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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (E)-3-[β-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethenyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole 1018767-13-9 C13H14N2O2
    (E)-3-[β-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-ethenyl]-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole
    —— 1417912-97-0 C14H15F3O3
    —— 3-iodo-2,4,6-trinitro-phenol 4840-88-4 C6H2IN3O7
    3-iodo-2,4,6-trinitro-phenol
    —— 3-(methylamino)propyliminomethyl-4-bromophenol 952499-51-3 C11H15BrN2O
    3-(methylamino)propyliminomethyl-4-bromophenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(cyclohexyliminomethyl)phenol 349455-75-0 C13H16ClNO
    4-chloro-2-(cyclohexyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 4-[(E)-Azepan-1-yliminomethyl]-2-iodo-6-methoxy-phenol 16987-35-2 C14H19IN2O2
    4-[(E)-Azepan-1-yliminomethyl]-2-iodo-6-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2,4-dibromo-6-[(2-chloro-3-pyridyl)iminomethyl]phenol 72889-57-7 C12H7Br2ClN2O
    2,4-dibromo-6-[(2-chloro-3-pyridyl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2,6-diiodo-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(3-hydroxy-4-iodophenyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 1434003-47-0 C19H16BF2I3N2O
    2,6-diiodo-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(3-hydroxy-4-iodophenyl)-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
    —— 3-<(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)amino>-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-on 117527-14-7 C14H17NO4
    3-<(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)amino>-4-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-on
    —— 2,6-DINITRO-3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYLACETIC ACID 185395-94-2 C9H8N2O8
    2,6-DINITRO-3-HYDROXY-4-METHOXYPHENYLACETIC ACID
    —— 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenol 1256493-81-8 C8H9IO3
    3-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-iodo-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde N''-(4-fluorophenyl)thiosemicarbazone 880049-27-4 C15H14FN3O2S
    2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde N''-(4-fluorophenyl)thiosemicarbazone
    —— 1,11-bis(salicylaldimine)-6-oxa-3,9-dithiaundecane 1334119-82-2 C22H28N2O3S2
    1,11-bis(salicylaldimine)-6-oxa-3,9-dithiaundecane
    —— N-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-succinamid-saeure 71573-12-1 C11H13NO5
    N-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-succinamid-saeure
    —— 3-(3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenethyl)-propylamin 20321-51-1 C20H27NO5
    3-(3-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenethyl)-propylamin
    —— Furan-2-yl-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-methanone oxime 97059-43-3 C13H13NO3
    Furan-2-yl-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-methanone oxime
    —— O-ethyl (2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl) methyl-phenyl-phosphinate 84713-51-9 C15H16NO5P
    O-ethyl (2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl) methyl-phenyl-phosphinate
    —— N-Benzylaminocarbonyl-salicylidenamin 17398-13-9 C16H16N2O2
    N-Benzylaminocarbonyl-salicylidenamin
    —— N-<4-(1-methylimidazolyl)>-N-methyl-N'-(6-oxoheptyl)urea picrate 106260-61-1 C6H3N3O7*C13H22N4O2
    N-<4-(1-methylimidazolyl)>-N-methyl-N'-(6-oxoheptyl)urea picrate
    —— 4-(2-Ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-phenol 28292-76-4 C16H22O2
    4-(2-Ethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-phenol
    —— N-[[1-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxoindol-3-ylidene]amino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide 1202498-28-9 C23H23N5O6
    N-[[1-[2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-2-oxoindol-3-ylidene]amino]-2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzamide
    —— 4-[(E)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 499208-96-7 C16H14N4O3S
    4-[(E)-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-3-(phenoxymethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— 4-[(3S,3aR,6R,7E)-7-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazol-3-yl]phenol 1253891-69-8 C22H24N2O2
    4-[(3S,3aR,6R,7E)-7-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-indazol-3-yl]phenol
    —— 2-(2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-ethyl bromide 158406-96-3 C11H12BrNO2S
    2-(2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-ethyl bromide
    —— (E)-6,11-Dioxa-3-aza-2(4,2)-pyrimidina-1,4(1,3)-dibenzenacyclododecaphan-8-en-44-ol 1312603-69-2 C22H21N3O3
    (E)-6,11-Dioxa-3-aza-2(4,2)-pyrimidina-1,4(1,3)-dibenzenacyclododecaphan-8-en-44-ol
    —— 4-(1-Methyl-1-pentyl-hexyl)-benzene-1,2-diol 100186-20-7 C18H30O2
    4-(1-Methyl-1-pentyl-hexyl)-benzene-1,2-diol
    —— (bromo)(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylthio)methylenebis (ethyl phenylphosphinate) 66300-19-4 C23H24BrClO5P2S
    (bromo)(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenylthio)methylenebis (ethyl phenylphosphinate)
    —— 2-Piperidinone,1-[2-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)- 89680-87-5 C19H27NO6
    2-Piperidinone,1-[2-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-5-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)-
    —— 2-<4-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylmercapto>-4-phenyl-thiazol 5316-26-7 C16H12N2O3S2
    2-<4-Hydroxy-5-nitro-benzylmercapto>-4-phenyl-thiazol
    —— 6-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexan-3-one 105401-70-5 C12H16O2
    6-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-hexan-3-one
    —— 1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethylindan-1-ol 1356059-25-0 C21H26O3
    1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethylindan-1-ol
    —— 1-(3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-dimethylamino-ethanol 100132-39-6 C10H15NO3
    1-(3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-dimethylamino-ethanol
    —— (2α,5aβ,6α,11α,11aβ)-2-acetyl-6,11-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4,5a,6,11,11a,12-decahydronaphthacene 82167-68-8 C24H28O5
    (2α,5aβ,6α,11α,11aβ)-2-acetyl-6,11-diacetoxy-1,2,3,4,5a,6,11,11a,12-decahydronaphthacene
    —— 1-(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-cycloheptatrien 13270-37-6 C13H10Br2O
    1-(3,5-Dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-cycloheptatrien
    —— N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diaminohexane 123431-64-1 C20H24N2O2
    N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,1-diaminohexane
    —— 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene 4-oxide 1369950-41-3 C14H15NO4
    3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-oxo-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.4]non-3-ene 4-oxide
    —— [Ru(3-OH-py-2-COO)<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] 1412573-61-5 C48H38N2O6P2Ru
    [Ru(3-OH-py-2-COO)<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]
    —— 1127943-63-8 C12H17BrOSi
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one 1207172-82-4 C13H14O3
    3-(2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— 2-chloro-5-iodo-4-methoxyphenol 1600530-31-1 C7H6ClIO2
    2-chloro-5-iodo-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 5-methoxy-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenylimino)ethyl)phenol 1382679-54-0 C16H17NO3
    5-methoxy-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenylimino)ethyl)phenol
    —— N-(2,4-dinitrophenylthio)-3-phenylsulfonyl-4-aminophenol 84452-53-9 C18H13N3O7S2
    N-(2,4-dinitrophenylthio)-3-phenylsulfonyl-4-aminophenol
    —— 5-(Chloromethyl)-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol 864933-44-8 C10H13ClO3
    5-(Chloromethyl)-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 5,11,17,23,29,35-hexakis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexahydroxycalix<6>arene 93503-76-5 C72H96O6
    5,11,17,23,29,35-hexakis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexahydroxycalix<6>arene
    —— 4-(Anilino-hydroxy-methyl)-pyrogallol 805952-15-2 C13H13NO4
    4-(Anilino-hydroxy-methyl)-pyrogallol
    —— 4-fluoro-2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenol 1313182-67-0 C12H21FOSi2
    4-fluoro-2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phenol
    —— (6-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 761448-12-8 C12H15ClN2O5
    (6-Chloro-2-hydroxy-3-nitro-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)acetic acid 1261828-94-7 C8H7NO5
    2-(2-Hydroxy-6-nitrophenyl)acetic acid
    —— 2,5-dihydroxybenzyl thioacetate 171366-64-6 C9H10O3S
    2,5-dihydroxybenzyl thioacetate
    —— 4-[[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol 693811-18-6 C15H26O4Si
    4-[[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy]methyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenol