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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (RP,RP)-SMS-Phos 81964-01-4 C26H24O2P2
    (RP,RP)-SMS-Phos
    —— 2-Nitro-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenol; compound with dicyclohexyl-amine 50563-93-4 C8H3F6NO3*C12H23N
    2-Nitro-4,6-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenol; compound with dicyclohexyl-amine
    —— 2-bromo-4-[2-[2-[2-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy]-ethoxy]phenol 744251-99-8 C14H20Br2O5
    2-bromo-4-[2-[2-[2-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy]-ethoxy]phenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-6-en-2-yl)-5-methoxyphenol 1380332-33-1 C15H22O3
    2-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-6-en-2-yl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N'-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea 92950-16-8 C14H13N3O5
    N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N'-(4-methoxyphenyl)urea
    —— 4-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol 1072940-21-6 C16H24O2
    4-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-5-pentylbenzene-1,3-diol
    —— p-hydroxydiphenylamine radical 34865-89-9 C12H10NO
    p-hydroxydiphenylamine radical
    —— 4-(2,3,4-Trihydroxyphenyl)-2-(allylamino)thiazole hydrochloride 17927-85-4 C12H12N2O3S*ClH
    4-(2,3,4-Trihydroxyphenyl)-2-(allylamino)thiazole hydrochloride
    —— (E)-N-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenethyl)but-2-enamide 1421925-12-3 C12H13Br2NO2
    (E)-N-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenethyl)but-2-enamide
    —— N-(4'-Carbomethoxy-5'-nitro-1',3'-benzdioxol-6'-yl)-5-amino-4-carbomethoxy-6-nitro-1,3-benzdioxol 93415-86-2 C18H13N3O12
    N-(4'-Carbomethoxy-5'-nitro-1',3'-benzdioxol-6'-yl)-5-amino-4-carbomethoxy-6-nitro-1,3-benzdioxol
    —— 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(allylamino)thiazole hydrochloride 17927-80-9 C12H12N2O2S*ClH
    4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(allylamino)thiazole hydrochloride
    —— [[Pd(C6H4OH-2)I(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)] 773887-40-4 C12H21IN2OPd
    [[Pd(C6H4OH-2)I(N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)]
    —— 2-iodo-4,5-dimethoxyphenol 1806354-34-6 C8H9IO3
    2-iodo-4,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— 1-cyano-5-hydroxy-benzocyclobutene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester 1447139-64-1 C11H9NO3
    1-cyano-5-hydroxy-benzocyclobutene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— 3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)octanamide 1331858-74-2 C22H39NO4Si
    3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)octanamide
    —— 151409-44-8 C16H17NO4
    —— sulfinylbis[(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methanethione] 1298083-51-8 C14H10O7S3
    sulfinylbis[(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl)methanethione]
    —— N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-iodophenyl)propanamide 132513-16-7 C17H18INO2
    N-[2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-iodophenyl)propanamide
    —— 2,3,5-trichloro-6-[2-(prop-2-enylamino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]benzene-1,4-diol 98293-43-7 C12H9Cl3N2O2S
    2,3,5-trichloro-6-[2-(prop-2-enylamino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]benzene-1,4-diol
    —— N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-6-(2-(2,5-diiodothiophen-3-yl)ethoxy)hexanamide 1426826-61-0 C20H25I2NO4S
    N-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)-6-(2-(2,5-diiodothiophen-3-yl)ethoxy)hexanamide
    —— 1004552-65-1 C24H34GdN5O9
    —— 4-Fluoro-5-iodo-2-nitrophenol 1037298-06-8 C6H3FINO3
    4-Fluoro-5-iodo-2-nitrophenol
    —— (3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester 146803-78-3 C12H16O4
    (3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-acetic acid ethyl ester
    —— 1-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[3-(methylcarbamothioylhydrazinylidene)butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea 1229570-51-7 C15H22N6O2S2
    1-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-[3-(methylcarbamothioylhydrazinylidene)butan-2-ylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 4-[2-((N,N'-di-Boc)guanidino)ethyl]-phenol 191097-29-7 C19H29N3O5
    4-[2-((N,N'-di-Boc)guanidino)ethyl]-phenol
    —— N-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>thiobenzamide 106787-76-2 C15H15NO2S
    N-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>thiobenzamide
    —— 2-hydroxy-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone-imine, hydrochloride 99904-12-8 C8H9NO4*ClH
    2-hydroxy-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxy-phenyl)-ethanone-imine, hydrochloride
    —— (S,S)-[2-(2-Cyclopropylmethyloxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylmethyl]-carbamic Acid tert-Butyl Ester 1245559-88-9 C19H27NO4
    (S,S)-[2-(2-Cyclopropylmethyloxy-5-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylmethyl]-carbamic Acid tert-Butyl Ester
    —— 4,6-diiodoresorcinol 19514-91-1 C6H4I2O2
    4,6-diiodoresorcinol
    —— 1415244-06-2 C24H35N3O8
    —— 1423127-11-0 C54H51N3O9
    —— 1-[(2-N,N-dimethylpropyldiamino-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)]-6-[(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl]hexanediamine 1421366-03-1 C27H37N5O6
    1-[(2-N,N-dimethylpropyldiamino-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)]-6-[(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl]hexanediamine
    —— 2-methoxy-5-[(4-methoxyphenylimino)methyl]phenol 24033-06-5 C15H15NO3
    2-methoxy-5-[(4-methoxyphenylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— tetradecylene-tetrahydroxycavitand 175358-65-3 C72H96O12
    tetradecylene-tetrahydroxycavitand
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-N-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-benzamide 57786-57-9 C13H10N4O6
    2-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-N-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-benzamide
    —— 97738-75-5 C15H18N4O2S2
    —— 2-(1,3-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)phenol 1380332-24-0 C14H18O
    2-(1,3-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)phenol
    —— phosphoric acid diethyl ester (S)-4-(2-{4-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-ethyl)-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-ylmethyl ester 847672-56-4 C26H35FNO7P
    phosphoric acid diethyl ester (S)-4-(2-{4-[2-(3-fluoro-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethoxy]-phenyl}-ethyl)-2-methyl-4,5-dihydro-oxazol-4-ylmethyl ester
    —— 2-(4-Methylene-oct-7-enyl)-phenol 123753-51-5 C15H20O
    2-(4-Methylene-oct-7-enyl)-phenol
    —— (R,E)-2-(((3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)imino)methyl)-4-methyl-6-(triphenylsilyl)phenol 1427319-02-5 C32H35NOSi
    (R,E)-2-(((3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl)imino)methyl)-4-methyl-6-(triphenylsilyl)phenol
    —— 2-<N-<1-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>-N-methylamino>acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal hydrochloride 92367-00-5 C13H21NO4*ClH
    2-<N-<1-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>-N-methylamino>acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal hydrochloride
    —— N-[(2-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)aminopropyl]-N-[(2-N,N-dimethylpropyldiamino-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)aminopropyl]methylamine 1421365-99-2 C28H40N6O6
    N-[(2-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl)amino)-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)aminopropyl]-N-[(2-N,N-dimethylpropyldiamino-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-en-1-yl)aminopropyl]methylamine
    —— 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin copper 81046-68-6 C44H28CuN4O
    5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin copper
    —— N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-iodophenyl)propanamide 132513-18-9 C18H20INO3
    N-[2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-(4-iodophenyl)propanamide
    —— 5,5'-dithiobis(salicylaldazine) 107321-90-4 C28H22N4O4S2
    5,5'-dithiobis(salicylaldazine)
    —— 4-(2-(((4-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methylene)amino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol 1363301-25-0 C13H15N3O2
    4-(2-(((4-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methylene)amino)ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1326757-23-6 C48H60N4O10
    —— N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetamide 119284-52-5 C19H18N2O5
    N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetamide
    —— bis-(2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl)sulfinyl 344567-18-6 C14H10O5S3
    bis-(2,4-dihydroxythiobenzoyl)sulfinyl
    —— N-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>propanethioamide 106787-75-1 C11H15NO2S
    N-<2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl>propanethioamide