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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxymandelsaeure 7298-29-5 C6H12N2*C9H10O6
    2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxymandelsaeure
    —— 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzaldehyde 727375-40-8 C13H16O3Si
    2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzaldehyde
    —— 5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-methylsulfanyl-phenol 101251-04-1 C8H9ClOS
    5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-methylsulfanyl-phenol
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2-methyl-6-[2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-furanyl]-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 1033770-62-5 C20H13ClF3N3O2
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2-methyl-6-[2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-furanyl]-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— methyl (2Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetate 66340-55-4 C10H11NO4
    methyl (2Z)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetate
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-but-3-en-1-ol 104175-26-0 C11H14O2
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-but-3-en-1-ol
    —— (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-dimethyl-sulfonium 57836-01-8 C10H15OS
    (4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-dimethyl-sulfonium
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-pent-1-enylphenol 1187759-59-6 C12H16O2
    2-Methoxy-6-pent-1-enylphenol
    —— 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylideneamino)pyridin-3-ol 1246614-27-6 C12H10N2O3
    2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylideneamino)pyridin-3-ol
    —— 2-(5-Pentyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenol 83431-83-8 C13H16N2O2
    2-(5-Pentyl-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-{[(4-bromophenyl)methylene]amino}-4-methylphenol 878193-83-0 C14H12BrNO
    2-{[(4-bromophenyl)methylene]amino}-4-methylphenol
    —— 1,4-dihydro-4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 1033766-84-5 C15H12IN3O
    1,4-dihydro-4-(4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— N-(5-Nitro-salicyliden)-2-amino-propan 42551-72-4 C10H12N2O3
    N-(5-Nitro-salicyliden)-2-amino-propan
    —— 5-(2-ethyl-4,5-dimethoxy-benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 6981-19-7 C15H18N2O4
    5-(2-ethyl-4,5-dimethoxy-benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-benzyl)-1-methyl-pyrrolidin 66162-89-8 C12H17NO2
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxy-benzyl)-1-methyl-pyrrolidin
    —— 2-(3-allyl-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazol-3-one 569689-19-6 C15H11BrClN3O2S
    2-(3-allyl-5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazol-3-one
    —— 3-fluoro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol 1534369-41-9 C12H16BFO3
    3-fluoro-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenol
    —— 4-[1-(adamantan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1157557-41-9 C18H25NO2
    4-[1-(adamantan-2-ylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-nitro-5-(p-nitrophenylsulphonamido)salicylaldehyde azine 84042-28-4 C26H18N8O14S2
    3-nitro-5-(p-nitrophenylsulphonamido)salicylaldehyde azine
    —— 3-hydroxytyrosyl octyl ether 1156543-96-2 C16H26O3
    3-hydroxytyrosyl octyl ether
    —— [(2S)-1-[acetyl(propan-2-yl)amino]-3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl] acetate 1312687-84-5 C18H27NO5
    [(2S)-1-[acetyl(propan-2-yl)amino]-3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl] acetate
    —— 2,5-bis-{[bis-(2-chloro-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-hydroquinone 111799-73-6 C20H32Cl4N2O2
    2,5-bis-{[bis-(2-chloro-propyl)-amino]-methyl}-hydroquinone
    —— (S)-4-(2-(4-(cycloheptylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-(methylamino)propyl)phenol 1186220-04-1 C22H37N3O
    (S)-4-(2-(4-(cycloheptylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-(methylamino)propyl)phenol
    —— (1r,3R,4S)-3,4-bis((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-phenylcyclopentane-1-carboxamide 1427204-49-6 C28H29N3O5
    (1r,3R,4S)-3,4-bis((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-N-phenylcyclopentane-1-carboxamide
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(5-morpholin-4-yl-pentanoyl)-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one 871905-15-6 C42H60N4O9Si
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(5-morpholin-4-yl-pentanoyl)-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— anti-9,17-Dihydroxy<3.2>metacyclophane 143105-70-8 C17H18O2
    anti-9,17-Dihydroxy<3.2>metacyclophane
    —— 1-but-3-en-1-yl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethylindan-1-ol 1356058-73-5 C21H24O2
    1-but-3-en-1-yl-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2-dimethylindan-1-ol
    —— 4,5-bis(phenylethynyl)-2-methoxyphenol 108213-91-8 C23H16O2
    4,5-bis(phenylethynyl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— Sulfurous acid bis-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl) ester 62896-67-7 C14H12Br2O5S
    Sulfurous acid bis-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-benzyl) ester
    —— 2,3-dibutylthio-4-(2-nitroethylene)-phenol 157458-11-2 C17H25NO4S2
    2,3-dibutylthio-4-(2-nitroethylene)-phenol
    —— 11-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-undecanoic acid 4-(4S,7R,8S,9S,13Z,16S)-[7-allyl-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-16-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yl)-2,6-dioxo-oxacyclohexadec-13-en-8-yloxycarbonyloxymethyl]-2-nitro-phenyl ester 658054-60-5 C59H81N3O13SSi
    11-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-undecanoic acid 4-(4S,7R,8S,9S,13Z,16S)-[7-allyl-4-(tert-butyl-dimethyl-silanyloxy)-5,5,9,13-tetramethyl-16-(2-methyl-benzothiazol-5-yl)-2,6-dioxo-oxacyclohexadec-13-en-8-yloxycarbonyloxymethyl]-2-nitro-phenyl ester
    —— 2-Chloro-4-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro-phenol 32279-01-9 C7H6ClNO3S
    2-Chloro-4-methylsulfanyl-6-nitro-phenol
    —— 2-(Di-prop-2-ynyl-amino)-5-methyl-phenol 23478-19-5 C13H13NO
    2-(Di-prop-2-ynyl-amino)-5-methyl-phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-6-tropyl-phenol 5726-15-8 C14H14O2
    2-Methoxy-6-tropyl-phenol
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzoldiazoniumchlorid 1075-53-2 C8H9N2O*Cl
    3,5-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzoldiazoniumchlorid
    —— 2-Cyclopent-2-enyl-benzene-1,3-diol 57878-38-3 C11H12O2
    2-Cyclopent-2-enyl-benzene-1,3-diol
    —— N,N'-di(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,3-propanediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid 63651-95-6 C21H24N4O10
    N,N'-di(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)-1,3-propanediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid
    —— 4-(2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)phenol 1346619-67-7 C13H18O2
    4-(2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbut-3-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— 5-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one 1093857-87-4 C12H14N2O3
    5-(3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2,4-dihydropyrazol-3-one
    —— 4-Chloro-3,5-diethyl-phenol 38730-62-0 C10H13ClO
    4-Chloro-3,5-diethyl-phenol
    —— 1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitro-hexen 1921-77-3 C12H15NO3
    1-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-nitro-hexen
    —— 2,3-dibromo-6-nitro-phenol 858854-85-0 C6H3Br2NO3
    2,3-dibromo-6-nitro-phenol
    —— α-(5-Chlor-2-hydroxybenzyliden)-γ-butyrolacton 1208-49-7 C11H9ClO3
    α-(5-Chlor-2-hydroxybenzyliden)-γ-butyrolacton
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2-amino-1-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one 100185-46-4 C6H3N3O7*C10H11N3O
    Picric acid; compound with 2-amino-1-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one
    —— N-Methyl-formidiniumsaeure-methylester-pikrat 3619-31-6 C3H7NO*C6H3N3O7
    N-Methyl-formidiniumsaeure-methylester-pikrat
    —— [Lu(N,N'-bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridyl)methyl]-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6(-2H))](1+) 1162111-55-8 C26H34LuN4O8
    [Lu(N,N'-bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridyl)methyl]-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6(-2H))](1+)
    —— 1421330-76-8 C10H10Br2N2O
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 1033770-56-7 C20H14ClN3O2
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,4-dihydro-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— 2-bromo-1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-ol 90869-37-7 C10H12Br2O3
    2-bromo-1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-ol
    —— 2-[2′-(5-nitrothiazolyl)azo]-4-methoxyphenol 16247-79-3 C10H8N4O4S
    2-[2′-(5-nitrothiazolyl)azo]-4-methoxyphenol