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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-{3-[(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-methyl-amino]-butyl}-phenol 112403-54-0 C14H23NO2
    4-{3-[(3-Hydroxy-propyl)-methyl-amino]-butyl}-phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-methylphenol 2088367-38-6 C13H15ClO
    4-chloro-2-(cyclohexen-1-yl)-5-methylphenol
    —— 1-<5-Chlor-3-methyl-benzofuran-2-yl>-3-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-propenon-semicarbazon 10470-93-6 C20H18ClN3O4
    1-<5-Chlor-3-methyl-benzofuran-2-yl>-3-<4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl>-propenon-semicarbazon
    —— trithioarsenous acid tris-(4-hydroxy-phenyl ester) 109697-21-4 C18H15AsO3S3
    trithioarsenous acid tris-(4-hydroxy-phenyl ester)
    —— 17646-44-5 C15H12N4OS
    —— 5-(1-heptylcyclobutyl)resorcinol 951039-78-4 C17H26O2
    5-(1-heptylcyclobutyl)resorcinol
    —— 3.5-Dibrom-4'-chlorthionosalicylsaeureanilid 23594-06-1 C13H8Br2ClNOS
    3.5-Dibrom-4'-chlorthionosalicylsaeureanilid
    —— 4-Isopropylsulfanyl-3-nitro-phenol 776-80-7 C9H11NO3S
    4-Isopropylsulfanyl-3-nitro-phenol
    —— 1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide 5779-21-5 C24H25N3O6
    1-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethyl]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid [1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-meth-(E)-ylidene]-hydrazide
    —— salicylidene-2-phenylthiourea 61022-63-7 C14H12N2OS
    salicylidene-2-phenylthiourea
    —— 1-(1-Adamantyl)-3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea 32403-34-2 C18H22ClN3OS
    1-(1-Adamantyl)-3-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]thiourea
    —— 1-[1-(2,4-Dinitro-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-ylazo]-naphthalen-2-ol 75581-23-6 C19H14N6O5
    1-[1-(2,4-Dinitro-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-ylazo]-naphthalen-2-ol
    —— α-cyano-β-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thioacrylamide 86273-68-9 C10H8N2OS
    α-cyano-β-(2-hydroxyphenyl)thioacrylamide
    —— 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl methanesulfonate 1009068-68-1 C9H12O4S
    2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl methanesulfonate
    —— 2-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-N-heptylhydrazine-1-carboximidothioic acid 6623-75-2 C15H22ClN3OS
    2-[(5-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-N-heptylhydrazine-1-carboximidothioic acid
    —— 2-(((2-((1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino)phenyl)imino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol 1246564-96-4 C21H17N3O4
    2-(((2-((1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino)phenyl)imino)methyl)-4-nitrophenol
    —— (R)-N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide 918885-51-5 C11H17NO2S
    (R)-N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide
    —— 5-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-nitrophenol 71278-12-1 C9H11NO3
    5-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-nitrophenol
    —— 4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1]isoquinolylmethyl)-phenol 806596-93-0 C16H17NO
    4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1]isoquinolylmethyl)-phenol
    —— 4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylene]-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one 339020-79-0 C10H8ClN3O2
    4-[(5-chloro-2-hydroxyanilino)methylene]-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-pyridin-4-yl-propionyl)-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one 871905-25-8 C41H52N4O8Si
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-1-(3-pyridin-4-yl-propionyl)-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-(3-furan-2-yl-propionyl)-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one 871905-27-0 C40H51N3O9Si
    (5R,6R)-5-Benzyl-1-(3-furan-2-yl-propionyl)-2,4-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzyl)-6-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethoxy)-[1,2,4]triazepan-3-one
    —— 6-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-(5-chlor-salicylidenhydrazino)-pyrimidin 91762-63-9 C13H13ClN4O2
    6-Methoxy-4-methyl-2-(5-chlor-salicylidenhydrazino)-pyrimidin
    —— 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-<i>trans</i>-styryl)-2,5-dimethyl-isoxazolium; iodide 111471-22-8 C14H16NO3*I
    3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-<i>trans</i>-styryl)-2,5-dimethyl-isoxazolium; iodide
    —— 3-furan-2-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-propenone 91804-43-2 C13H9NO5
    3-furan-2-yl-1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitro-phenyl)-propenone
    —— ((N,N'-1,3-propylene bis(o-hydroxyacetophenoneiminato))(N,N'-1,3-propylene bis(o-hydroxyacetophenoneimino)))neodymium 74909-37-8 C38H41N4NdO4
    ((N,N'-1,3-propylene bis(o-hydroxyacetophenoneiminato))(N,N'-1,3-propylene bis(o-hydroxyacetophenoneimino)))neodymium
    —— 4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1,1dimethylethyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile 1033770-27-2 C18H18ClN3O
    4-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1,1dimethylethyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
    —— 6-Methoxy-2-(2-hydroxy-α-methyl-benzylidenhydrazino)-pyrimidin 92023-93-3 C13H14N4O2
    6-Methoxy-2-(2-hydroxy-α-methyl-benzylidenhydrazino)-pyrimidin
    —— 4-Nitro-2-<4-chlor-benzylidenamino>-phenol 64073-90-1 C13H9ClN2O3
    4-Nitro-2-<4-chlor-benzylidenamino>-phenol
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methylpentane-2,3-diol 642470-62-0 C13H19BrO3
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-methylpentane-2,3-diol
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-3,5-dinitro-benzene-1,4-diol 32152-10-6 C8H8N2O6
    2,6-Dimethyl-3,5-dinitro-benzene-1,4-diol
    —— 2-(2,4-Dimethyl-phenyl)-1,3-diisopropyl-isourea; compound with picric acid 87931-24-6 C6H3N3O7*C15H24N2O
    2-(2,4-Dimethyl-phenyl)-1,3-diisopropyl-isourea; compound with picric acid
    —— <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine; picrate 78576-97-3 C6H3N3O7*C8H12N2
    <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-<i>p</i>-phenylenediamine; picrate
    —— p-hexylcalix<6>arene 117397-61-2 C78H108O6
    p-hexylcalix<6>arene
    —— 4-Methyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-isoxazolyl]phenol 511528-93-1 C11H8F3NO2
    4-Methyl-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5-isoxazolyl]phenol
    —— 1-{3-(N-methylamino)propyl}-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine 137908-50-0 C15H22N2O
    1-{3-(N-methylamino)propyl}-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine
    —— 3-(3.5-Dichlor-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-phenyl)-1-cyan-buten-(2) 14565-25-4 C12H11Cl2NO
    3-(3.5-Dichlor-2-hydroxy-6-methyl-phenyl)-1-cyan-buten-(2)
    —— N-(2,4-dinitrophenylthio)-2-phenylsulfonyl-4-aminophenol 84452-52-8 C18H13N3O7S2
    N-(2,4-dinitrophenylthio)-2-phenylsulfonyl-4-aminophenol
    —— 2-<2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl>-4-methyl-furan-3-carbonsaeure 14741-96-9 C13H12O5
    2-<2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl>-4-methyl-furan-3-carbonsaeure
    —— 2-(Hydrazino-hydroxy-methoxy-methyl)-4-nitro-phenol 2885-26-9 C8H11N3O5
    2-(Hydrazino-hydroxy-methoxy-methyl)-4-nitro-phenol
    —— 5-Chloro-1-(2-chloro-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-pyridin-2-one 19565-30-1 C11H7Cl2NO2
    5-Chloro-1-(2-chloro-phenyl)-3-hydroxy-1H-pyridin-2-one
    —— 17646-46-7 C14H9BrN4OS
    —— 5-[(2,4-Diaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol 83158-00-3 C12H14N4O3
    5-[(2,4-Diaminopyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methoxybenzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-(5-dodecylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenol 1403575-02-9 C22H32N2O
    3-(5-dodecylpyrimidin-2-yl)phenol
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-butyronitrile 18782-19-9 C11H13NO
    3-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-butyronitrile
    —— 6-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-hexanenitrile 40232-76-6 C12H15NO2
    6-(4-Hydroxy-phenoxy)-hexanenitrile
    —— 2,5-Bis-{[bis-(2-cyano-aethyl)-amino]-methyl}-hydrochinon 106423-98-7 C20H24N6O2
    2,5-Bis-{[bis-(2-cyano-aethyl)-amino]-methyl}-hydrochinon
    —— 4-(2,3-dimethyl-indol-1-ylmethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol 62674-38-8 C18H19NO2
    4-(2,3-dimethyl-indol-1-ylmethyl)-2-methoxy-phenol
    —— N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-ethylamin 26303-17-3 C11H17NO2
    N-(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenethyl)-ethylamin
    —— N-(1-pyrrolyl)salicylaldimine 181263-64-9 C11H10N2O
    N-(1-pyrrolyl)salicylaldimine