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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 有机杂环化合物 内酯类

    内酯类

    内酯类化合物是一类含有环状结构的化合物，通常通过一个碳氧双键将两个羟基连接在一个四元、五元或六元的内环中形成。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且在有机化学、化学化工以及生物医药领域有着重要的应用价值。

    内酯的分类
    1. 按环大小划分：根据内酯环的大小，可以将其分为四元、五元和六元内酯。
    2. 按碳原子数划分：依据组成内酯的碳原子数量不同，可进一步划分为二、三、四等碳链长度不同的内酯。
    结构特征
    • 内酯结构中通常包含一个或多个环状氧基团。其独特的环状结构使得它们在水溶液中能够以开环形式存在。
    • 在生物体内，某些内酯通过酶的催化作用可实现快速转化，在药物设计和研究领域具有重要应用价值。
    应用
    1. 医药领域：许多抗生素、抗真菌药及抗癌药物都含有内酯结构。例如，四环素类抗生素就含有五元或六元内酯。
    2. 工业化学：内酯作为重要的化工原料，在合成树脂、塑料和涂料等领域有着广泛应用。
    3. 分析化学与生物传感器：利用内酯的可逆开环性质进行分析检测；通过构建特定识别分子对提高生物传感系统的特异性。
    生物活性
    • 内酯化合物通常具有一定的药理活性，如抗炎、抗菌等作用。这与其独特的空间构象和极性有关。
    • 在细胞信号传导过程中，内酯的环开裂或闭合可以影响特定蛋白质之间的相互作用。

    总之，内酯作为一种重要的化学结构单元，在多个领域发挥着不可替代的作用。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    (1'R-(1'alpha,4'aalpha,6'abeta,7'alpha,9'aS*))-4',4'a,6'a,7'-四氢-7',8'-二甲基-2'-氧代-螺(环氧乙烷-2,1'(2H)-二并环戊烯并(1,6a-c)吡喃)-5'-羧酸 Arenemycine 31501-48-1 C15H16O5
    (1'R-(1'alpha,4'aalpha,6'abeta,7'alpha,9'aS*))-4',4'a,6'a,7'-四氢-7',8'-二甲基-2'-氧代-螺(环氧乙烷-2,1'(2H)-二并环戊烯并(1,6a-c)吡喃)-5'-羧酸
    (-)-母菊素 matricin 29041-35-8 C17H22O5
    (-)-母菊素
    (-)-棘孢链菌素 4-Hydroxy-3-oxo-2,11-dioxatricyclo[5.4.0.04,8]undeca-5,9-diene-10-carboxamide 79127-35-8 C10H9NO5
    (-)-棘孢链菌素
    (-)-反式威士忌内酯 trans-5-n-butyl-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 105119-22-0 C9H16O2
    (-)-反式威士忌内酯
    (-)-4-乙酰氧基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-7-酮 (+/-)-(1R,4S,5S)-4-acetoxy-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-en-7-one 83693-65-6 C9H10O4
    (-)-4-乙酰氧基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛-2-烯-7-酮
    (-)-(R)-5-三氟甲基二氢呋喃-2-酮 (-)-(R)-5-trifluoromethyldihydrofuran-2-one 108211-37-6 C5H5F3O2
    (-)-(R)-5-三氟甲基二氢呋喃-2-酮
    (-)-(3S)-3-{[叔-丁基(二甲基)硅烷基]氧基}二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮 (3S)-3-[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyloxy]-oxolan-2-one 164264-14-6 C10H20O3Si
    (-)-(3S)-3-{[叔-丁基(二甲基)硅烷基]氧基}二氢呋喃-2(3H)-酮
    (+)-头孢菌素C cephalosporolide C 97344-02-0 C10H16O5
    (+)-头孢菌素C
    (+)-反式威士忌内酯 (+)-trans-whisky lactone 80041-01-6 C9H16O2
    (+)-反式威士忌内酯
    (+)-原苔甾酸 protolichesterinic acid 493-46-9 C19H32O4
    (+)-原苔甾酸
    (+)-(6R)-四氢-6-十一烷基-2H-吡喃-2-酮 (R)-5-hexadecanolide 59812-96-3 C16H30O2
    (+)-(6R)-四氢-6-十一烷基-2H-吡喃-2-酮
    —— rac-(Z)-5-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(tetradecanylidene)-tetrahydro-2-furanone —— C22H38O5
    rac-(Z)-5-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(tetradecanylidene)-tetrahydro-2-furanone
    —— (E)-[4-(1-nonylidene)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-2-2,3-dihydrofuryl]methyl 2-phenylacetate —— C23H32O5
    (E)-[4-(1-nonylidene)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-oxo-2-2,3-dihydrofuryl]methyl 2-phenylacetate
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(phenylmethylene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C45H50O4Si2
    (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(phenylmethylene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(3-methylbutylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one —— C43H54O4Si2
    (Z)-5,5-bis[(2,2-dimethyl-1,1-diphenyl-1-silapropoxy)methyl]-3-(3-methylbutylidene)-4,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
    —— 8-hydroxymethyl-8-methyl-6,10-dioxa-4-oxononanolide —— C10H16O5
    8-hydroxymethyl-8-methyl-6,10-dioxa-4-oxononanolide
    —— γ-valerolactone-5-d<sub>1</sub> —— C5H8O2
    γ-valerolactone-5-d<sub>1</sub>
    —— 3-methylenehexahydro-2H-cycloheptafuran-2,5(3H)-dione —— C10H12O3
    3-methylenehexahydro-2H-cycloheptafuran-2,5(3H)-dione
    —— 6,6-dimethyl-3-methylenetetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2,5(3H)-dione —— C10H12O3
    6,6-dimethyl-3-methylenetetrahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2,5(3H)-dione
    —— 5-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C6H10O3
    5-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— α-methoxycarbonyl-β-cyano-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone —— C9H11NO4
    α-methoxycarbonyl-β-cyano-γ,γ-dimethyl-γ-butyrolactone
    —— dihydro-4-<1-(trimethylstannyl)vinyl>-2(3H)-furanone —— C9H16O2Sn
    dihydro-4-<1-(trimethylstannyl)vinyl>-2(3H)-furanone
    —— (2aS<sup>*</sup>,4aS<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>,6aS<sup>*</sup>,6bS<sup>*</sup>)-2a,4a,6a,6b-tetrahydro-1-oxa-cyclopenta<cd>pentalen-2-one —— C9H8O2
    (2aS<sup>*</sup>,4aS<sup>*</sup>,6S<sup>*</sup>,6aS<sup>*</sup>,6bS<sup>*</sup>)-2a,4a,6a,6b-tetrahydro-1-oxa-cyclopenta<cd>pentalen-2-one
    —— 3-chloro-4-isobutyroyl-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-1,4,4a,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine —— C13H16ClF3N2O5S
    3-chloro-4-isobutyroyl-7,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-1-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-1,4,4a,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]pyrazine
    —— 2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.6]undecane-4-carboxylic acid —— C11H16O4
    2-oxo-1-oxa-spiro[4.6]undecane-4-carboxylic acid
    —— (1S,5S,8S)-8-methyl-8-vinyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione —— C10H12O3
    (1S,5S,8S)-8-methyl-8-vinyl-6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,7-dione
    —— 2-C-methyl-L-lyxono-1,4-lactone —— C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-L-lyxono-1,4-lactone
    —— (+)-cardiobutanolide —— C13H16O6
    (+)-cardiobutanolide
    —— (E)-3-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4-dione —— C8H6ClNO3S2
    (E)-3-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4-dione
    —— (E)-3-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)tetrahydrofuran-2,4-dione —— C6H2ClNO3S2
    (E)-3-(4-chloro-5H-1,2,3-dithiazol-5-ylidene)tetrahydrofuran-2,4-dione
    —— 6-(3-acetoxypropyl)hexano-6-lactone —— C11H18O4
    6-(3-acetoxypropyl)hexano-6-lactone
    —— 4,4-Dibutyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxetanone —— C13H24O2
    4,4-Dibutyl-3,3-dimethyl-2-oxetanone
    —— (+)-(1R,4aR,7aR)-4a-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-oxooctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-carboxylic acid —— C14H21NO6
    (+)-(1R,4aR,7aR)-4a-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-oxooctahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 5-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone —— C8H14O2
    5-ethyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone
    —— 5-heptyl-4-methyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone —— C12H22O2
    5-heptyl-4-methyl-2-tetrahydrofuranone
    —— 2-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile —— C6H7NO2
    2-(5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)acetonitrile
    —— (S)-3-methanesulfonyl hydroxybutyrolactone —— C5H8O4S
    (S)-3-methanesulfonyl hydroxybutyrolactone
    —— γ-butyrolactone-3-ylmethacrylate —— C8H10O4
    γ-butyrolactone-3-ylmethacrylate
    —— β-acryloyloxy-γ-butyrolactone —— C7H8O4
    β-acryloyloxy-γ-butyrolactone
    —— tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-furancarboxamide —— C11H11NO3
    tetrahydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-furancarboxamide
    —— 5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(furan-2-yl)-dihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one —— C15H11F3O3
    5-(trifluoromethyl)-4-(furan-2-yl)-dihydro-5-phenylfuran-2(3H)-one
    —— 3-methyl-5-phenyl-5-pentanolide —— C12H14O2
    3-methyl-5-phenyl-5-pentanolide
    —— (1SR,6RS)-methyl 9-methylene-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-1-carboxylate —— C11H14O4
    (1SR,6RS)-methyl 9-methylene-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-1-carboxylate
    —— (4R,5R)-(-)-7-oxa-5-hydroxy-4-dodecanolide —— C11H20O4
    (4R,5R)-(-)-7-oxa-5-hydroxy-4-dodecanolide
    —— 3-hydroxymethyl-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione —— C9H12O4
    3-hydroxymethyl-2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,6-dione
    —— 3-methyloxonan-2-one —— C9H16O2
    3-methyloxonan-2-one
    —— 3,5,5-Trimethyl-6-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione —— C14H15BrO3
    3,5,5-Trimethyl-6-(4-bromophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyran-2,4-dione
    —— 3,3,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one —— C9H16O2
    3,3,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one
    —— 3-(p-tolyl)oxepan-2-one —— C13H16O2
    3-(p-tolyl)oxepan-2-one
    —— α-bromo-ε-caprolactone —— C6H9BrO2
    α-bromo-ε-caprolactone