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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— sodium salt of 2,3-dimethoxy-6-(3-methoxycarbonylpropyl)-5-methylhydroquinone 4-sulfate 95233-54-8 C14H19O9S*Na
    sodium salt of 2,3-dimethoxy-6-(3-methoxycarbonylpropyl)-5-methylhydroquinone 4-sulfate
    —— 1-n-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-Δ2-imidazolin 86840-83-7 C13H17N3O3
    1-n-Butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)-Δ2-imidazolin
    —— 85317-89-1 C14H12MoN2O8
    —— 3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-propionitrile 61102-04-3 C11H13NOS
    3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-propionitrile
    —— 6-Cyclopropylmethyl-2,3-dimethyl-phenol 36161-16-7 C12H16O
    6-Cyclopropylmethyl-2,3-dimethyl-phenol
    —— (4-[(5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)hydrazonomethyl])benzene-1,3-diol 307340-93-8 C13H10F3N3O2
    (4-[(5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yl)hydrazonomethyl])benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 4-{2-[(furan-3-ylmethylene)-amino]-ethyl}-phenol 510714-47-3 C13H13NO2
    4-{2-[(furan-3-ylmethylene)-amino]-ethyl}-phenol
    —— 2-[[(3-Hydroxycyclohexyl)amino]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol 1157834-77-9 C14H21NO3
    2-[[(3-Hydroxycyclohexyl)amino]methyl]-4-methoxyphenol
    —— 1326716-43-1 C70H84N6O24
    —— 2,4,6-Tris-dimethylaminomethyl-benzene-1,3,5-triol 7366-60-1 C15H27N3O3
    2,4,6-Tris-dimethylaminomethyl-benzene-1,3,5-triol
    —— 5-Methyl-2-phenyl-4-[(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazol-3-one 41614-70-4 C17H14N2O4
    5-Methyl-2-phenyl-4-[(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]pyrazol-3-one
    —— 2,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-5,5'-dinitro-3,3'-sulfanediyl-di-benzoic acid 857761-69-4 C14H8N2O12S
    2,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-5,5'-dinitro-3,3'-sulfanediyl-di-benzoic acid
    —— 5-nitrosalicylidene-p-aminoacetophenone oxime 869660-20-8 C15H13N3O4
    5-nitrosalicylidene-p-aminoacetophenone oxime
    —— 1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propane-1,3-disulfonic acid 65401-77-6 C10H14O9S2
    1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propane-1,3-disulfonic acid
    —— N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-[4-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-4-oxobutyl]sulfanylbutanamide 6325-13-9 C22H26N4O4S
    N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]-4-[4-[2-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazinyl]-4-oxobutyl]sulfanylbutanamide
    —— (3-{[Cyano-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-amino}-propylamino)-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile 106425-04-1 C19H20N4O2
    (3-{[Cyano-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-methyl]-amino}-propylamino)-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile
    —— 5-{[2-(1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)ethylamino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol 363132-87-0 C18H25NO2S2
    5-{[2-(1,4-dithiaspiro[4.5]dec-7-en-8-yl)ethylamino]methyl}-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 2-[5,5-Dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol 61683-82-7 C15H22O3
    2-[5,5-Dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-dioxan-2-yl]phenol
    —— 1390619-70-1 C15H13Cl2NO
    —— (Z)-4-methyl-2-[(3-methyl)-3-pentenyl]phenol 1383253-07-3 C13H18O
    (Z)-4-methyl-2-[(3-methyl)-3-pentenyl]phenol
    —— 84912-12-9 C16H12ClN5NaO7S
    —— 2,5-dihydroxy-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzylideneamine 285116-56-5 C14H14N2O2
    2,5-dihydroxy-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)benzylideneamine
    —— mercapto-iso-butyl-iminomethyl phenol 351414-54-5 C11H15NOS
    mercapto-iso-butyl-iminomethyl phenol
    —— 3-Allylsulfanyl-4-methyl-phenol 49829-03-0 C10H12OS
    3-Allylsulfanyl-4-methyl-phenol
    —— 5-Iodmethyl-o-vanillin 2973-68-4 C9H9IO3
    5-Iodmethyl-o-vanillin
    —— 4-Chloro-3-(N-ethyl-hydrazinomethyl)-phenol 94733-81-0 C9H13ClN2O
    4-Chloro-3-(N-ethyl-hydrazinomethyl)-phenol
    —— 2-Methoxy-5-tert.-butylhydrochinon 1947-05-3 C11H16O3
    2-Methoxy-5-tert.-butylhydrochinon
    —— 15295-59-7 C12H6N4O12S
    —— tBu-delta-PLH-2-OH-5-OMe*TFA 714273-15-1 C2HF3O2*C20H22N4O4
    tBu-delta-PLH-2-OH-5-OMe*TFA
    —— 2-Diaethylaminomethyl-6-methoxy-4-acetamino-phenol 14015-28-2 C14H22N2O3
    2-Diaethylaminomethyl-6-methoxy-4-acetamino-phenol
    —— 1459803-39-4 C18H23N3O3S*ClH
    —— 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxytricyclo<3.3.1.1>decane 93085-31-5 C16H20O2
    2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxytricyclo<3.3.1.1>decane
    —— S-[6-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)hexyl] ethanethioate 871085-86-8 C14H20O3S
    S-[6-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)hexyl] ethanethioate
    —— (+/-)-2-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenethanolamin 53499-18-6 C10H15NO4
    (+/-)-2-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-phenethanolamin
    —— 5-methyl-2-prop-2-enylbenzene-1,3-diol 1374677-34-5 C10H12O2
    5-methyl-2-prop-2-enylbenzene-1,3-diol
    —— (+)-Pinoresinolin 204253-92-9 C20H22O7
    (+)-Pinoresinolin
    —— decanoic acid (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazide 525563-74-0 C19H30N2O4
    decanoic acid (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazide
    —— 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (S)-(2-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethyl)carbamate 1020834-11-0 C16H27NO5Si
    2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl (S)-(2-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethyl)carbamate
    —— 2-<2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl>-cyclopentanon-(1) 859319-55-4 C13H16O2
    2-<2-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-ethyl>-cyclopentanon-(1)
    —— 2,6-Dimethyl-α,α-bis(trifluormethyl)-α-anilino-p-kresol 16867-76-8 C17H15F6NO
    2,6-Dimethyl-α,α-bis(trifluormethyl)-α-anilino-p-kresol
    —— 10462-78-9 C26H18Br4N4O2
    —— 1-(5-Bromsalicyliden)-4-isopropyl-thiosemicarbazon 41377-18-8 C11H14BrN3OS
    1-(5-Bromsalicyliden)-4-isopropyl-thiosemicarbazon
    —— N,N-diethyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)formamidine 1383437-52-2 C12H18N2O
    N,N-diethyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)formamidine
    —— 4-ethanimidoyl-6-[(1E)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol 1403748-53-7 C17H18N2O3
    4-ethanimidoyl-6-[(1E)-N-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanimidoyl]benzene-1,3-diol
    —— 3-anilino-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl)acrylonitrile 1198403-39-2 C17H14N2O2
    3-anilino-2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl)acrylonitrile
    —— 4-nitro-2-thiazol-4-ylmethyleneamino-phenol 27354-85-4 C10H7N3O3S
    4-nitro-2-thiazol-4-ylmethyleneamino-phenol
    —— 3-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-5-ethenylphenol 871345-37-8 C11H12O3
    3-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)-5-ethenylphenol
    —— 4,6-di(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-1,3-benzenediol 69178-06-9 C14H18O2S4
    4,6-di(1,3-dithian-2-yl)-1,3-benzenediol
    —— N-Propionyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoaethanol 22131-01-7 C11H15NO3
    N-Propionyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-aminoaethanol
    —— 2-methoxy-4-(1-morpholin-4-yl-4-phenyl-butyl)-phenol 96067-29-7 C21H27NO3
    2-methoxy-4-(1-morpholin-4-yl-4-phenyl-butyl)-phenol