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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 1,3-di-p-tolyl-5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazoline 76455-66-8 C24H24N2O2
    1,3-di-p-tolyl-5-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazoline
    —— N-(2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-mercaptoacetamide 169476-78-2 C11H14N2O2S
    N-(2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-mercaptoacetamide
    —— 2-[1-(5-Ethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-phenol 41603-21-8 C15H17NO
    2-[1-(5-Ethyl-pyridin-2-yl)-ethyl]-phenol
    —— 4-[2-Ethyl-but-(E)-ylideneamino]-2,3,5-trimethyl-phenol 2830-69-5 C15H23NO
    4-[2-Ethyl-but-(E)-ylideneamino]-2,3,5-trimethyl-phenol
    —— 4,4'-Dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-3,3'-di-n-propylbiphenyl 17189-99-0 C20H26O4
    4,4'-Dihydroxy-5,5'-dimethoxy-3,3'-di-n-propylbiphenyl
    —— 6-[[(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 59129-92-9 C13H12N2O
    6-[[(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]methylidene]cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-fluoro-4-allylphenol 1065470-16-7 C9H9FO
    2-fluoro-4-allylphenol
    —— 2-(2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-one 1204429-65-1 C10H8FN3O2S
    2-(2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazol-4(5H)-one
    —— hydrochloride of 1-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidenamino)guanidine 184943-23-5 C8H11N5O2*ClH
    hydrochloride of 1-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidenamino)guanidine
    —— 5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27-trihydroxycalix<4>arene 131276-09-0 C44H56O3
    5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27-trihydroxycalix<4>arene
    —— 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-butadienylamine 131815-63-9 C11H13NO
    2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-butadienylamine
    —— 2-chloro-4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol 957127-58-1 C11H13ClOSi
    2-chloro-4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)phenol
    —— 3-Methyl-2,4,5,6,-tetrafluor-phenol 54835-46-0 C7H4F4O
    3-Methyl-2,4,5,6,-tetrafluor-phenol
    —— (4S,5R)-4trans-Aminocarbonyl-4-methyl-5ref-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidinon-(2) 16062-32-1 C11H12N2O4
    (4S,5R)-4trans-Aminocarbonyl-4-methyl-5ref-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-oxazolidinon-(2)
    —— N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-[3-[2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl]-3-oxopropyl]sulfanylpropanamide 7460-48-2 C22H26N4O4S
    N-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylideneamino]-3-[3-[2-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]hydrazinyl]-3-oxopropyl]sulfanylpropanamide
    —— 2-Chlor-3-hydroxy-α-(tert-butylaminomethyl)-benzylalkohol, Oxalat 58020-42-1 C2H2O4*C12H18ClNO2
    2-Chlor-3-hydroxy-α-(tert-butylaminomethyl)-benzylalkohol, Oxalat
    —— Methyl <3,5,6-(2)H3>pyrocatechol 177961-95-4 C7H8O2
    Methyl <3,5,6-(2)H3>pyrocatechol
    —— 2-Methoxy-4-methyl-3-propyl-phenol 110030-27-8 C11H16O2
    2-Methoxy-4-methyl-3-propyl-phenol
    —— 2-Methyl-4-(tricyano-vinyl)-phenol 94783-41-2 C12H7N3O
    2-Methyl-4-(tricyano-vinyl)-phenol
    —— (4R)-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-butan-2-one 1162642-07-0 C10H11ClO3
    (4R)-4-(5-chloro-2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-hydroxy-butan-2-one
    —— 2-isocyanophenol 40854-03-3 C7H5NO
    2-isocyanophenol
    —— 2-allyl-5-bromo-4-methoxyphenol 74097-29-3 C10H11BrO2
    2-allyl-5-bromo-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-(1,4-dihydroxybenzene)butyl phosphonic acid diethyl ester 854523-73-2 C14H23O5P
    2-(1,4-dihydroxybenzene)butyl phosphonic acid diethyl ester
    —— 2-(3-pyridylmethyliminomethyl)phenol 58199-72-7 C13H12N2O
    2-(3-pyridylmethyliminomethyl)phenol
    —— 2-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-5-<3-chlor-5-fluor-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclohex-5-en-1-on 3979-18-8 C22H20ClFO6
    2-Ethoxycarbonyl-3-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-5-<3-chlor-5-fluor-2-hydroxy-phenyl>-cyclohex-5-en-1-on
    —— 5-(5-Chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-uracil 17187-52-9 C11H9ClN2O3
    5-(5-Chlor-2-hydroxy-benzyl)-uracil
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,6-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenol 1313193-67-7 C21H20O4
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-4,6-bis(phenylmethoxy)phenol
    —— 4-(1-Methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-phenol 130407-11-3 C13H17NO
    4-(1-Methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-phenol
    —— 4-{[(3-Amino-propyl)-propyl-amino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol 874813-68-0 C14H24N2O2
    4-{[(3-Amino-propyl)-propyl-amino]-methyl}-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— (S)-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione 1257082-84-0 C13H13NO4
    (S)-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-(1-hydroxyethylidene)pyrrolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 5-methoxysalicylaldehyde azine 51324-49-3 C16H16N2O4
    5-methoxysalicylaldehyde azine
    —— 2-(((1-(furan-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol 1027629-84-0 C13H12N2O2
    2-(((1-(furan-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazineylidene)methyl)phenol
    —— 1,7-bis(2-hydroxy-3-(bis(2-pyridyl)methoxymethyl)benzene)-2,6-diene-2,6-diazaheptane 342889-01-4 C41H38N6O4
    1,7-bis(2-hydroxy-3-(bis(2-pyridyl)methoxymethyl)benzene)-2,6-diene-2,6-diazaheptane
    —— 2-chloro-4-nitro-6-thiazol-4-ylmethyleneamino-phenol 27354-86-5 C10H6ClN3O3S
    2-chloro-4-nitro-6-thiazol-4-ylmethyleneamino-phenol
    —— Trimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-chlor-phenyl)ammonium-jodid 109966-98-5 C9H13ClNO*I
    Trimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-chlor-phenyl)ammonium-jodid
    —— 5-hydroxy-4-iodo[2.2]paracyclophane 725234-04-8 C16H15IO
    5-hydroxy-4-iodo[2.2]paracyclophane
    —— 2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-(2-thienyl)benzaldehyde 1093118-56-9 C12H10O3S
    2-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-(2-thienyl)benzaldehyde
    —— N-(1,2-dimethyl-2-benzoxyethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)urea 201043-91-6 C18H21N3O5
    N-(1,2-dimethyl-2-benzoxyethyl)-N'-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)urea
    —— methyl-3-{5-[4-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)butyl]-2-hydroxyphenyl}propanoate 197708-01-3 C17H25NO4
    methyl-3-{5-[4-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)butyl]-2-hydroxyphenyl}propanoate
    —— 1-(1-Adamantyl)-3-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 32403-37-5 C18H21Br2N3OS
    1-(1-Adamantyl)-3-[(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 4-[[(4,5-Diphenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol 5852-82-4 C23H19N3O2S
    4-[[(4,5-Diphenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (1S,2S)-2-Dimethylamino-1-(4-{[1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-phenyl)-propane-1,3-diol 111650-37-4 C18H22N2O3
    (1S,2S)-2-Dimethylamino-1-(4-{[1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-amino}-phenyl)-propane-1,3-diol
    —— 2-[1-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-nitro-ethyl]-malonic acid dimethyl ester 6722-76-5 C14H16BrNO8
    2-[1-(3-Bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-nitro-ethyl]-malonic acid dimethyl ester
    —— N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-acetamide 148234-90-6 C17H19NO5
    N-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl-acetamide
    —— 4-(5-iodo-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol 1246372-47-3 C12H10IN3O2S
    4-(5-iodo-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol
    —— (E)-4-methyl-2-[(3-methyl)-3-pentenyl]phenol 1383252-99-0 C13H18O
    (E)-4-methyl-2-[(3-methyl)-3-pentenyl]phenol
    —— 1,1,1-tris(2-hydroxybenzylideneaminomethyl)propane 54473-25-5 C27H29N3O3
    1,1,1-tris(2-hydroxybenzylideneaminomethyl)propane
    —— N-Bromacetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamin 54738-24-8 C12H16BrNO4
    N-Bromacetyl-3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylamin
    —— N,N-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-anilin 50853-65-1 C9H13NO
    N,N-Dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-anilin
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-isopropylamino-erythro-propanolhydrochlorid 21068-27-9 C13H21NO3*ClH
    1-(2-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-2-isopropylamino-erythro-propanolhydrochlorid