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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4,5-didecylbenzene-1,2-diol 919800-84-3 C26H46O2
    4,5-didecylbenzene-1,2-diol
    —— 1-amino-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylphosphonic acid 54627-43-9 C8H12NO5P
    1-amino-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylphosphonic acid
    —— pulicatin B 1257057-13-8 C11H13NO2S
    pulicatin B
    —— 4-chloro-2-<(E)-6',7'-dihydroxy-3',7'-dimethyl-2'-octenyl>orcinol-6',7'-acetonide 83324-72-5 C20H29ClO4
    4-chloro-2-<(E)-6',7'-dihydroxy-3',7'-dimethyl-2'-octenyl>orcinol-6',7'-acetonide
    —— 2,3,4,5-Tetramethyl-6-nitrophenol 62622-63-3 C10H13NO3
    2,3,4,5-Tetramethyl-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-(2-Aminoethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenol 61177-92-2 C10H15NO3
    2-(2-Aminoethyl)-4,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— o-<1-(N-methylamino)ethyl>phenol 60399-05-5 C9H13NO
    o-<1-(N-methylamino)ethyl>phenol
    —— 6-[1-(methylamino)ethylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 875-54-7 C9H11NO
    6-[1-(methylamino)ethylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-(3-Chlor-2-hydroxyphenyl)pentan 65565-62-0 C11H15ClO
    2-(3-Chlor-2-hydroxyphenyl)pentan
    —— 2-(3-Chlor-4-hydroxyphenyl)pentan 63762-54-9 C11H15ClO
    2-(3-Chlor-4-hydroxyphenyl)pentan
    —— 4-(Dimethylamino)-2,6-dimethylphenol;hydrochloride 27982-26-9 C10H16ClNO
    4-(Dimethylamino)-2,6-dimethylphenol;hydrochloride
    —— 3,4,6-Trimethyl-2-nitro-phenol 79755-27-4 C9H11NO3
    3,4,6-Trimethyl-2-nitro-phenol
    —— N-[2-(2-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-benzamide 61177-94-4 C17H19NO4
    N-[2-(2-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-benzamide
    —— 2,6-bis<(bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)amino)methyl>phenol 142206-18-6 C32H44N10O
    2,6-bis<(bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)amino)methyl>phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-methylthiomethylphenol 33319-93-6 C8H9ClOS
    4-chloro-2-methylthiomethylphenol
    —— 5-S-lipoylhydroxytyrosol 1417424-30-6 C16H24O5S2
    5-S-lipoylhydroxytyrosol
    —— chlorhydrate de methyl-5 orthoaminophenol-1,2 56549-04-3 C7H9NO*ClH
    chlorhydrate de methyl-5 orthoaminophenol-1,2
    —— 2-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide 61395-20-8 Br*C13H10NO3
    2-(2,3-dihydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide
    —— 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide 61395-26-4 Br*C13H9ClNO2
    2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide
    —— 4-methyl-2-(2'-methyl-1'-propenyl)phenol 25711-84-6 C11H14O
    4-methyl-2-(2'-methyl-1'-propenyl)phenol
    —— 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide 61395-21-9 Br*C14H12NO2
    2-(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide
    —— 2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide 61395-24-2 Br*C13H10NO4
    2-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetratert-butyl-26,28-bis(2-phenylethynyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,27-diol 868840-71-5 C60H64O2
    5,11,17,23-Tetratert-butyl-26,28-bis(2-phenylethynyl)pentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,27-diol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide 61395-25-3 Br*C13H10NO2
    2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-isoxazolo[2,3-<i>a</i>]pyridinylium; bromide
    —— 5-chlorosalicylidene-p-fluoroanil 111870-35-0 C13H9ClFNO
    5-chlorosalicylidene-p-fluoroanil
    —— 2-{[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino]methyl}-4-nitrophenol 1234702-03-4 C11H15N3O4
    2-{[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino]methyl}-4-nitrophenol
    —— 26,28-Diamino-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,27-diol 141081-99-4 C44H58N2O2
    26,28-Diamino-5,11,17,23-tetratert-butylpentacyclo[19.3.1.13,7.19,13.115,19]octacosa-1(24),3,5,7(28),9,11,13(27),15(26),16,18,21(25),22-dodecaene-25,27-diol
    —— (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-isopropyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 1393580-81-8 C20H19N3O5
    (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-isopropyl-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— m-hydroxytoluene-α-thiol 76106-64-4 C7H8OS
    m-hydroxytoluene-α-thiol
    —— ethyl 2-[(6E)-6-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexen-1-yl]acetate 143661-21-6 C17H20O3
    ethyl 2-[(6E)-6-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclohexen-1-yl]acetate
    —— (+)-isoproterenol 51080-01-4 C11H17NO3*H
    (+)-isoproterenol
    —— Phenol, 4,4a(2)-dithiobis[3,5-dimethyl- 71519-01-2 C16H18O2S2
    Phenol, 4,4a(2)-dithiobis[3,5-dimethyl-
    —— 2-Amino-3-cyano-4-methyl-5-p-hydroxybenzylpyrrol 63499-86-5 C13H13N3O
    2-Amino-3-cyano-4-methyl-5-p-hydroxybenzylpyrrol
    —— 4-(3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-yl)-phenol 30403-83-9 C17H19NO2
    4-(3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-oxazolidin-2-yl)-phenol
    —— 2-allyl-1-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene 58621-42-4 C9H9NO3
    2-allyl-1-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzene
    —— 4-allyl-3-hydroxy-1-nitrobenzene 58621-43-5 C9H9NO3
    4-allyl-3-hydroxy-1-nitrobenzene
    —— 2-<3-hydroxy-2-(phenylthio)propyl>-6-nitrophenol 126708-17-6 C15H15NO4S
    2-<3-hydroxy-2-(phenylthio)propyl>-6-nitrophenol
    —— 2-<2-hydroxy-3-(phenylthio)propyl>-6-nitrophenol 126708-07-4 C15H15NO4S
    2-<2-hydroxy-3-(phenylthio)propyl>-6-nitrophenol
    —— 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyronitrile 107223-68-7 C10H11NO
    4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butyronitrile
    —— methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate-benzylimide 291313-34-3 C17H19NO2
    methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate-benzylimide
    —— 2,2'-methylenedioxybis<(S)-N-isopropyl-3-p-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxypropylamine> 104450-91-1 C31H50N2O6
    2,2'-methylenedioxybis<(S)-N-isopropyl-3-p-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxypropylamine>
    —— 1-(Benzylamino)-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol 691841-17-5 C19H25NO3
    1-(Benzylamino)-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol
    —— 2-(3-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl)phenol 61073-14-1 C10H14O2
    2-(3-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl)phenol
    —— (S)-1-chloro-3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol 144449-77-4 C12H17ClO3
    (S)-1-chloro-3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol
    —— 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-(methoxymethoxy)benzene 1307311-57-4 C11H16O3
    1-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-(methoxymethoxy)benzene
    —— (S)-1,1-difluoro-1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenyl]oxy-3-nitropropan-2-ol 192575-81-8 C12H15F2NO5
    (S)-1,1-difluoro-1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenyl]oxy-3-nitropropan-2-ol
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol 1236110-90-9 C14H22O4S
    1-(2-Hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol
    —— 2,2-Difluoro-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]acetaldehyde 185758-10-5 C11H12F2O3
    2,2-Difluoro-2-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]acetaldehyde
    —— 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfanyl-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol 934538-09-7 C18H21ClO3S
    1-(4-Chlorophenyl)sulfanyl-3-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-ol
    —— 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-trans-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester —— C12H14O3
    2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-trans-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester