Synthesis of Malarial Plasmepsin Inhibitors and Prediction of Binding Modes by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
摘要:
A series of inhibitors of the malarial aspartic proteases Plm I and II have been synthesized with L-mannitol as precursor. These inhibitors are characterized by either a diacylhydrazine or a five-membered oxadiazole ring replacing backbone amide functionalities. Molecular dynamics simulations were applied in the design process. The computationally predicted Plm II K-i values were generally in excellent agreement with the biological results. The diacylhydrazine was found to be superior over the oxadiazole as an amide bond replacement in the Plm I and II inhibitors studied. An extensive flexibility of the S2 ' pocket was captured by the simulations predicting the binding mode of the unsymmetrical inhibitors. Plm I and II inhibitors with single digit nanomolar K-i values devoid of inhibitory activity toward human Cat D were identified. One compound, lacking amide bonds, was found to be Plm IV selective and very potent, with a K-i value of 35 nM.
C2-Symmetric inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum plasmepsin II: synthesis and theoretical predictions
摘要:
A series of C-2-symmetric compounds with a mannitol-based scaffold has been investigated, both theoretically and experimentally, as Plm II inhibitors. Four different stereoisomers with either benzyloxy or allyloxy P1/P1' side chains were studied. Computational ranking of the binding affinities of the eight compounds was carried out using the linear interaction energy (LIE) method relying on a complex previously determined by crystallography. Within both series of isomers the theoretical binding energies were in agreement with the enzymatic measurements, illustrating the power of the LIE method for the prediction of ligand affinities prior to synthesis. The structural models of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes obtained from the MD simulations provided a basis for interpretation of further structure-activity relationships. Hence, the affinity of a structurally similar ligand, but with a different P2/P2' substituent was examined using the same procedure. The predicted improvement in binding constant agreed well with experimental results. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Macrocyclic inhibitors of the malarial aspartic proteases plasmepsin I, II, and IV
作者:Karolina Ersmark、Martin Nervall、Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán、Elizabeth Hamelink、Linda K. Janka、Jose C. Clemente、Ben M. Dunn、Adolf Gogoll、Bertil Samuelsson、Johan Åqvist、Anders Hallberg
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.003
日期:2006.4
The first macrocyclic inhibitor of the Plasmodium falciparum asparticproteasesplasmepsinI, II, and IV with considerable selectivity over the human asparticprotease cathepsin D has been identified. A series of macrocyclic compounds were designed and synthesized. Cyclizations were accomplished using ring-closing metathesis with the second generation Grubbs catalyst. These compounds contain either