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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-Acetamidomethyl-2-chlorphenol 34190-48-2 C9H10ClNO2
    4-Acetamidomethyl-2-chlorphenol
    —— 6-hydroxy-6-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 130767-68-9 C13H14O3
    6-hydroxy-6-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one
    —— [Cu(PPh3)2([2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]xanthate)] 1403487-13-7 C46H41CuO2P2S2
    [Cu(PPh3)2([2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]xanthate)]
    —— 133465-98-2 C17H17N5O3
    —— (E)-2-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1384172-08-0 C14H9N3O3S
    (E)-2-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— Allyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5-trimethyl-phenyl)-aether 861008-15-3 C12H16O2
    Allyl-(4-hydroxy-2.3.5-trimethyl-phenyl)-aether
    —— 1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]-3-(4-methylphenyl)thiourea 122771-98-6 C16H17N3O3S
    1-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]-3-(4-methylphenyl)thiourea
    —— 3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-p-methoxyphenyl-4-isoxazoline 132454-23-0 C17H17NO4
    3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-p-methoxyphenyl-4-isoxazoline
    —— 2-<2-Methoxy-4-methyl-phenoxy->-1-acetylmercapto-1-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-aethan 26514-00-1 C19H22O5S
    2-<2-Methoxy-4-methyl-phenoxy->-1-acetylmercapto-1-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-aethan
    —— 3-hydroxybenzyl 2,4,4-trimethyl-6-oxo-cyclohex-1-enyl sulphone 76106-70-2 C16H20O4S
    3-hydroxybenzyl 2,4,4-trimethyl-6-oxo-cyclohex-1-enyl sulphone
    —— 1H-Imidazole-4-propanamine, compd. with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (1:2) 112357-43-4 2C6H3N3O7*C6H11N3
    1H-Imidazole-4-propanamine, compd. with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (1:2)
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl hydrazone 131844-04-7 C15H12N4O7
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl hydrazone
    —— 1571882-54-6 C63H54O18
    —— 1393826-27-1 C21H23NO5
    —— 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)porphinato manganese(III) chloride 178424-80-1 C44H28MnN4O8*Cl
    5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)porphinato manganese(III) chloride
    —— Benzyl-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methylsulfanium;1-phenylethyl sulfate 1393884-29-1 C8H9O4S*C14H15OS
    Benzyl-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methylsulfanium;1-phenylethyl sulfate
    —— 1393826-21-5 C22H19FN2O4
    —— N-cyclohexyl-3-(3-(3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propanamide 1187947-16-5 C20H23FN4O4
    N-cyclohexyl-3-(3-(3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propanamide
    —— Phenol, 2,6-dibromo-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(methylamino)ethyl]- 1822850-44-1 C9H8Br2F3NO
    Phenol, 2,6-dibromo-4-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-
    —— [3-[(2-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]boronic acid 1174064-39-1 C13H10BI2NO3
    [3-[(2-Hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]boronic acid
    —— 3,4-dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime 917955-26-1 C9H11NO4
    3,4-dimethoxy-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde oxime
    —— 4-[3-[4-Hydroxy-3-(1,2-oxazol-5-yl)phenoxy]propoxy]-2-(1,2-oxazol-5-yl)phenol 865352-32-5 C21H18N2O6
    4-[3-[4-Hydroxy-3-(1,2-oxazol-5-yl)phenoxy]propoxy]-2-(1,2-oxazol-5-yl)phenol
    —— 2,4-dinitro-5,5,10,10-tetraoxo-5λ<sup>6</sup>,10λ<sup>6</sup>-thianthren-1-ol 109162-63-2 C12H6N2O9S2
    2,4-dinitro-5,5,10,10-tetraoxo-5λ<sup>6</sup>,10λ<sup>6</sup>-thianthren-1-ol
    —— (2R,3R)-methyl 2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)aminohexanoate 492465-71-1 C16H25NO3
    (2R,3R)-methyl 2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)aminohexanoate
    —— 2-(4-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)benzene-1,4-diol;bromide 76494-30-9 Br*C12H12NO2
    2-(4-methylpyridin-1-ium-1-yl)benzene-1,4-diol;bromide
    —— 2-(43-(((2-hydroxyethyl)imino)methyl)-1,4(1,4)-dibenzenacyclohexaphane-12-yl)phenol 1372559-99-3 C25H25NO2
    2-(43-(((2-hydroxyethyl)imino)methyl)-1,4(1,4)-dibenzenacyclohexaphane-12-yl)phenol
    —— 2-Phenethyl-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]indol-3-ol 187752-31-4 C18H16N2O
    2-Phenethyl-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]indol-3-ol
    —— methyl 5-acetoxy-2-[4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)]phenoxymethyl-4-methoxyhydrocinnamate 147067-61-6 C26H32O10
    methyl 5-acetoxy-2-[4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-5-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)]phenoxymethyl-4-methoxyhydrocinnamate
    —— Deterenol hydrobromide 854179-30-9 C11H18BrNO2
    Deterenol hydrobromide
    —— 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd-(benzyloxythiocarbonyl-hydrazon) 92967-03-8 C16H16N2O3S
    4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyd-(benzyloxythiocarbonyl-hydrazon)
    —— [Cu(H2(N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine))] 149642-26-2 C18H18CuN2O4
    [Cu(H2(N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine))]
    —— N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide 303066-07-1 C17H18N2O4
    N'-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide
    —— N-[2-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetamide 31804-68-9 C18H21NO4
    N-[2-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-acetamide
    —— N-Butyl(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamid 70382-00-2 C12H16N2O4
    N-Butyl(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamid
    —— 4-[[(1-Methylpyrazol-3-yl)amino]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol;hydrochloride 1856028-10-8 C11H14ClN3O2
    4-[[(1-Methylpyrazol-3-yl)amino]methyl]benzene-1,3-diol;hydrochloride
    —— 1050686-42-4 C20H15BrN2O2
    —— 1-methyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolium iodide 1442663-44-6 C10H11N2O*I
    1-methyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)imidazolium iodide
    —— 1278446-11-9 C15H16O4
    —— 80314-62-1 C18H28O5Si
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-((Z)-3-methyl-hept-2-enyl)-phenol 127757-27-1 C15H22O2
    2-Methoxy-4-((Z)-3-methyl-hept-2-enyl)-phenol
    —— (5S)-(E)-epicoccarine A 1401427-74-4 C23H31NO4
    (5S)-(E)-epicoccarine A
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-ethanol 99173-22-5 C10H14O3S
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methyl-phenylsulfanyl)-ethanol
    —— 1239876-34-6 C17H24O4
    —— 4-bromo-2-(1-methylheptyl)phenol 1173929-09-3 C14H21BrO
    4-bromo-2-(1-methylheptyl)phenol
    —— 4-{[1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylamino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 144836-32-8 C22H20FN3O2
    4-{[1-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-ylamino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— 2,6-Dihydroxy-1-nitro-3-chlormethyl-benzol 89640-02-8 C7H6ClNO4
    2,6-Dihydroxy-1-nitro-3-chlormethyl-benzol
    —— 5-Chloro-4-{2-[4-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-methylphenoxy]ethylamino}-6-methoxymethylpyrimidine 105741-22-8 C19H26ClN3O3
    5-Chloro-4-{2-[4-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2-methylphenoxy]ethylamino}-6-methoxymethylpyrimidine
    —— isobutylammonium picrate 99171-83-2 C4H11N*C6H3N3O7
    isobutylammonium picrate
    —— 1-(5-benzyloxy-4-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-15-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pentadeca-2,4-dien-1-one 1254222-59-7 C38H54O5
    1-(5-benzyloxy-4-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-15-(tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-pentadeca-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-hydroxy-4-deuterio-anisole 116467-77-7 C7H8O2
    2-hydroxy-4-deuterio-anisole