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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-(1-Isopropyl-cyclohexyl)-phenol 34809-66-0 C15H22O
    4-(1-Isopropyl-cyclohexyl)-phenol
    —— 1415490-37-7 C10H14O5
    —— 6-chloro-2-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)phenol 102117-81-7 C9H8Cl2O
    6-chloro-2-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)phenol
    —— 1-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-propan-sulfonsaeure-(1) 59852-50-5 C10H14O5S
    1-<4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-propan-sulfonsaeure-(1)
    —— (5Z)-2-[(2S)-4-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one 1181082-76-7 C19H22FN3O2S
    (5Z)-2-[(2S)-4-(cyclopropylmethyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-5-[(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-one
    —— 2,4-Dichloro-5-methoxymethyl-phenol 24099-68-1 C8H8Cl2O2
    2,4-Dichloro-5-methoxymethyl-phenol
    —— 2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(pyridin-3-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one 1567849-34-6 C18H12ClN3O3S
    2-[1-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-6-(pyridin-3-yl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-one
    —— 2-(2-Methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-isoquinolin-1-yl)-phenol 26768-82-1 C16H21NO
    2-(2-Methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-isoquinolin-1-yl)-phenol
    —— 3-[(2-morpholinoethylimino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol 1020662-10-5 C13H18N2O3
    3-[(2-morpholinoethylimino)methyl]benzene-1,2-diol
    —— Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenoxymethyl)-phosphinic acid 51458-49-2 C14H15O6P
    Bis-(4-hydroxy-phenoxymethyl)-phosphinic acid
    —— trans-α-Methyl-β-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzoyl)-acrylsaeure 13720-57-5 C12H12O5
    trans-α-Methyl-β-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzoyl)-acrylsaeure
    —— 3-hydroxy-9,10-seco-androsta-1,3,5(10)-triene-11,17-dione 10123-72-5 C19H24O3
    3-hydroxy-9,10-seco-androsta-1,3,5(10)-triene-11,17-dione
    —— 2-{[(E)-3-Fluoro-phenylimino]-methyl}-4-methyl-phenol 36239-40-4 C14H12FNO
    2-{[(E)-3-Fluoro-phenylimino]-methyl}-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 4-(aminomethyl)-5-bromo-2-methoxyphenol 885654-05-7 C8H10BrNO2
    4-(aminomethyl)-5-bromo-2-methoxyphenol
    —— N-(3-Amino-propyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-anilin 91054-86-3 C9H14N2O2
    N-(3-Amino-propyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-anilin
    —— 4-[5-(N'-Cyclohexylidene-hydrazino)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-phenol 473725-38-1 C14H16N4O2
    4-[5-(N'-Cyclohexylidene-hydrazino)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-phenol
    —— 1,4-bis(((3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazono)methyl)benzene 1345019-83-1 C22H18N4O2
    1,4-bis(((3-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazono)methyl)benzene
    —— 2,4,6-Tribrom-3-hydroxy-5-methoxytoluol 34132-34-8 C8H7Br3O2
    2,4,6-Tribrom-3-hydroxy-5-methoxytoluol
    —— Bis-<2,3-dihydroxy-benzyl>-disulfid 5273-68-7 C14H14O4S2
    Bis-<2,3-dihydroxy-benzyl>-disulfid
    —— N-[2,2-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methyl]ammonium chloride 1610604-98-2 C21H30NO7P*ClH
    N-[2,2-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-N-[(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)methyl]ammonium chloride
    —— 6-{5,6-difluoro-2-[(E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)vinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}nicotinonitrile 1233449-06-3 C22H14F2N4O2
    6-{5,6-difluoro-2-[(E)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)vinyl]-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}nicotinonitrile
    —— 2,3,5-trimethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol 196944-10-2 C10H11NOS
    2,3,5-trimethyl-4-thiocyanatophenol
    —— 8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-<<(methoxyethoxy)methyl>oxy>-2-methyloct-2-ene 132777-22-1 C19H30O4
    8-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-<<(methoxyethoxy)methyl>oxy>-2-methyloct-2-ene
    —— 2-hydroxy-5-isopropoxybenzenethiol 1260511-74-7 C9H12O2S
    2-hydroxy-5-isopropoxybenzenethiol
    —— 2-[1-(4-Bromo-6-methoxypyridin-2-ylamino)ethyl]phenol 1312795-35-9 C14H15BrN2O2
    2-[1-(4-Bromo-6-methoxypyridin-2-ylamino)ethyl]phenol
    —— 2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-allyl-phenol 41389-72-4 C13H18O
    2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl-4-allyl-phenol
    —— [Mn(II)(2-[((6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl]-4-nitrophenol 713110-26-0 C22H26Cl2MnN4O4
    [Mn(II)(2-[((6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl]-4-nitrophenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-crotonophenon 99865-36-8 C11H12O3
    2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-crotonophenon
    —— 3-Nitro-4-hydroxybenzylformiat 32644-99-8 C8H7NO5
    3-Nitro-4-hydroxybenzylformiat
    —— 3-Hydroxy-4.5-dimethoxy-<2-14C>-zimtsaeure 39025-84-8 C11H12O5
    3-Hydroxy-4.5-dimethoxy-<2-14C>-zimtsaeure
    —— 4,4-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-amide 35631-37-9 C13H16N4O6
    4,4-dimethyl-oxazolidine-3-carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-amide
    —— 1-<2-Methoxy-phenoxy>-2-mercapto-2-<3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-ethan 5155-57-7 C16H18O4S
    1-<2-Methoxy-phenoxy>-2-mercapto-2-<3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl>-ethan
    —— 2-(2-bromo-phenylazo)-4-methyl-phenol 93307-97-2 C13H11BrN2O
    2-(2-bromo-phenylazo)-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 52132-02-2 C14H14N4O3
    —— Benzeneacetonitrile, 3-hydroxy-2-nitro- 1261760-70-6 C8H6N2O3
    Benzeneacetonitrile, 3-hydroxy-2-nitro-
    —— N-(2-bromoethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyaniline hydrobromide 97389-30-5 BrH*C8H10BrNO2
    N-(2-bromoethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyaniline hydrobromide
    —— 3-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-tris-benzyloxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-phenol 883742-05-0 C35H38O6
    3-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-((2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-tris-benzyloxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yl)-phenol
    —— Phenol, Dimethylnitrosamin 34768-17-7 C2H6N2O*C6H6O
    Phenol, Dimethylnitrosamin
    —— 5-(2-Amino-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-benzene-1,2,4-triol 57588-71-3 C10H15NO3
    5-(2-Amino-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl)-benzene-1,2,4-triol
    —— 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-resorcinol 861511-60-6 C7H10N2O2
    2,4-diamino-6-methyl-resorcinol
    —— diphenylamine picrate 28073-04-3 C6H3N3O7*C12H11N
    diphenylamine picrate
    —— 4-methoxy-2-phenylacetylphenol ethylene acetal 176643-17-7 C17H18O4
    4-methoxy-2-phenylacetylphenol ethylene acetal
    —— 4,4'-(hexane-1,6-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidine)diphenol 67360-24-1 C20H24N2O2
    4,4'-(hexane-1,6-diylbis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidine)diphenol
    —— 1,4-bis(((1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)hydrazono)methyl)benzene 1345019-88-6 C24H22N4O2
    1,4-bis(((1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)hydrazono)methyl)benzene
    —— 4-[N-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)aminomethyl]phenol 319016-19-8 C9H10N4O
    4-[N-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)aminomethyl]phenol
    —— methanesulfonic acid 2-(3-iodo-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl ester 1246457-12-4 C10H13IO4S
    methanesulfonic acid 2-(3-iodo-4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethyl ester
    —— N'-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide 1361568-69-5 C14H11ClN2O5
    N'-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide
    —— 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2,4-dinitrophenol 94037-85-1 C14H20N2O5
    3,5-di-tert-butyl-2,4-dinitrophenol
    —— 5-(2-aminocyclohexyl)amino-7-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)amino-3-isopropylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine 607727-47-9 C22H31N7O3
    5-(2-aminocyclohexyl)amino-7-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl)amino-3-isopropylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine
    —— 2-[5,6-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl]-4-methyl-phenol 101473-96-5 C24H21N3O3
    2-[5,6-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,2,4]triazin-3-yl]-4-methyl-phenol