内酯类
内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。
内酯的分类- 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
- 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
- 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
- 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
- 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
- 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
- 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
- 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
- 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。
总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | Carbonic acid tert-butyl ester (S)-1-{(R)-2-[(4S,5S)-5-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-6-oxo-[1,3]dioxan-4-yl]-2-methoxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl}-allyl ester | 653568-44-6 | C23H42O8Si |
| —— | 5-Hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-phenylpentansaeure-lacton | 20215-59-2 | C13H16O2 |
| —— | 3,8-Diethyl-10-methyl-1,6-dioxa-spiro[4.5]decane-2,7-dione | 29749-70-0 | C13H20O4 |
| —— | 4a,4b-Dimethyl-octahydro-1,8-dioxa-biphenylene-2,7-dione | 33936-60-6 | C12H16O4 |
| —— | Dehydrotetrahydroolearin | 35049-35-5 | C20H28O5 |
| —— | 2-((3aR,6aR,7S,8R,10aS)-7,8-Dimethyl-3-oxo-decahydro-2-oxa-cyclopenta[d]naphthalen-7-yl)-acetamide | 35043-73-3 | C16H25NO3 |
| —— | 4-methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-3-one | 31357-67-2 | C6H8O2 |
| —— | (1’R,5R)-5-[1’-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-2’-(tertbutyldimethylsilyloxy)ethyl]-3H,5H-furan-2-one | 1431388-81-6 | C28H42O4Si2 |
| —— | 2-hydroxytricyclo<5.4.0.0<sup>1,5</sup>>undecane-7-carboxylic acid lactone | 76379-98-1 | C12H16O2 |
| —— | 8-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-propyl)-3,3,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.4]nonane-6-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 130520-20-6 | C19H30O6 |
| —— | 2,2,5,5-Tetrachlor-4-methyl-penten-(4)-olid-(3,1) | 36038-49-0 | C6H4Cl4O2 |
| —— | γ,γ-dibenzyl-γ-butyrolactone | 2700-46-1 | C18H18O2 |
| —— | 3-Ethoxy-3a,7-dimethyl-3a,4,5,7a-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one | 37850-40-1 | C12H18O3 |
| —— | 2,2-dimethyl-5-(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione | 29537-03-9 | C8H9Cl3O5 |
| —— | 3-methyl-2-oxa-spiro[5.5]undecan-1-one | 1204190-75-9 | C11H18O2 |
| —— | (6S)-6-((4R,5R)-5-((S)-1-hydroxypentyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 900792-60-1 | C15H26O5 |
| —— | (2R,4R)-2,4,7,7-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxecane-6,10-dione | 1239919-88-0 | C12H20O4 |
| —— | 5-(1,1-Difluoro-2-iodo-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 205311-97-3 | C6H7F2IO2 |
| —— | Isoisabelin | 24462-25-7 | C15H16O4 |
| —— | 24462-37-1 | C18H26O7 | |
| —— | α-Cyano-β-isopropyl-γ-butyrolacton | 28525-72-6 | C8H11NO2 |
| —— | α-Cyano-β-ethyl-γ-butyrolacton | 28525-71-5 | C7H9NO2 |
| —— | Acetic acid 3,7,10a,10c-tetramethyl-4,6,9-trioxo-tetradecahydro-5-oxa-acephenanthrylen-2-yl ester | 23042-59-3 | C21H28O6 |
| —— | Dehydrodesmethacrylhexahydrozexbrevin | 28644-93-1 | C15H20O5 |
| —— | 11-(4-chlorophenyl)-12-oxadispiro[3.1.4.3]tridecane-5,13-dione | 1057478-62-2 | C18H19ClO3 |
| —— | 5-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-5-methyl-3-pentyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 29739-34-2 | C12H22O3 |
| —— | 3-isobutyl-5-vinyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-44-2 | C10H16O2 |
| —— | 4-dichloromethylene-3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 41878-24-4 | C9H12Cl2O2 |
| —— | 5-(1-Methoxycarbonyl-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-decahydro-naphthalen-2-yl)-4-methyl-1-oxo-octahydro-isobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 40772-13-2 | C27H42O6 |
| —— | trans-α-<1-Acetylmercapto-ethyliden>-γ-butyrolacton | 26806-18-8 | C8H10O3S |
| —— | 9-oxo-8-oxa-bicyclo[5.2.1]decane-10-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 27531-79-9 | C11H16O4 |
| —— | 3-(10-Isocyanatodecyl)-4-(11-isocyanatodecyliden)-2-oxetanon | 59513-81-4 | C26H42N2O4 |
| —— | 8-benzyl-1,5-dimethyl-6-oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-7-one | 3988-39-4 | C16H20O2 |
| —— | O-Trichloracetyl-isophotosantonsaeure-lacton | 23811-38-3 | C17H19Cl3O5 |
| —— | 4,4-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-5-hydroxyheptansaeurelacton | 30708-64-6 | C15H20O2 |
| —— | 3-Oxatricyclo<3.3.1.0<sup>2,7</sup>>nonan-4-on | 31444-30-1 | C8H10O2 |
| —— | 37609-65-7 | C9H11N3O3 | |
| —— | α-Methyl-α-(phenylseleno)-γ-butyrolactone | 72017-08-4 | C11H12O2Se |
| —— | 5-octyl-2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester | 14872-59-4 | C15H26O4 |
| —— | 3-Butyl-5-(1-chloro-ethyl)-dihydro-furan-2-one | 27927-49-7 | C10H17ClO2 |
| —— | 5,5-dichloro-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylcarbamoyloxy-4-trichloromethyl-[1,3]oxazinan-6-one | 70757-98-1 | C9H11Cl5N2O4 |
| —— | (1R,2R,4R,5S)-4-iodo-7-oxo-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 1265882-88-9 | C9H11IO4 |
| —— | 28625-23-2 | C16H25N3O3 | |
| —— | 3-Dimethylamino-3-methyl-5-phenethyl-dihydro-furan-2-one | 208048-96-8 | C15H21NO2 |
| —— | (R,S) mevalonolactone 14C-4,5 | 82896-17-1 | C6H10O3 |
| —— | Isoconchosin-A | 28625-33-4 | C15H18O5 |
| —— | 9α,13-Epoxy-13-oxo-14,15,16-tris-nor-8αH-labdan | 27854-11-1 | C17H28O2 |
| —— | (1R*,2S*,S*)-(+/-)-cis-(2-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)-α-methylacetic Acid Lactone | 108391-43-1 | C13H14O2 |
| —— | (+/-)-<1α(E),2β>-3-<2-(2-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)tehylidene>dihydro-2(3H)-furanone | 76248-76-5 | C15H24O3 |
| —— | 960322-93-4 | C20H28O4 |
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