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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-<5-(3-Pyridyl)-furfurylideneamino>-4-chlorophenol 57629-63-7 C16H11ClN2O2
    2-<5-(3-Pyridyl)-furfurylideneamino>-4-chlorophenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-1,3-xylyl-33-crown-10 116748-83-5 C26H44O11
    2-hydroxy-1,3-xylyl-33-crown-10
    —— N′-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzohydrazide 1638132-15-6 C16H16N2O5
    N′-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylidene)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzohydrazide
    —— 4,6-dichloro-N-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide 679797-73-0 C10H8Cl2N2O4
    4,6-dichloro-N-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy-2-nitrobenzamide
    —— 2-(1-aminoethyl)-6-methylphenol 123982-77-4 C9H13NO
    2-(1-aminoethyl)-6-methylphenol
    —— 4-(2-iodoethoxy)phenol 944248-36-6 C8H9IO2
    4-(2-iodoethoxy)phenol
    —— 2-hydroxy-N,N,N'-trimethyl-3-nitrobenzenecarboximidamide 512190-98-6 C10H13N3O3
    2-hydroxy-N,N,N'-trimethyl-3-nitrobenzenecarboximidamide
    —— 2-[2-(3-{[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]methyl}phenyl)ethoxy]tetrahydro-2H-pyran 851859-43-3 C23H30O4
    2-[2-(3-{[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]methyl}phenyl)ethoxy]tetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— 2,4-dibromo-5-methoxy-3-methylphenol 34132-33-7 C8H8Br2O2
    2,4-dibromo-5-methoxy-3-methylphenol
    —— 4-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioic acid (4-methoxy-phenyl)-amide 132577-48-1 C20H19N3O4S
    4-[1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-pyrazole-1-carbothioic acid (4-methoxy-phenyl)-amide
    —— 4-Chloro-2-[(1-methyl-2-propynoxyimino)methyl]-phenol 103743-10-8 C11H10ClNO2
    4-Chloro-2-[(1-methyl-2-propynoxyimino)methyl]-phenol
    —— <8>(2,4)Phloroglucinophan 83436-40-2 C14H20O3
    <8>(2,4)Phloroglucinophan
    —— 2,6-dichloro-4-(3-(4-((methyl(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191248-70-0 C24H21Cl2N5O2
    2,6-dichloro-4-(3-(4-((methyl(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— 3-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide 1235578-10-5 C15H12ClN3O4
    3-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 1,6-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2,5-diaza-1,5-heptadiene 865700-31-8 C19H22N2O2
    1,6-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2,5-diaza-1,5-heptadiene
    —— 4-[4-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol 926251-43-6 C11H10ClNO2S
    4-[4-(Chloromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-acetophenon-ethylendiamin-anil 55605-52-2 C11H16N2O
    2-Hydroxy-5-methyl-acetophenon-ethylendiamin-anil
    —— 2-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenol 103205-28-3 C10H11NO2S
    2-(4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)-4-methoxyphenol
    —— N'-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzylidene)-4-methoxybenzohydrazide 1429254-90-9 C15H14N2O5
    N'-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzylidene)-4-methoxybenzohydrazide
    —— 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)phenyl]benzenethanamide 478401-52-4 C23H29NO3
    4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-[3-(2-cyclohexylethyl)phenyl]benzenethanamide
    —— (Z)-diethyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate 407583-24-8 C18H24N3O6P
    (Z)-diethyl α-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-[N-(2-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-vinylphosphonate
    —— 4-benzo[1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-2-ylamino-phenol 27595-16-0 C12H10NO3P
    4-benzo[1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-2-ylamino-phenol
    —— 3-Chlor-4,5-dimethoxyphenol 89981-66-8 C8H9ClO3
    3-Chlor-4,5-dimethoxyphenol
    —— dicyclopentadienylantimony(III) phloroglucinoxide 92922-86-6 C16H15O3Sb
    dicyclopentadienylantimony(III) phloroglucinoxide
    —— 192862-31-0 C22H25N5O5
    —— 2,6-dichloro-4-(3-(4-((methyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol 1191247-92-3 C24H21Cl2N5O2
    2,6-dichloro-4-(3-(4-((methyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)benzyloxy)-1,2,4-triazin-6-yl)phenol
    —— diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(5-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate 407583-55-5 C18H26N3O5P
    diethyl α-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-β-[N-(5-pyrimidinyl)-amino]-ethylphosphonate
    —— N,N'-methylene-bis(salicylideneamine) 3923-68-0 C15H14N2O2
    N,N'-methylene-bis(salicylideneamine)
    —— 3-Hydroxy-5-[5-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-6-methoxy-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-thiophene-2-carbonitrile 916985-26-7 C16H15N3O4S
    3-Hydroxy-5-[5-(3-hydroxy-propoxy)-6-methoxy-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-thiophene-2-carbonitrile
    —— 4-((2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienyl)-2-methyl-phenol 3280-53-3 C13H16O
    4-((2E,4E)-Hexa-2,4-dienyl)-2-methyl-phenol
    —— 1<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>-dimethyl-1<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>2</sup>-dihydroxy-1(1,3),5(1,3)-dibenzene-3(1,4),7(1,4)-di-1,4,7-triazacyclononane 934559-77-0 C30H46N6O2
    1<sup>4</sup>,5<sup>4</sup>-dimethyl-1<sup>5</sup>,5<sup>2</sup>-dihydroxy-1(1,3),5(1,3)-dibenzene-3(1,4),7(1,4)-di-1,4,7-triazacyclononane
    —— di-t-butyl(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphonate 136829-80-6 C16H27O6P
    di-t-butyl(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphonate
    —— 2-[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-butyramidine 95065-42-2 C11H14N2O
    2-[1-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-butyramidine
    —— 3-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide 1095836-31-9 C16H15ClN2O3
    3-chloro-N-[1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]benzamide
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-ethanone oxime 111249-31-1 C9H11NO3
    1-(2-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-methoxy-ethanone oxime
    —— 1-(4-Chloro-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethanone oxime 90346-62-6 C9H10ClNO3
    1-(4-Chloro-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethanone oxime
    —— 95430-79-8 C23H24N4O3
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(2,4,6-trichloro-3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-bis-acetamide 99854-56-5 C11H11Cl3N2O3
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>'-(2,4,6-trichloro-3-hydroxy-benzylidene)-bis-acetamide
    —— 2-Chlorbenzoesaeure-5-nitrosalicyliden-hydrazon 41377-61-1 C14H10ClN3O4
    2-Chlorbenzoesaeure-5-nitrosalicyliden-hydrazon
    —— 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-hydroxybenzene 19220-32-7 C9H7N3OS
    1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-hydroxybenzene
    —— 4-Butyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorphenol 52144-73-7 C10H10F4O
    4-Butyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorphenol
    —— N-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)-ethyl]-N-propyl-dopamine hydrochloride 124211-15-0 C19H23Cl2NO3*ClH
    N-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenoxy)-ethyl]-N-propyl-dopamine hydrochloride
    —— 2-Bromo-4-[(2-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol 1354789-37-9 C14H12BrNO
    2-Bromo-4-[(2-methylphenyl)iminomethyl]phenol
    —— 2,4,6-Trichlor-3,5-diethylphenol 51202-02-9 C10H11Cl3O
    2,4,6-Trichlor-3,5-diethylphenol
    —— 2-Tert-butyl-4-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)phenol 117516-67-3 C16H26O4
    2-Tert-butyl-4-(2,2-diethoxyethoxy)phenol
    —— ethyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-ammonium; bromide 108848-23-3 Br*C12H20NO2
    ethyl-[2-(4-hydroxy-phenoxy)-ethyl]-dimethyl-ammonium; bromide
    —— 2-n-Octyl-5-n-pentyl-hydrochinon 102709-82-0 C19H32O2
    2-n-Octyl-5-n-pentyl-hydrochinon
    —— 97035-14-8 C15H15NO3S
    —— 1292799-30-4 C15H23NO4S
    —— 4-{1-Hydroxy-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-2-methanesulfinyl-phenol 86245-18-3 C20H27NO6S
    4-{1-Hydroxy-2-[2-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-ethylamino]-ethyl}-2-methanesulfinyl-phenol