1-methyl-3,5-dioxo-4-oxa-9-thiatricyclo<5.3.0.0<sup>2,6</sup>>decane 9,9-dioxide
    —— (4R,5S)-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)-5-((S)-2,2,3,3,9,9,10,10-octamethyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecan-5-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C25H50O4Si2
    (4R,5S)-4-(3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)-5-((S)-2,2,3,3,9,9,10,10-octamethyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecan-5-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-di-n-propyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C10H18O3
    (S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-di-n-propyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— 4,4-diethyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C8H14O3
    4,4-diethyl-3-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 2-methyl-4-(2-pentyl)butyrolactone —— C10H18O2
    2-methyl-4-(2-pentyl)butyrolactone
    —— 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoropentofuranos-1-ulose —— C5H6F2O4
    2-deoxy-2,2-difluoropentofuranos-1-ulose
    —— (4RS,5SR)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-3-methylene-5-nonyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C17H30O2
    (4RS,5SR)-4-ethyl-4-methyl-3-methylene-5-nonyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-3-methylene-5-nonyldihydrofuran-2-one —— C16H28O2
    4,4-dimethyl-3-methylene-5-nonyldihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 11-hydroxy-12-isobutylsulphanyl-3-isobutylsulphanylmethyl-8-methyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione —— C23H34O6S2
    11-hydroxy-12-isobutylsulphanyl-3-isobutylsulphanylmethyl-8-methyl-5,9,15-trioxatetracyclo[11.2.1.02,6.08,10]hexadec-13(16)-ene-4,14-dione
    —— cis-6-tert-butyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one —— C10H18O2
    cis-6-tert-butyl-5-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one
    —— (5RS,6SR)-6-phenyl-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one —— C12H14O2
    (5RS,6SR)-6-phenyl-5-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— 2-Ethyliden-6-octen-5-olid —— C10H14O2
    2-Ethyliden-6-octen-5-olid
    —— trans-4-(1-Methylethyl)-3-<<(1-methylethyl)thio>methyl>-1-oxetan-2-one —— C10H18O2S
    trans-4-(1-Methylethyl)-3-<<(1-methylethyl)thio>methyl>-1-oxetan-2-one
    —— 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-4-acetohydrazide —— C8H14N2O3
    5,5-dimethyl-2-oxotetrahydrofuran-4-acetohydrazide
    —— mikanolide —— C15H14O6
    mikanolide
    —— methyl (1RS,2RS,3SR,7RS,8RS,12SR)-1-bromomethyl-14-oxa-13-oxotetracyclo[5.5.2.0<sup>3,7</sup>.0<sup>8,12</sup>]-tetradecane-2-carboxylate —— C16H21BrO4
    methyl (1RS,2RS,3SR,7RS,8RS,12SR)-1-bromomethyl-14-oxa-13-oxotetracyclo[5.5.2.0<sup>3,7</sup>.0<sup>8,12</sup>]-tetradecane-2-carboxylate
    —— 3-hydroxy-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one —— C9H14O3
    3-hydroxy-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— 3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one —— C12H18O2
    3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-phenylhexanoic lactone —— C13H16O2
    4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-phenylhexanoic lactone
    —— (4R*,5R*,1'R*)-Tetrahydro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-4,5-dimethyl-2-furanone —— C15H20O3
    (4R*,5R*,1'R*)-Tetrahydro-5-(1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropyl)-4,5-dimethyl-2-furanone
    —— 5-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C11H18O2
    5-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
    —— (2H)-3-[(3-pyridyl)-α-trimethylsilyloxymethyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one —— C14H21NO3Si
    (2H)-3-[(3-pyridyl)-α-trimethylsilyloxymethyl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2-one
    —— ethyl 2-(2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetate —— C9H14O4
    ethyl 2-(2-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetate
    —— (-)-NFX-4 —— C12H22O3
    (-)-NFX-4
    —— (-)-litsenolide D2 —— C17H30O3
    (-)-litsenolide D2
    —— 3-epilitsenolide D<sub>1</sub> —— C17H30O3
    3-epilitsenolide D<sub>1</sub>
    —— (E)-3-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acrylaldehyde —— C7H8O3
    (E)-3-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acrylaldehyde
    —— (1S,4S,5R)-4-acetyloxymethyl-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one —— C10H14O4
    (1S,4S,5R)-4-acetyloxymethyl-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (1R,4S,5S)-4-acetyloxymethyl-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one —— C10H14O4
    (1R,4S,5S)-4-acetyloxymethyl-5-methyl-3-oxabicyclo<3.2.0>heptan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-methyl 2-(5-butyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acrylate —— C12H18O4
    (+/-)-methyl 2-(5-butyl-2-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acrylate
    —— (S)-5-(oct-2-yn-1-yl)-γ-butyrolactone —— C12H18O2
    (S)-5-(oct-2-yn-1-yl)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4R,5R)-5-n-butyl-4,5-dimethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C10H18O2
    (4R,5R)-5-n-butyl-4,5-dimethyl-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,5S)-4-nitromethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2-(5H)-furanone —— C6H9NO5
    (4R,5S)-4-nitromethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2-(5H)-furanone
    —— 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3,9-dioxa-4-sila-bicyclo<5.2.1>decan-8-one —— C11H20O3Si
    4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-3,9-dioxa-4-sila-bicyclo<5.2.1>decan-8-one
    —— (3R,4S,5S)-5-tert-butyldimethylsiloxymethyl[3,4-D2]tetrahydrofuran-2-one —— C11H22O3Si
    (3R,4S,5S)-5-tert-butyldimethylsiloxymethyl[3,4-D2]tetrahydrofuran-2-one
    —— (4R,3S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(1-methylethyl)pentanoic acid γ-lactone —— C8H14O3
    (4R,3S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(1-methylethyl)pentanoic acid γ-lactone
    —— (+/-)-trans-4-methyl-2-(methylthio)-γ-butyrolactone —— C6H10O2S
    (+/-)-trans-4-methyl-2-(methylthio)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (4R)-ethyl-2-(methylthio)-γ-butyrolactone —— C6H10O2S
    (4R)-ethyl-2-(methylthio)-γ-butyrolactone
    —— (3aS,4R,6aS)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3a,6a-dimethyl-1,4-dihydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one —— C16H28O4Si
    (3aS,4R,6aS)-4-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3a,6a-dimethyl-1,4-dihydrocyclopenta[c]furan-3-one
    —— 6-(3-chlorophenyl) dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione —— C11H9ClO3
    6-(3-chlorophenyl) dihydro-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione
    —— (4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2E)-but-2-en-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C12H20O3
    (4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2E)-but-2-en-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-3,3,5-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— (1S,2R,5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-(3-bromo-4-phenylselanylbutyl)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,8-dimethyl-5-phenylselanyl-3,10-dioxatricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undecane-4,9-dione —— C33H43BrO5Se2Si
    (1S,2R,5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-(3-bromo-4-phenylselanylbutyl)-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,8-dimethyl-5-phenylselanyl-3,10-dioxatricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undecane-4,9-dione
    —— (1S,2R,5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-but-3-enyl-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,8-dimethyl-5-phenylselanyl-3,10-dioxatricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undecane-4,9-dione —— C27H38O5SeSi
    (1S,2R,5S,6R,7R,8S)-2-but-3-enyl-7-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-1,8-dimethyl-5-phenylselanyl-3,10-dioxatricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undecane-4,9-dione
    —— (-)-(3S,4R,8S)-methyl 4,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-8-[(4S)-tetrahydro-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-yl]-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane-4-carboxylate —— C16H22O6
    (-)-(3S,4R,8S)-methyl 4,8-dimethyl-7-oxo-8-[(4S)-tetrahydro-2-oxo-2H-pyran-4-yl]-1-oxaspiro[2.5]octane-4-carboxylate
    —— 3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-phenyl-5-(phenylselanylmethyl)dihydro-3H-furan-2-one —— C18H18O3Se
    3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-phenyl-5-(phenylselanylmethyl)dihydro-3H-furan-2-one
    —— (+/-)-3,4-cis-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-3-phenylselenyl-4H,5H-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C27H30O3SeSi
    (+/-)-3,4-cis-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxymethyl)-3-phenylselenyl-4H,5H-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— [3S-(3α,4β,5α)]-3-[(cyclopentyl)methyl]dihydro-5-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyloxy]methyl]-4-[(phenylmethoxy)amino]-2(3H)-furanone —— C34H43NO4Si
    [3S-(3α,4β,5α)]-3-[(cyclopentyl)methyl]dihydro-5-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyloxy]methyl]-4-[(phenylmethoxy)amino]-2(3H)-furanone
    —— 5-(ethoxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one —— C7H12O3
    5-(ethoxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one