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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1-pentyl-2-methylimidazolium picrate 1361182-30-0 C6H3N3O7*C9H16N2
    1-pentyl-2-methylimidazolium picrate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-dithiobenzoesaeure-methylester 3152-70-3 C9H10O2S2
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-dithiobenzoesaeure-methylester
    —— 3,4-dimethylpyridinium picrate 1610-85-1 C6H3N3O7*C7H9N
    3,4-dimethylpyridinium picrate
    —— 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[2-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-,dihydrochloride 88719-36-2 C13H22N2O3*2ClH
    1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[2-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl]-,dihydrochloride
    —— 5-oxo-6-[2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-aminium-2,4,6-trinitrobenzenolate 1312698-64-8 C6H3N3O7*C9H8N4OS
    5-oxo-6-[2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-aminium-2,4,6-trinitrobenzenolate
    —— 3,4,6,7-Tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido<1,2-a>pyrimidin-2,8(1H)-diimin-pikrat 91115-34-3 C6H3N3O7*C7H11N5
    3,4,6,7-Tetrahydro-2H-pyrimido<1,2-a>pyrimidin-2,8(1H)-diimin-pikrat
    —— resorcinol quinonediimine 1268168-95-1 C18H14N2O4
    resorcinol quinonediimine
    —— 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octanium picrate 101512-02-1 C6H3N3O7*C6H12N2
    1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)octanium picrate
    —— 7-(4,5-dihydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-3-yl)-8-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethen-1-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1,5,6,8a,9-pentaazafluorene 1583301-99-8 C29H26N6O5
    7-(4,5-dihydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-3-yl)-8-(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethen-1-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1,5,6,8a,9-pentaazafluorene
    —— 1312944-87-8 C6H3N3O7*C11H9N3O
    —— 2-(3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1197029-86-9 C14H17NO2
    2-(3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)propyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— N-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane 123530-16-5 C17H29N5O3
    N-(5-nitro-2-hydroxybenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane
    —— 6-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzyliden)-3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-2H-pyran-2,5(6H)-dion 104555-09-1 C18H12O6
    6-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzyliden)-3-hydroxy-4-phenyl-2H-pyran-2,5(6H)-dion
    —— 1-(β-piperidinoethyl)-6-benzotriazole dipicrate 94120-53-3 2C6H3N3O7*C15H22N4O
    1-(β-piperidinoethyl)-6-benzotriazole dipicrate
    —— 1-hexylimidazolium picrate 1361182-31-1 C6H3N3O7*C9H16N2
    1-hexylimidazolium picrate
    —— cis-4-[N-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 81519-06-4 C15H19NO4
    cis-4-[N-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)hexane-1,6-diamine 396733-95-2 C22H28N2O4
    N,N′-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)hexane-1,6-diamine
    —— 3,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-<i>trans</i>-styryl)-2-methyl-isoxazolium; iodide 113115-32-5 C22H22NO5*I
    3,5-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-<i>trans</i>-styryl)-2-methyl-isoxazolium; iodide
    —— 1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl-methyl)-phenyl]-ethanone oxime 35590-27-3 C14H14N2O4
    1-[2,4-Dihydroxy-3-(hydroxy-pyridin-2-yl-methyl)-phenyl]-ethanone oxime
    —— 1-butyl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate 1361182-36-6 C6H3N3O7*C8H13N3O2
    1-butyl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate
    —— 1-isopropyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate 1361182-35-5 C6H3N3O7*C6H9N3O2
    1-isopropyl-4-nitroimidazolium picrate
    —— 2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazine-N-(2-propenyl)carbothioamide 38407-90-8 C11H13N3OS
    2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazine-N-(2-propenyl)carbothioamide
    —— D-(1<i>R</i>)-1-(2-amino-1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazol-4-yl)-erythritol; picrate 36791-84-1 C6H3N3O7*C7H13N3O4
    D-(1<i>R</i>)-1-(2-amino-1(3)<i>H</i>-imidazol-4-yl)-erythritol; picrate
    —— 5-chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4,6-dione 39696-06-5 C11H9ClN2O3
    5-chloro-2-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-4,6-dione
    —— trans-4-[N-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 81519-03-1 C15H19NO4
    trans-4-[N-(3',4'-dihydroxybenzylidene)aminomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioyl bis(salicylaldehyde hydrazone) 143661-74-9 C18H18N4O6
    (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioyl bis(salicylaldehyde hydrazone)
    —— 1,2-dimethylimidazole*2,4,6-trinitrophenol 24134-14-3 C5H8N2*C6H3N3O7
    1,2-dimethylimidazole*2,4,6-trinitrophenol
    —— (E)-3-Butylamino-2-(3,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester 34601-71-3 C16H21Cl2NO4
    (E)-3-Butylamino-2-(3,4-dichloro-2,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-but-2-enoic acid ethyl ester
    —— 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(decylamino)methyl]phenol 1342283-61-7 C19H33NO3
    2,6-dimethoxy-4-[(decylamino)methyl]phenol
    —— Methyl-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-selenid 57483-18-8 C7H8OSe
    Methyl-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-selenid
    —— 2-methylbenzimidazole-picric acid complex 53521-02-1 C6H3N3O7*C8H8N2
    2-methylbenzimidazole-picric acid complex
    —— 3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-benzimidic acid methyl ester; hydrochloride 84437-19-4 C8H8ClNO2*ClH
    3-Chloro-4-hydroxy-benzimidic acid methyl ester; hydrochloride
    —— 4-{[(E)-1-Methyl-heptylimino]-methyl}-phenol 30121-95-0 C15H23NO
    4-{[(E)-1-Methyl-heptylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— Ni(II)(1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione)2 213465-30-6 C42H38NiO12
    Ni(II)(1,7-bis[4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl]-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione)2
    —— N-[5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-N'-isopropylidene-hydrazine; compound with picric acid 78968-43-1 C6H3N3O7*C11H11ClN4S
    N-[5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl]-N'-isopropylidene-hydrazine; compound with picric acid
    —— (4-Methoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdichlorid 122216-27-7 C13H12Cl2O3Te
    (4-Methoxy-phenyl)-(2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-tellurdichlorid
    —— Picric acid; compound with 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-pyrimido[1,2-a]azepine 24470-97-1 C6H3N3O7*C9H16N2
    Picric acid; compound with 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-pyrimido[1,2-a]azepine
    —— nitrile of 2,2-dichloro-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 132755-47-6 C10H7Cl2NO
    nitrile of 2,2-dichloro-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylic acid
    —— 2-((3-aminopropylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol 372146-48-0 C11H16N2O2
    2-((3-aminopropylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Bromo-2-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-phenol 138840-53-6 C10H13BrO4
    4-Bromo-2-(1-hydroxy-ethyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxy-phenol
    —— disalicylaldehyde phthaloyldihydrazone 112008-80-7 C22H18N4O4
    disalicylaldehyde phthaloyldihydrazone
    —— [12,12,12-2H3]-12-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)dodecane 1108149-07-0 C18H30O2
    [12,12,12-2H3]-12-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)dodecane
    —— N-propyl-N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide 1342283-83-3 C20H25NO5
    N-propyl-N-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanamide
    —— 3-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline 107536-43-6 C13H18N2O
    3-(2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dimethylphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrazoline
    —— 3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)phenol 909389-76-0 C20H12N2O
    3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)phenol
    —— 3,3,3-trifluoro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl 2-iodobenzoate 1400999-69-0 C17H14F3IO4
    3,3,3-trifluoro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propyl 2-iodobenzoate
    —— 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde 65162-33-6 C8H6Br2O3
    3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzaldehyde
    —— 4-(acetoxymethyl)-5-methoxy-3-vinylphenol 138408-74-9 C12H14O4
    4-(acetoxymethyl)-5-methoxy-3-vinylphenol
    —— 2-((Ξ)-vanillylidenamino)-2-deoxy-D-glucose 109514-99-0 C14H19NO7
    2-((Ξ)-vanillylidenamino)-2-deoxy-D-glucose
    —— 4-(((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)imino)methyl)phenol 112633-42-8 C11H10N2O2
    4-(((5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)imino)methyl)phenol