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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(tripropylsilyl)methylthio]phenol 1230389-95-3 C19H34OSSi
    2,3,6-trimethyl-4-[(tripropylsilyl)methylthio]phenol
    —— N-{1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl]propyl}cyclo-pentanecarboxamide 625122-13-6 C18H22N4O3
    N-{1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl]propyl}cyclo-pentanecarboxamide
    —— 7,12-dimercapto-3,8,13-trimethoxy-10,15-dihydro-5H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononen-2-ol 1431863-78-3 C24H24O4S2
    7,12-dimercapto-3,8,13-trimethoxy-10,15-dihydro-5H-tribenzo[a,d,g]cyclononen-2-ol
    —— 2-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane 1171247-82-7 C12H16O3
    2-ethyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane
    —— 5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid 2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylene]hydrazide 387344-76-5 C15H17N5O4
    5-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid 2-[(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylene]hydrazide
    —— 4-Chloro-6-[1-(ethylamino)ethylidene]-3-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 492471-29-1 C11H14ClNO
    4-Chloro-6-[1-(ethylamino)ethylidene]-3-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (Z)-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-[1,1'-biindenylidene]-6,6'-diol 1374569-37-5 C18H16O2
    (Z)-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-[1,1'-biindenylidene]-6,6'-diol
    —— 2-bromo-3-chloro-5-methyl-hydroquinone 187809-44-5 C7H6BrClO2
    2-bromo-3-chloro-5-methyl-hydroquinone
    —— 2,4-dinitro-phenol; compound with dibutylamine 42824-46-4 C6H4N2O5*C8H19N
    2,4-dinitro-phenol; compound with dibutylamine
    —— N-(2,3:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosyl) [2-hydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methanimine N-oxide 179488-04-1 C26H31NO8
    N-(2,3:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranosyl) [2-hydroxy-4-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]methanimine N-oxide
    —— 1-<4-Thiohydantoinyl>-2-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden>-hydrazin 13096-28-1 C11H14N4O3S
    1-<4-Thiohydantoinyl>-2-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyliden>-hydrazin
    —— 3-<3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-<3-hydroxy-phenyl>-1-phenyl-pyrazolin 10475-09-9 C21H16Br2N2O2
    3-<3,5-Dibrom-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-5-<3-hydroxy-phenyl>-1-phenyl-pyrazolin
    —— 4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-octen-(2) 20125-83-1 C14H20O
    4-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-octen-(2)
    —— 4-(1-Cyclopentyl-butyl)-phenol 19810-27-6 C15H22O
    4-(1-Cyclopentyl-butyl)-phenol
    —— 4,6-dibromo-5-methoxyresorcinol 121869-58-7 C7H6Br2O3
    4,6-dibromo-5-methoxyresorcinol
    —— 2-[(Z)-C-(5-chloro-4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]carbonimidoyl]pyridin-3-ol 162267-40-5 C16H16ClFN2O3
    2-[(Z)-C-(5-chloro-4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]carbonimidoyl]pyridin-3-ol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(1-hydroxyallyl)phenol 1319720-81-4 C9H9ClO2
    4-chloro-2-(1-hydroxyallyl)phenol
    —— bis-(5-methoxysalicylidene)thiocarbohydrazone 97138-92-6 C17H18N4O4S
    bis-(5-methoxysalicylidene)thiocarbohydrazone
    —— N-[5-(2-tert-Butylamino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzyl]-methanesulfonamide 23603-19-2 C14H24N2O4S
    N-[5-(2-tert-Butylamino-1-hydroxy-ethyl)-2-hydroxy-benzyl]-methanesulfonamide
    —— 5-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-(2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-chromen-4-one hydrazone 66780-61-8 C14H13N3O2S
    5-hydroxy-7-methyl-3-(2-methyl-thiazol-4-yl)-chromen-4-one hydrazone
    —— tert-butyl (R)-4-((R)-hydroxy(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate 925703-87-3 C19H29NO7
    tert-butyl (R)-4-((R)-hydroxy(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine-3-carboxylate
    —— (S,S)-N,N'-di(5-chlorosalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine 1412327-22-0 C20H20Cl2N2O2
    (S,S)-N,N'-di(5-chlorosalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine
    —— Tris-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-sulfonium 58109-45-8 C24H27O3S
    Tris-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl)-sulfonium
    —— 2-<(Diethylamino)methyl>-4-butoxyphenol 78525-98-1 C15H25NO2
    2-<(Diethylamino)methyl>-4-butoxyphenol
    —— 2,4-Diiodo-6-{[(E)-2-mercapto-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol 20099-15-4 C9H9I2NOS
    2,4-Diiodo-6-{[(E)-2-mercapto-ethylimino]-methyl}-phenol
    —— N'-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)tetradecanoic acid hydrazide 881664-32-0 C21H34N2O2
    N'-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)tetradecanoic acid hydrazide
    —— 2,6-dihydroxybenzenecarbothioamide 171017-44-0 C7H7NO2S
    2,6-dihydroxybenzenecarbothioamide
    —— dimethyl ((5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)phosphonate 33472-09-2 C9H12BrO5P
    dimethyl ((5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)phosphonate
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)propenone 80378-05-8 C14H13NO2S
    1-(2-Hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)propenone
    —— 4-(5-morpholin-4-yl-penta-1,3-diynyl)-phenol 33834-04-7 C15H15NO2
    4-(5-morpholin-4-yl-penta-1,3-diynyl)-phenol
    —— 5-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N-[2-hydroxyphenylmethylene]-2-(nitroimino)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-amine 1239060-41-3 C16H16ClN7O3
    5-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-N-[2-hydroxyphenylmethylene]-2-(nitroimino)-1,3,5-triazinan-1-amine
    —— chloro-acetic acid salicylidenehydrazide 91366-78-8 C9H9ClN2O2
    chloro-acetic acid salicylidenehydrazide
    —— N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-1,14-tetradecanediamine 1292288-45-9 C24H32N2O6
    N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-1,14-tetradecanediamine
    —— 2,4-diamino-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine 83322-41-2 C13H16N4O3*ClH
    2,4-diamino-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine
    —— 2-Cyclohexyl-4-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl-ONN-azoxy)-phenylazo]-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one 15175-33-4 C23H26N6O3
    2-Cyclohexyl-4-[2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl-ONN-azoxy)-phenylazo]-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
    —— 3,5-Dimethyl-2,6-dipropenylphenol 92863-23-5 C14H18O
    3,5-Dimethyl-2,6-dipropenylphenol
    —— acetovanillone (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone 1168-56-5 C15H14N4O6
    acetovanillone (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone
    —— 2,3,6-Trimethyl-4-[(3-pyridinylimino)methyl]phenol 209549-33-7 C15H16N2O
    2,3,6-Trimethyl-4-[(3-pyridinylimino)methyl]phenol
    —— 3-chloro-7-hydroxybenzo[e][1,2,4]triazine 1-oxide 1247894-68-3 C7H4ClN3O2
    3-chloro-7-hydroxybenzo[e][1,2,4]triazine 1-oxide
    —— 3-((E)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxyphenol 1204773-38-5 C12H12N2O2
    3-((E)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxyphenol
    —— N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide 303085-86-1 C17H18N2O4
    N'-[(E)-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(2-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide
    —— (3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-n-nonylphenyl)pyrazine 126432-76-6 C25H29FN2O
    (3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-n-nonylphenyl)pyrazine
    —— 1260107-37-6 C18H30N2O5
    —— [Cu(N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine-2H)] 149692-92-2 C19H20N2O4*Cu
    [Cu(N,N'-bis(3-hydroxysalicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine-2H)]
    —— N-(α-methylsalicylidene)dipropylenetriamine 879282-60-7 C14H23N3O
    N-(α-methylsalicylidene)dipropylenetriamine
    —— 2-(4-(heptylthio)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutylamine 129658-35-1 C19H33NO2S
    2-(4-(heptylthio)-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutylamine
    —— 2-t-butyl-4-[(4-aminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol 1230389-22-6 C19H27NO2Si
    2-t-butyl-4-[(4-aminophenyldimethylsilyl)methyloxy]phenol
    —— 6,6'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dinitro-3,3'-(2,2,2-trichloro-ethylidene)-bis-benzenesulfonic acid 108541-90-8 C14H9Cl3N2O12S2
    6,6'-dihydroxy-5,5'-dinitro-3,3'-(2,2,2-trichloro-ethylidene)-bis-benzenesulfonic acid
    —— 1392488-19-5 C6H5O*C6H6O*C8H20N
    —— 1-Benzyloxy-3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-5,6-trimethylen-pyridon-(2) 19731-73-8 C22H21NO3
    1-Benzyloxy-3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-5,6-trimethylen-pyridon-(2)